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array_files[0]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent224.html","2012-01-31","14K","Descent (224)    ","",""," Descent (224) Descent (224) February 2012 IN FULL COLOUR: The Three Counties System Special Edition The Final Piece of the Jigsaw The search has been long, not to mention the amount of effort that has been expended. Tim Allen covers the story of how the connection across Three Counties was finally made. Memories of Lyle The key place to dig in Lost John’s Cave turned out to be a side passage in Lyle Cavern High Level Series. Tony Waltham remembers how it was found, over three decades ago. The Essence of Digging If you’re a digger, you know what it’s like. For the rest, this is a real treat: a description of working in mud slurry and loose rocks that brings home a feeling of being there. The True Length Unravelled How long is the Three Counties System? Only the linked caves, mind; not how long it has the potential to be! Typical published lengths are between 75km to over 100km – but read on for a full analysis and the definitive answer. Into the Darkness In cave biology circles, Romania’s Movile Cave holds something akin to cult status, given its isolated, evolutionary unique ecosystem. Yet little has ever been reported of the cave itself, of what a trip there entails and just how restricted access remains today. Handlines for Free Rope testing reveals much about how our SRT systems fare underground. Now, a new experiment into the survival rate of handlines is coupled with a request to help place some samples. How Many Teams Fit into a Hole? Holding a joint rescue exercise is not unusual, but Midlands CRO took the principle to an extreme then even had to deal with a real callout, to boot. The Wet West Adventure With no open access, exploration in Glebe Mine’s natural passages has been limited. Yet, three decades ago work was begun that was only recently quietly continued. The Descent Competitions Three competitions closed at the end of 2011, so now is the time to see whether you have a prize coming your way, or perhaps simply to laugh at the captions that only cavers could think up. Cover: Serena Povia in Wretched Rabbit, Ease Gill Caverns. Photo: Mark Shinwell Back cover rollover: Andy Kuszyk admiring the Blue Greenies, and the campsite at the Restaurant at the End of the Universe, Daren Cilau. Photos: Rob Eavis This issue is in stock as a back issue: click HERE to order a copy BACK     ");
array_files[1]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent223.html","2012-01-31","14K","Descent (223)    ","",""," Descent (223) Descent (223) December 2011 IN FULL COLOUR: SPECIAL EDITION WITH EIGHT EXTRA PAGES The Caves of the Haut-Languedoc Put thirty-plus cave photographers of international standing together in one place for a week and the likely outcome is a whole load of top quality pictures. Here, then, are just some of the results in another of our extra-page special editions of Descent. The links mentioned in the article are available here. At Last, a Reality For over four decades cavers have striven to connect a series of caves to form the Three Counties System. The breakthrough on 6 November 2011 made that prediction a reality. Once You Taste It ... Artur Kozlowski – a pioneer cave diver renowned and held in high regard for his discoveries in Irish caves – died while following his dream: to explore, ever onwards. Found and Lost Discovering a prehistoric drawing in a British cave is an incredibly rare occurrence, despite decades of searching. This makes the motives behind its subsequent destruction impossible to understand. Hidden Earth at Monmouth The 2011 annual Hidden Earth event in Monmouth proved to be one of the best ever with plenty to interest everyone. Gear review: Step Daddy Tackle Bag and Illamina Undersuit Cavers’ opinions after trying out a new tackle bag from Beast Products and an Aventure Verticale undersuit. The Descent Caption Competition: Grotta del Cane The ever-popular Descent Caption Competition is back with five prizes to award for the best original (and silliest) entries. And not only do we have DVD copies of Cave of Forgotten Dreams to give away, reviewed in Descent (220), a set of Wainwright books has its own competition in the magazine. Plus, online only, we have an additional competition to win copy of Cave of Forgotten Dreams. Cover: Formations in Aven du Mont Marcou, France. Photo: Sergio Laburu and the Espeleofoto team Back cover rollover: Caves of the Haut-Languedoc: Top and inset: Grotte des Crozes. Photos: Gaspard Magarinos & Andi Schober, and Michael Shopper; Bottom: Grotte des Ecossaises. Photo: Mark Shinwell This issue is in stock as a back issue: click HERE to order a copy BACK     ");
array_files[2]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/tratmanrecords.html","2012-01-31","22K","Tratman Award    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Tratman Award Tratman Award Winners 1979-2010 This table displays the Tratman Award winnersand commended publications from 1979 to 2010, with notes covering the judges and changes to the award. Links in the notes column are to the issue of Descent that contained a review of the publication. Year Winner Title Commended Judges & notes 1979 Steve Worthington Sheffield USS Expedition to the Tymphe Mountains, Greece [SUSS Journal] None GPF committee Award: £25 cash 1980 Martyn Farr The Darkness Beckons None GPF committee 1981 Charlie Self (ed) Caves of County Clare None GPF committee 1982 Juan Corrin (ed) Caves & Caving Pozu del Xitu expedition report, OUCC Proceedings (10); Phil Chapman for cave biology articles in Caves & Caving GPF committee 1983 Ben Lyon Venturing Underground None GPF committee 1984 David Judson (ed) Caving Practice and Equipment Howard Beck for Gaping Gill GPF committee 1985 Rob Palmer The Blue Holes of the Bahamas None GPF committee (D67) 1986 Ray Mansfield Current Titles in Speleology None GPF committee 1987 David Rose & Richard Gregson Beneath the Mountains None GPF committee (D79) 1988 No award – – GPF committee 1989 Northern CC The Caver None Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams (D90) 1990 University of Leeds Speleological Association ULSA Explorations Journal II None Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams; cash award increased to £50 (D95) 1991 Martyn Farr The Darkness Beckons [2nd edition] The Descent Index issues (1)–(100) by Chris Howes; ‘A History of the WSG 1950-1990’ by Duncan Minty in WSG Bulletin Vol 9 (6); OUCC Proceedings (13) Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams (D103) 1992 Queen Mary College Speleological Expedition Below Belize An Exploration Journal of Llangattwg Mountain by Chelsea SS; International Caver edited by Tim Stratford; Who was Aveline Anyway? by Richard Witcombe Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams (D108) 1993 David Gibson (ed) Cave Radio & Electronics Group Journal None Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams 1994 Yorkshire Subterranean Society YSS 3 None Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams (D118) 1995 Paul Monico (ed) and the CDG Northern Sump Index 1995 ‘Long-term Quaternary uplift rates ... Malaysia’ by Andy Farrant, Pete Smart, Fiona Whitaker and Donald Tarling in Geology Vol 23 (4); Irish Speleology (15) Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams (D128) 1996 Paul Peppiatt & Kym Price Underground Photographer None Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams 1997 Chris Howes Images Below Cave Guide to Slovenia by Ian Bishop; The Caves of Fermanagh and Cavan by Gareth Jones, Gaby Burns, Tim Fogg and John Kelly Ray Mansfield, Roy Paulson, Nick Williams (D138) 1998 No award – – GPF committee 1999 No award – – GPF committee 2000 Trevor Shaw Foreign Travellers in the Slovene Karst 1537-1900 None Ric Halliwell, Tony Jarratt, Don Mellor (D159) 2001 Pam & Tim Fogg Beneath Our Feet None Ric Halliwell, Tony Jarratt, Don Mellor (D162) 2002 Dave Yeandle [posthumously] The Adventures of Another Pooh None Ric Halliwell, Tony Jarratt, Don Mellor (D169) 2003 Jerry Gibbs & Rick Stewart Moorland Caver None Ric Halliwell, Tony Jarratt, Don Mellor (D176) 2004 John Gunn (ed) Encyclopedia of Caves and Karst Science None GPF committee (D177) 2005 No award – – GPF committee 2006 Graham Proudlove Essential Sources in Cave Science and Subterranean Fishes of the World None GPF committee (D190, D194) 2007 Wessex Cave Club Swildon’s Hole Not for the Faint-Hearted by Mike Cooper; The Hollow Mountain 1974-2006 by Imperial College CC GPF committee (D200) 2008 Judith Calford & Chris Howes Descent Lead Mining in Derbyshire, Vol. 2, by Jim Rieuwerts; Memoirs of a Moldywarp by Pete Ryder; Great Caves of the World by Tony Waltham GPF committee 2009 No award – – GPF committee 2010 Joint award: Juan Corrin & Peter Smith (eds) Jim Hanwell, Duncan Price & Richard Witcombe Matienzo Wookey Hole Red Rose CPC Journal (10) edited by Paul Swire; Is That So? edited by Rob Taviner Chris Howes, Alan Jeffreys, Martin Mills; award changes to presentation trophy (D217, D214) BACK TO TRATMAN AWARD     ");
array_files[3]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/tratman.html","2012-01-31","15K","Tratman Award    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Tratman Award Tratman Award The prestigious Tratman Award is given annually to a caving-related paper-based publication in memory of E.K. Tratman, who died in 1978, to recognise excellence and encourage future improvement. It is administered by the Ghar Parau Foundation; these notes will also be found there as well as information on other work that the foundation does in support of British caving expeditions. This page presents the formal announcement for the current winner and the rules for the award; a separate page lists past winners and commended publications. Tratman Award 2010 For the 2010 award the rules were rewritten and clarified (the rules appear below) and judging reverted to a requirement for three independent cavers to make recommendations to the Ghar Parau committee for ratification. For 2010 these judges were Chris Howes, Alan Jeffreys and Martin Mills. The judges considered a wide range of publications, including both books and club journals. From among the many the final shortlist became: Matienzo, edited by Juan Corrin and Peter Smith, this being an amazingly packed book devoted to the exploration of this area of Spain and including maps and data on CD-ROM, Is That So?, compiled and edited by Rob Taviner in support of the Mendip Cave Registry and Archive, Wookey Hole by Jim Hanwell, Duncan Price and Richard Witcombe, being both a superb book as well as a club-based publication, and the Red Rose CPC Journal (10) edited by Paul Swire. It is worth noting that although the latter journal bears a 2009 imprint, its publication was delayed until 2010 and thus it was eligible for consideration this year. It is an excellent example of a general rise in production quality of club journals, both in design and printing, which the judges noted across the board and which we hope will continue. All these titles are therefore commended but the final decision to decide upon a winner was, it must be stressed, an extremely difficult and close one to make with Matienzo and Wookey Hole competing for the award. Thankfully, as there was no award made in 2009, the Ghar Parau Foundation committee offered to support two prizes in 2010, so both editorial teams accepted awards at Hidden Earth in September, on behalf of the many cavers who had input into the respective projects. Congratulations go to all involved. The award itself is a framed piece of original artwork by Mark Gonzo Lumley depicting the respective books. Chris Howes, on behalf of the judges Tratman Award: Rules The prestigious Tratman Award is awarded annually to a caving-related paper-based publication in memory of E.K. Tratman, who died in 1978. It was first awarded for the publications of 1979 and is administered by the Ghar Parau Foundation. It both recognises excellence and encourages future improvement, and is considered one of the UK’s premier national awards. It is judged by three independent cavers who make their recommendation for the award to the GPF committee for ratification at the foundation’s first meeting in a calendar year.  1. The award may be granted to an author, editor or publisher with the following provisos: The recipient must be British by birth or nationality, or A person based in the UK as his or her principal domicile for a minimum of three years, or A British-based publisher that has rendered a particular service for supporting caving publications The intent is that the Tratman Award is British-based, but not that the publication must occur in the UK, or that it must go to a British national even if publication occurred in the UK. 2. All publications conforming to the above requirements are eligible and may be considered by the judges. These could therefore include books and journals in their entirety, but might also include individual articles within a magazine or journal or a specific chapter within a multi-authored book, or even a journal series, at the judges’ discretion. Multi-authored works are eligible. No distinction is made between commercial and club-based publications; it is the quality of publication that counts. 3. No set of three judges can have the time or resources to read every caving publication, but all major publications are likely to be seen. If any person wishes a specific publication to be considered for the award, they should bring this to the judges’ attention before the end of a calendar year. 4. The award will be made on the basis of a caving-related publication that is printed on paper, being published during the preceding calendar year. Judges will consider caving-related publications produced during the calendar year but it is within their discretion to also consider works from the year before if, for example, their publication was close to the year-end and they were not previously considered. The intent is to ensure that all worthy publications may be considered, despite any difficulties that may have delayed their production or distribution, despite any imprinted date. 5. Judges will take into account factors including content of the publication (for example its importance to caving and the clarity of writing) as well as the physical aspects of production (including layout, presentation, printing and binding). 6.  The Tratman Co-ordinator, as an independent caver, will be elected by the committee for a period of three years but may be re-elected indefinitely; the co-ordinator is responsible for selecting the judges, which may or may not include the co-ordinator. The committee will not seek to influence the judges’ decision but GPF members, just as any other caver, are free to bring publications to their attention and are not precluded from winning. The co-ordinator will inform the committee of the decision by 31 January each year. 7. The winner will receive a trophy commemorating the award; this is retained by the recipient as a mark of the prestige so attained and will be funded by the GPF. The presentation will normally take place at the annual Hidden Earth caving conference. A copy of the rules and a record of past winners will be maintained on the GPF website. Contacts: Ghar Parau Committee Hon. Sec. Tratman Co-ordinator Chris Howes.     ");
array_files[4]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/translations.html","2012-01-31","16K","Translations of caving words    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Translations of caving words Caving Translations The use of this index may be helped by a basic knowledge of foreign words for ‘cave’ (or associated names such as ‘cavern’, ‘pot’ or ‘system’). Some of these may be used as a prefix (eg. Ireland: Poul/Poll) or suffix (eg. Austria: Höhle, as in Mammuthöhle). A short list of the commonest of these, which variously occur in Descent, appears here: Language/country Foreign language English Afrikaans -gat cave Brazil abismo pot gruta cave Bulgaria dupka cave China dong cave yan cave Czech Republic jeskyne cave Ethiopia enkoftu cave holka cave French abîme pot aven pot gouffre pot grotte cave reseau system trou hole German höhle cave loch hole schacht shaft Hungary barlang cave zsomboly pot India krem cave Indonesia gua cave luweng pot ngalau cave sirah resurgence surupan sink Iran ghar cave Ireland poll- hole poul- hole Italy abisso pot buca hole buco hole complesso system grotta cave Japan -do cave Malaysia gua cave lubang cave Morocco ifri cave kef cave Nepal gupha cave Netherlands grot cave Pakistan ghara/gharra cave Poland jaskinia cave Portugal abismo pot gruta cave Romania pestera cave Scotland allt stream uamh cave Slovakia jaskyna cave Slovenia brezno pot jama cave pécina cave spilja cave Spanish cueva cave gruta cave hoyo hole nita cave pozo pot pozu pot resumidero resurgence sima pot sistema system sótano cavern sumidero sink torca pot Thailand tham cave Turkey magarasi cave Wales ogof cave pwll pot twll hole     ");
array_files[5]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/termsofuse.html","2012-01-31","9K","Terms of Use    ","",""," Terms of Use Terms of use of this site Wild Places Publishing maintains this website and does its best to keep the information it presents as up to date as possible. Please report any problems. Please bear in mind the factor that caving is a niche sport and, likewise, time is limited for undertaking updates while preparing editions of Descent. Periodically, therefore, updates may take a while, depending on whether staff are away caving or just too busy working on the next issue ... We will try to respond quickly to your requests and suggestions but please bear with us. Further terms related to ordering goods and subscriptions, in particular regarding payment, appear on the Ordering page. This site is an adjunct to Descent magazine; it is not, and never will be, a replacement. This site is copyright © Wild Places Publishing. The content of Descent is variously either or both the copyright of the authors and Wild Places Publishing; the layout of Descent is copyright Wild Places Publishing. Please respect these copyrights and, if you wish to reproduce anything from Descent, ask for permission first.     ");
array_files[6]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/surveyindex.html","2012-01-31","13K","Survey index    ","",""," Survey index Survey Index Issues (1) to Current Surveys may be complete or partial, representing the whole cave or a recent extension. Sites located in the UK and Ireland appear under the cave name; other sites are listed under their country. However, note that country names may have changed during the period covered by Descent and thus a cave may not appear under the correct modern country in this index. These anomalies are being corrected as time permits. Please let us know of any corrections that are required. If ordering a back issue to obtain a specific survey, please double check with the information on the back issue page and/or with the editor by e-mail. References are provided in the form of issue number and page(s) separated by a colon, for example 216:27 (issue 216, page 27). Handbooks are designated H and numbered for convenience (click here for further information on handbooks and yearbooks). Back issues are linked from the issue number. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y-Z To search the complete website, including the survey index, use the SEARCH facility. Compiling this index has taken a great deal of time and it is made freely available for readers use. Please respect the copyrights involved in this website and the surveys in Descent detailed here.     ");
array_files[7]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/stockists.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent stockists    ","",""," Descent stockists Descent stockists You will find Descent on sale at the following outlets The link will open a new window Bernies Cafe, Ingleton Cave & Crag, Settle Caveclimb.com, Cheddar Caving Supplies, Buxton Crickhowell Adventure Gear, Brecon and Crickhowell Hitch n Hike, Bamford Hunters Lodge Inn, Priddy Inglesport, Ingleton Pen-y-Ghent Cafe, Horton-in-Ribblesdale Speleobooks, Schoharie, NY, USA Starless River (mobile van) Up & Under, Cardiff And, of course, direct from Wild Places Publishing     ");
array_files[8]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/showcaves.html","2012-01-31","19K","Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Showcaves of the UK and Ireland Not only showcaves, but also mines and other underground structures (and surface mining remains and museums) that you can visit as a tourist throughout the UK and Ireland. These links will open a new window. Caves ABIS The website for the Association of British and Irish Showcaves Aillwee Cave, Co. Clare, Ireland In the heart of the Burren with spectacular views from the entrance Blue John Caverns, Peak District Mined tunnels driven in search of the local blue john minteral intersected a cave, so you have both backgrounds here Cheddar Caves, Somerset Coxs Cave and Goughs Cave set in Cheddar Gorge Crag Cave, Co. Kerry, Ireland A discovery made by cave divers, since developed into a fine showcave Creswell Crags, Nottingham With prehistoric cave art and a number of caves, including Church Hole Cave, Dog Hole and Robin Hoods Cave Dan yr Ogof, Swansea Valley, South Wales Cathedral Cave (known to cavers as Tunnel Cave), Dan yr Ogof itself, and the Bone Cave, all set in spectacular caving country Doolin Cave, Co. Clare, Ireland Better known to cavers as Pol-an-Ionain with the soggy dishcloth stalagmite, though controversially developed as a showcave Ingleborough Cave, Yorkshire Dales Discovered in 1837 and rich in history, a cave well worth a visit Kent’s Cavern, Devon Theres a fun virtual tour on the website for this prehistoric and archaeologically important cave Marble Arch Caves and Geopark, Co. Cavan and Co. Fermanagh border, Ireland A cave with international recognition and sporting a boat ride Mitchelstown Cave, Co. Tipperary, Ireland The first Irish showcave to be developed, one of the lesser-known treats of the country Mother Shipton’s Cave, Knaresborough A tufa cave, more of a shelter than anything and if this is your main reason for going, it will make for an overpriced visit Peak Cavern, Peak District Also known as the Devils Arse, Peak has a magnificent entrance set in a gorge and a rich history Poole’s Cavern, Peak District Visitors have been coming here since the 1600s, so the historical record is superb – there are some fine quotes on the website Smoo Cave, Scotland Perhaps not a classic showcave, but modern step and guiderail installations have made this a worthy attraction in its own right Speedwell Cavern, Peak District Enjoy an underground boat tour through old mining remains that intersected cave passages Stump Cross Caverns, Yorkshire Dales Another cave discovered by miners and now developed for the public, though by permission cavers enjoy exploring even more of the passages Treak Cliff Cavern, Peak District A source of the blue john mineral and thus a close association with mining in these passages White Scar Caves, Yorkshire Dales Take an animated tour on the website of what is claimed as the longest British showcave Wookey Hole, Somerset Where cave diving began – and you might be lucky enough to see cave divers in action Mines and structures Baron’s Cave, Reigate A fascinating structure with a rich history; not to be missed on one of the days when the local society arranges a visit Beamish Mining Museum, Co. Durham An open-air museum where your time will disappear there is so much to see Big Pit, Blaenavon, South Wales A quality site now run by the National Museum of Wales – and therefore free! Avoid school-visit days in the summer for a quieter tour Birkhill Fireclay Mine, Scotland An under-rated mine experience and well worth the journey by steam train Chiselhurst Caves, Kent Plenty of history is present in these passages; worth a day out to visit Exeter’s Underground Passages, Devon Medieval tunnels built to house pipes to bring water to the city Geevor Tin Mine, Cornwall A huge area preserved from the countys tin mining past; the website has plenty of information on the mines history Glengowla Mine, Co. Galway, Ireland Irelands only showmine, where silver and lead were extracted Grime’s Graves, Norfolk Ancient mines where flint was brought to the surface from bell pits, now preserved and open for visits Hell-Fire Caves, West Wycombe The scene of depravity and orgies when the Hell-Fire Club operated in these man-made tunnels Kelly Mine, Devon Haematite was mined here on Dartmoor at a site that has been restored by a preservation society King Edward Mine, Cornwall A Cornish tin mine abandoned in the late 1800s but redeveloped as a training facility by the Camborne School of Mines, now preserved as part of our mining heritage Llechwedd Slate Caverns, North Wales A mining experience complete with an underground train tour Poldark Mine, Cornwall A tin mine rescued by enthusiasts from the receivers and today including an underground tour Redcliffe Caves, Bristol Fascinating tunnels cut into sandstone – if you have the opportunity to book a tour, operated by cavers, dont hesitate St Clement’s Caves, Hastings Ancient tunnels carved by man now presented as a smugglers adventure – it will appeal to kids Snailbeach Lead Mine, Shropshire Plenty of surface remains to discovery in this area where a local cave and mine society has done much to preserve our past Temple Mine and Peak District Mining Museum, Peak District An excellent mining museum set in the town of Buxton, complete with an associated mine Williamson’s Tunnels, Liverpool Tunnels (and more) built beneath Liverpool by men employed to keep them busy! A fascinating set of passages to explore and learn about Woodhorn Colliery Museum, Northumberland Colliery remains set in a country park with plenty of displays in the old buildings BACK TO THE LINKS PAGE     ");
array_files[9]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/sitemap.html","2012-01-31","16K","Sitemap    ","",""," Sitemap Site Map To avoid an unnecessarily lengthy list, individual back issue pages are not listed here Wild Places Publishing Home Descent Descent Subscriptions UK World Binders Indexes Author indexSurvey index Back issues Back issues: dates Back issues (1-24) Back issues (25-49) Back issues (50-74) Back issues (75-99) Back issues (100-124) Back issues (125-149) Back issues (150-174) Back issues (175-199) Back issues (200-current) The Descent Adopt-a-Cave Scheme Descent stockists Descent Correspondents Contributors notes Abbreviations used in Descent Translations of caving words Products Books Images Below Images Below reviews To Photograph Darkness Its Only a Game The Game Goes On Diving in Darkness Radical Sports: Caving In Sight of Light On Three! The Spice of Life Goods Calendar 2011 About us Contact us Ordering Late News News archives 2009-2010 Links UK and Irish showcave and minesNon-caving organisations Clubs & Groups Search this Site Author indexSurvey index Terms of Use Privacy policy Site map     ");
array_files[10]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/search.html","2012-01-31","14K","Search Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Search Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Search This Site As well as searching for all words, any words or an exact phrase, you may use a wildcard (*) to represent any part of a word. For example, although it might not be the most useful thing to search for, cave* will locate cave, caves, caver, cavers, cavern and caverns. The query (?) will substitute for any single unknown character, which might be used if you cannot remember how to spell the word you are looking for. As an example, if you are not sure whether the correct spelling is Draenen or Dreanen (its Draenen, by the way), search for Dr??nen. Using the Boolean term NOT will restrict your search (eg. Ffynnon NOT Ddu would find Ogof Craig-a-Ffynnon and Ogof Ffynnon Taf but not Ogof Ffynnon Ddu). You may also elect to search only Descent back issues (and associated pages) or books. Using the full search includes the survey index.From the results page you may return here using the Go Back link at the top or follow any result direct to its page by clicking on the blue title. All words Any words Exact phrase Wild Places Publishing Descent only Books only Descent is partially (but extremely fully) indexed on paper, with issues (1) to (133) so far covered by published indexes. In addition, an online index to all authors of major articles and all surveys and area maps in Descent has been added to this website. Follow the links to the index pages, or use the search facility here: entries in both indexes are covered by this search.     ");
array_files[11]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products.html","2012-01-31","9K","Products    ","",""," Products Products Follow the link to: Books Goods     ");
array_files[12]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/privacypolicy.html","2012-01-31","9K","Privacy policy    ","",""," Privacy policy Privacy policy Wild Places Publishing is registered with the Data Protection Agency and takes matters of privacy seriously. If you order a number of items that have a high combined weight we may use a courier to deliver them – if you prefer to have these delivered to a work address, so that there is always someone available to sign for them, just tell us. We will, however, also need a phone number because this is now required by courier companies. We will also ask for your phone number and e-mail address, if you have one, when you subscribe to Descent. We do not release any of this information to any other company – the details are only used to aid delivery and, in case of a problem such as needing to ask for clarification of an order or subscription, to readily make contact.     ");
array_files[13]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/ordering.html","2012-01-31","10K","Ordering    ","",""," Ordering Ordering Inevitably, there has to be some small print ... Please check that you have the latest version of this form – prices do change from time to time, and we cannot accept orders placed using out-of-date forms. Each page is marked with the most recent date when it was changed and a release number: the current form is No. 29. All prices on this website include postage and packing to a UK address; additional costs may apply for overseas deliveries so please check the order form and enquire if your chosen destination is not shown. Please read the notes concerning payment methods at the end of the order form. You can download this (right-click and Save Target As) or view it on screen by clicking the button (it will open in a new screen). Ordering With the above notes in mind, please print your order and post it to: Wild Places Publishing, PO Box 100, Abergavenny NP7 9WY, UK Make cheques payable to Wild Places Publishing Enquires can be made on: +44 (0)1873 737707 or e-mail HERE Remember: all our prices include postage to UK addresses     ");
array_files[14]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/newsarchives.html","2012-01-31","44K","Late news    ","",""," Late news News Archives 2009-2011 This archive will record the entries made during the year; these are removed from the main page with publication of each new edition of Descent and relate to news received too late to appear in print. They are thus linked to a two-month period while that issue was extant and are maintained as a reference to previous reports. Speleo Abstracts Speleological Abstracts is an annual compilation of the worlds speleo literature – around 4,000 articles are listed each year and, as these are searchable, it is easy to locate sources of information on virtually any topic or specific location. However, to maintain the listings your help is needed: if you would like to see your club journal, expedition report or book included, you should extract the details required and, for a UK publication, send these to the UK Speleo Abstracts Coordinator, Gina Moseley. The information included in the publication (not all of which is necessarily applicable) is: Article title Year Full name of author(s) Publication title Volume and issue number Web address Page numbers for the article or total number of pages for a book Abstract covering the subject matter (maximum 700 characters) You may send this in any format – pdf, Word document, text file or even a link to a web page – as long as it is in a copy/paste format. Nidderdale publication Page 9 of the December issue reports the publication of a booklet on Nidderdale hydrology. We try to get things accurate 100 per cent of the time, we really do, but theres an error in the report. The address to download a copy is correct but, with apologies to all concerned, the booklet was published by BCA (not BCRA). Sheriffs findings In 2008, while walking home across the moors, Allison Hume fell into a disused mineshaft in Ayrshire and, although she was attended by the emergency services, she died during the rescue attempt. Scottish legal history was made when the sheriff reopened the subsequent enquiry and new evidence was heard in February 2011 (see Descent 214 and 217). Of concern were delays that could have contributed to the fatality. The fire service was first in attendance and a mountain rescue team was called out, but neither the Mines Rescue Service nor the Scottish CRO were called out, despite possessing appropriate information, equipment and training. The sheriffs findings have now been published. In some areas these are critical of aspects of organisation and decisions taken on the ground and the document makes for interesting reading. Monuments threatened In Ireland, archaeological remains are documented in the Record of Monuments and Places and are granted statutory protection. However, the relevant department has a backlog of work and is under pressure to cut costs. The answer seems to be to delist everything more recent than the abitrary date of 1700; thus, any mining heritage remains would lose their status and be open to planning proposals. The full monument list appears on the departments website. (Descent 222) Rescue anniversary Mark Helmore writes that 2011 marks 75 years of operation of a cave rescue team on Mendip, the second oldest cave rescue team in the world! To celebrate, Mendip Cave Rescue is holding a day of cave rescue related activities and displays followed by a social evening, all based around Priddy village Hall on Saturday 19 November. Events will include rescue workshops together with above- and below-ground practices. The evening will round off with the usual caver’s stomp. Cavers and non-cavers alike are more than welcome to join in and refreshments will be available throughout the day and evening. For more information click here. (Descent 222) Shannon access Shannon Cave on the border of Co. Fermanagh and Co. Cavan was affected by ground movement in mid-September, when some 300m of passage, from the Rebirth Canal to at least the Old Entrance, was affected by rockfall. No progress has been attempted beyond this point as yet and cavers are advised to stay away until it has been properly assessed.The cause of the movement is unknown, though it does not appear to be flood-related (stal in fossil areas has been broken and fractures have appeared in parts of the walls). (Descent 222) Cave surveying course The Misty Mountain Mud Mining Corporation and Red Rose CPC, in conjunction with the Cave Surveying Group, are organising a course on paperless surveying using Pocket Topo and Therion to produce 3D surveys. The course is being held at Bull Pot Farm over the weekend of 3-4 December; e-mail Andy Chapman for further details (andychapm [at] googlemail.com). (Descent 222) Ogof Ffynnon Ddu access There has been a permanent change to the route that cavers should follow to reach the entrance to Ogof Ffynnon Ddu 1. Previously, cavers were able to park at the bottom of the hill and walk to the cave via the landowners garden; the alternative, when walking down the hill from the South Wales CC headquarters, was to follow the footpath alongside the fence to the property. Ownership of the cottage has now changed and in future cavers should either follow the upper, established route or, if parking on the road as previously, walk past the cottage and take the footpath on the right (close the gate) and follow the path to the site of an old gate and turn right across the drystone wall – at this point you have joined the final part of the upper route. Please take care when crossing fences and keep noise to a minimum to maintain a good relationship with the new landowners. (Descent 222) Cave vandalism Vandals have severely damaged a classic cave site in Oregon by lighting fires, damaging trees in the collapse entrance, and spray-painting the ancient art found in Hidden Forest Cave. The lava tube lies within the Deschutes National Forest and initial indications from officials are that restoring the cave will be incredibly difficult, if not impossible. Fears have been raised that this may lead to restrictions for all cave visits in the area. Cavers, naturally enough, are incensed and the Oregon High Desert Grotto has begun fundraising for a reward to help catch the perpetrators; donations can be made through the grottos website or at any Bank of the Cascades branch. In addition, anyone with information may report this by e-mail to Crime Stoppers Cascades; a cash reward may result, though you can remain anonymous if you prefer. (Descent 221) White Nose Syndrome The report about White Nose Syndrome in Descent (220) can be extended, as on 17 May (after the magazine went to print) the Fish & Wildlife Service in the USA published a National Plan to combat the threat to North American bats. The report and supporting files are linked from the agencys website. Notably,although there are no requirements for closing caves to cavers, many regional bodies and state organisations have nevertheless developed cave management plans which restrict or prevent access; the report provides guidance on regulation or restriction of human actions that are likely to pose a risk of spreading WNS. (Descent 220) Pwll Du CMG meeting The Pwll Du CMG meeting reported in Descent (220) is scheduled for 18 June with a venue to be confirmed. The meeting will take place at 7.30pm in the Lamb & Fox public house on Pwll Du, South Wales. (Descent 220) Calling cave photographers The Cuban SS is organising a five-day expedition to Cueva Martín Infierno in December 2011 and wishes to throw open an invitation to cave photographers from around the world to join in and help photograph what is often quoted as the worlds tallest stalagmite at 67m high in a chamber that is up to 80m high. The cave will be rigged and transport provided; participants must supply their own photographic and personal kit. For more information e-mail Angel Grana Gonzalez, but note that you must commit to the expedition and supply the required information before 1 August, as permits have to be arranged. (Descent 220) Whitely Fund for Nature awards Descent (220) includes an article on the Whitley Fund for Nature awards, in 2011 one of which went to Jana Bedek for her work on biospeleology in the Dinaric karst. The following 2min 20sec video concerns her project and is narrated by Sir David Attenborough. -- -- Cave of Forgotten Dreams If you missed the first showing of Werner Herzogs film about Grotte Chauvet (see Descent 219), there is a one-off showing at Taliesin (an arts cinema on the Swansea University campus) on 14 July. (Descent 220) Whitley director The Whitley Fund for Nature, which is featured for its support of caving in the current issue, needs to appoint a capable individual as part of temporary cover for the Director while on maternity leave from August 2011. The successful candidate will have a key role in donor reporting and management and work with the team to continue the smooth running of the charity and deliver the Whitley Awards Ceremony 2012. The successful candidate will at minimum have several years experience working in an office environment, ideally within the charitable sector, and a keen interest in conservation. Formal conservation qualifications are not a requirement but could be advantageous. For more information make contact by e-mail; the deadline for applications is Friday 1 July 2011. (Descent 220) Ingleton Overground Underground The Ingleton Overground Underground Festival will take place over the weekend of 27 to 30 May and is described as a weekend of family friendly exploration in and around Ingleborough. It aims to celebrate the unique landscape of the Ingleton area through a varied programme of events, including taster sessions for caving novices, climbing and mountain biking, guided archaeology walks, talks and displays on local mines, wildflowers, rocks and minerals, and the option to visit local showcaves. On Saturday evening there will be a showing of Sid Perou’s What a Way to Spend a Sunday (introduced by Jack Pickup of the CRO) and The Underground Eiger (introduced by Geoff Yeadon). Caving talks are being given by Dave Checkley and Andrew Hinde (7.30pm on the 29th: The Key to the Ancient History of the Earth). For further information visit the website. (Descent 219) Cave of Forgotten Dreams In March and April 2010, film maker Werner Herzog, renowned for his documentary feature films, gained unprecedented access to Grotte Chauvet in France. This cave, rich in prehistoric art, is both superbly decorated and protected; it is a veritable time capsule and a stunningly suitable subject for a new film shot in 3D. Visitors to Chauvet do not touch any part of the cave; indeed, nobody has since a raised walkway was installed, and Herzog was treated no differently: all filming was conducted from the path using specially adapted cameras. The resulting Cave of Forgotten Dreams was premiered at the Toronto Film Festival in September and was subsequently picked up for a general release (see Descent 214 and 216). The great news is that Herzogs record of this Palaeolithic art, made 30,000 years ago (meaning that it is twice as old as that at Lascaux), will reach UK cinema screens on 25 March 2011. Its going to be well worth seeing. (Descent 219) Cambrian AGM The Cambrian Caving Council AGM scheduled for 6 March has for several months been tabbed as probably taking place in North Wales. However, the venue has now been fixed for 10am at Pendarren House Outdoor Education Centre near Crickhowell, as it was considered that a North Wales venue would be costly and result in a low turnout. (Descent 218) Found Too late for inclusion in the Lost and Found column of Descent (dont forget it is there to be made use of!), a found note came in from Adrian Bennett: a 1W Unilite found in Tratmans Temple, Swildons Hole, on 18 January 2011. Contact Descent for the contact details to reunite yourself with your lost light. (Descent 218) Ogof Nant Rhin Cambrian Caving Council reports that a collapse has occurred in Ogof Nant Rhin, just beyond the entrance crawl. This would obstruct a pull-through trip, so check the situation before committing yourself. (Descent 218) Caves of the Peak District The review of Caves of the Peak District in Descent (218) mentions its lack of index, but that a pdf was being prepared for download and printing in the same A5 size and format, so that it can be tucked into the back, or as a set of A4 pages for reference. This download is now available HERE. (Descent 218) Odin Mine unstable DCA has issued a warning concerning Odin Mine in the Peak District. A collapse has occurred at the base of the first handline climb, about 50m from the entrance, where the entire floor has disappeared into a large crater with a 10m drop. The material has fallen in front of the stempled passage linking to the Cartgate and taken out the first two stone stemples so, although the passage is open, the heap of deads, gravel and mud is very unstable and still moving. With such a dangerous situation the passage and, by implication, the Cartgate and beyond must be considered inacessible. DCA strongly recommends that no one enters Odin Mine until stabilisation works have been completed. (Descent 218) Cave diving lecture Martin Groves is presenting a lecture on cave diving in Castleguard Cave, Canada, at 7.30pm on 17 March in the Small Chemistry Lecture Theatre, Cardiff University. The talk is organised by Cardiff UCC; entry costs £3 on the door with all proceeds going to Save the Children. (Descent 218) Welsh grants available The application date for Welsh Sports Association grants for expeditions taking place between 1 April 2011 and 31 March 2012 has been extended to 31 January 2011. Thus far applications have been few and, although this is a grant available only to expedition members living in Wales for the past two years, or who are Welsh or who have Welsh parents or grandparents (which opens up quite a spread of eligibility), the expedition itself does not have to be Welsh. Click HERE to go to the grants section of the WSA website. (Descent 217) Draenen gated Descent (217) reported that the gate to Ogof Draenen was due to be replaced on the weekend of 27 November. The work was completed that Saturday so the original key is now required to gain entry; the gate may be opened from the inside without the use of a key. (Descent 217) Otter film A film about Dave Sparky Parkers trip to the Hall of Thirty in Otter Hall at the age of 73 (see Descent 215) was premiered in the Palace Cinema in Cinderford on 11 October and subsequently entered into an online speleo film competition, as reported in Descent (217). At its close, the trailer had received 1,500 hits and the film was placed third. (Descent 217) New cave at Ystradfellte Since its discovery earlier this year, rumours of a new cave discovered near Ystradfellte have spread, despite the landowners wishes reports Elsie Little (Cambrian CC & BCA Conservation Officer). She writes: Those few responsible cavers using the site with permission were working with the landowners and hoped to carry out a scientific study and arrange an access agreement. However, others have entered the site without permission, carried out criminal damage at the entrance (which matter is now in the hands of the police), and interfered with the landowners’ privacy and water supply that originates in the cave. The result is a complete ban on caving here; the cave will be firmly sealed closed. We thank the landowners for agreeing to do this in a manner that will not damage the cave, so that it will be properly protected, and we urge all cavers to respect the laws of property. We only have access to underground sites with a landowners permission and landowners may be reassured that the Cambrian Caving Council, British Caving Association and the British Cave Research Association will always work with them in such matters. (Descent 217) White Nose Syndrome Descent (216) reported on the possible outcome if White Nose Syndrome, now prevalent across many states of the USA, became established in Europe (where the causative fungal species has been identified). Two bats have now been found in Wigpool Iron Mine in the Forest of Dean, both bearing a white fungal growth, and have been retrieved for analysis. Bats can die a natural death and then exhibit fungal growth so the outcome is far from certain, especially as WNS normally manifests more towards the end of the hibernation period, coming into spring, but safe is far better than sorry. All access to Wigpool Iron Mine, other than for essential trips as required and advised by the owners, is now suspended until the analysis is completed and more is known. (Descent 216) Otter Hole film night A film about Dave Sparky Parkers trip to the Hall of Thirty in Otter Hall at the age of 73 (see Descent 215) was premiered in the Palace Cinema in Cinderford on 11 October. The evening was sold out and was such a success, with proceeds going to Gloucestershire cave rescue, that Paul Taylor has arranged a second evening on Monday 15 November. If you are interested in attending, contact Paul by e-mail: paultaylor [at] redhousefod.co.uk. (Descent 216) Smeltmill Beck Cave access The landowner for Smeltmill Beck Cave near Brough, John Lord, has stated that all cavers are required to seek permission before they make a descent (landline: 01768 341686; mobile: 07812 364997) and let him know after you have exited the cave. Please park on the edge of the driveway to Light Trees, near the stream about 70m downstream from the entrance (NGR NY 8475 1465). Currently, most or all cavers have parked at the top and walked down the stream but in future you must follow the stream bed upstream; the entrance is a hands-and-knees crawl under a small cliff face. Do not climb any fences or stone walls. (Descent 216) Otter Hole film Descent (215) carried an article about a rather special caving trip to Otter Hole in the Forest of Dean – a trip by 73-year-old Dave Sparky Parker, who discovered the cave back in 1970. A film was made of the trip and the date of its first showing has been announced: if you would like to see the results and meet both Forest cavers and some of those who were involved in the early days of exploration in Otter, contact Paul Taylor for further information (e-mail: chairman [at] gcrg.org.uk). The event is planned for 11 October in the Palace Cinema, Cinderford; tickets will cost in the region of £5 with proceeds going to Gloucestershire CRG. (Descent 216) Ogof Draenen gates During the evening of 7 July the gates to Ogof Draenen and Drws Cefn on the Pwll Du hillside in South Wales were stolen by persons unknown. The theft is being taken very seriously by the landowners and the Pwll Du CMG, which acts for the landowners on behalf of cavers. An accurate time for the theft is known and all keyholders have been asked to account for the whereabouts of their keys between set hours, to aid a police enquiry in progress. Fortunately, at the time of writing the landowners have agreed that access may continue through the original Draenen entrance; no entry (or through-trip) is allowed via Drws Cefn. Please respect the landowners’ wishes related to caving on their land. Articles on the background to problems at Draenen and advice concerning legal issues and caving access in general appeared most recently in Descent (213) and (214). Keyholders should continue to carry a key (which can be shown to the landowners if required, indicating that you have permission to be there). Non-keyholders should contact Sue Mabbett, PDCMG Secretary, 2 Garth Close, Morganstown, Cardiff CF15 8LF before undertaking a trip. (Descent 216) Wes Skiles dies Wes Skiles, renowned in both caving and underwater filming circles, died on 21 July while open-water diving off the Florida coast; he was 52 years old. He is reported to have left his companions to return to the surface for additional film stock; his body was later found on the reef. (Descent 216) Peak District Mining Museum threatened The Peak District Mining Museum in Matlock Bath has been threatened with closure. The Pavilion building where it is situated requires high expenditure to bring it up to standard and Derbyshire Dales District Council, the landlord, is taking the tack that it should be sold to a private buyer, which would force the museum to close. A Save the Pavilion Group has been established to raise awareness and funds to keep the Pavilion open: follow the link for more details. (Descent 215) Aberystwyth CC sponsored walk Members of Aberystwyth CC are planning a sponsored walk from Aberystwyth to Penwyllt in the Swansea Valley, ending at the headquarters of South Wales CC. The walk is expected to take four days from 10 to 13 August and is being undertaken in aid of the Cave Rescue Organisation, which celebrates its 75th anniversary in 2010. Thats 75 miles for 75 years ... Donations are welcome in support of this worthy cause. (Descent 215) Three Peaks challengers wanted The CRO is organising a sponsored Yorkshire Three Peaks Challenge on 7 August and is looking for volunteers to take part. The 24.5 mile circuit takes in Ingleborough, Penyghent and Whernside and by tradition is completed in under twelve hours. The idea for the CRO challenge originated with Phil Haigh, who died in 2009 before he could see it put into action for the first event that August with over fifty participants helping to raise money for the team The 2010 challenge aims to be bigger and better and, if three peaks are too much, suggestions for shorter routes and even guided walks are available. Entrants are asked to donate the first £50 of their sponsorship receipts to CRO; the rest can be donated as well, of course, or can go to a different charity of their choosing. This is a great opportunity to enjoy a day out, to meet people and help the rescue team; learn more and register at the CRO website. (Descent 215) Another Three Counties link A team of cavers, including caving and non-caving members of the Misty Mountain Mud Mining Corporation, have made a connection between Ireby Fell Cavern and Rift Pot. This links Lancashire with Yorkshire underground and represents one of the last two key connections to remain in the Three Counties System. Ireby now contains a border control and a mud sign saying ‘Welcome to Lancashire’. A full article on this major success will appear in Descent (215), published on 7 August. This special edition is not to be missed. (Descent 214) Cave fatality trial The trial relating to the death of Joseph Lister in Manchester Hole was still ongoing when Descent (214) went to print, and the report in that issue was therefore only a partial one. When the trial concluded, it brought a verdict of not guilty. A full report will appear in Descent (215). (Descent 214) Real rescues Real Rescues is a television series which transmits in a morning slot on BBC1; it is hosted by Nick Knowles and takes a behind-the-scenes look at the emergency services and the work that they do. The programme has proved popular and the makers, Topical TV, have been commissioned to produce two more series to follow the two already screened and would like to include caving in the presentation. The films often use archive footage shot by the public or the services themselves, combining this with news coverage and interviews with both those involved in the rescue and the service personnel. Topical is therefore hoping that cavers will have shot some footage at some time in the past that they can use as the basis of a programme. If you have any, or know of any, please contact the assistant producer Paula Tonks by phone (023 8071 2233) or e-mail (paula.tonks [at] topical.co.uk). She is keen to feature at least one cave rescue in the forthcoming two series. (Descent 214) Caving talk: free entry (pay to leave) Dave and Sue Ryall are presenting a talk on caving From Ingleborough to Vancouver Island in Langcliffe Village Institute near Settle in the Yorkshire Dales at 7.30pm on Saturday 19 June. Scurrilous tales are promised ... Entry is free but donations are welcome (required!) in support of the institute. (Descent 214) Caves on TV Cavers able to receive BBC 1 Wales should tune in to Iolo Williams new series on wildlife beginning at 9pm on Sunday 9 May. Included is a visit to Daren Cilau, filmed by Gavin Newman. The series is in English and is due to be repeated in September in all regions; details will appear in Descent when known. (Descent 214) Giants damage On 6 April damage in Giants Hole was reported to DCA. The damage occurred in a remote area beyond the reach of non-cavers, the terminal chamber of Wet Inlets. The vandals broke stal using a rock, including one section a metre long. The floor was described as a scene of calcite genocide. Giants Hole is a SSSI and protected by law. Natural England and DCA are both keen to identify the culprits. If you have seen any damage in the cave, please report this with a date to help to tie this down. Photographs are required of the intact chamber to help to assess the damage. And of course, any information that might lead to identifying those responsible. To offer information, e-mail Dave Webb: conservation-off [at] thedca.org.uk. (Descent 213) Draenen access Descent (213) contains a report on access to Ogof Draenen, specifically concerning the entrance dug at Drws Cefn without the landowners’ knowledge or permission and placing all access at risk. Here is the update from the Pwll Du CMG: After a period of uncertainty regarding future access to Ogof Draenen, the PDCMG can now confirm that ongoing access to the cave has been secured. However, the conditions attached to this access are that it is only to be via the original entrance to the cave. Any further attempts to open or otherwise use other entrances to the cave on land owned by Pwll Du Conservation Ltd will result in termination of the current access agreement. We therefore ask all cavers to respect the terms of access. Details of obtaining a key appear in a separate report, below. (Descent 213) Shop closure A report in Descent (213) on p5 concerns a new Caveclimb.com shop opening in Buckfastleigh. After Descent went to print, the announcement was made that the shop had closed permanently as the level of trade had proved too low to sustain it. (Descent 213) Ogof Draenen lock By request of the landowners, the lock on Ogof Draenen has been changed from a combination lock to one requiring a key. The new high security lock (keys cannot be copied without a security certificate) was installed on the weekend of 21 March. To gain access, clubs and cavers must now: Apply for a key by post, with a letter on club letterheaded paper detailing when the key is required, together with a deposit cheque for £10 payable to PDCMG (Pwll Du Cave Management Group) and an addressed jiffy bag with correct postage for a large package (check new postal rates that apply from April). Send your request to Sue Mabbett, PDCMG Secretary, 2 Garth Close, Morganstown, Cardiff CF15 8LF. The cheque will be destroyed on return of the key. Or, if your club is designated as one with permanent access and thus holds its own key, enquire from your club secretary whether a new key is available for use. (Descent 213) Bulgarian caves The Bulgarian Federation of Speleology has asked clubs and cavers to sign an online petition to show support for its stance in cave conservation, specifically to raise political awareness concerning caves in Bulgaria in the hope of introducing legal protection. Read more HERE. (Descent 213) Irish forum The Irish Student Caving Forum is being held over Easter weekend, 2-5 April, in the Leitrim Lakes Youth Hostel, Kiltyclogher, Co. Leitrim. Hosted by Queens University Belfast CC, the event costs €40 – for further information e-mail: qubcc [at] yahoogroups.com. (Descent 212) Hidden Earth 2010 Details of the 2010 Hidden Earth national caving conference have been announced. The event will return to the high school in Leek for the weekend of 24 to 26 September. More details will appear in Descent as they are released. (Descent 212) Irish Speleology Irish Speleology (18) is reviewed in the current issue, but the price has been changed since Descent went to print. The price is now £9 or €10 for the issue, or £12 or €14 including postage to the UK. Make cheques payable to SUI and send orders to: Matthew Parkes, Natural History Museum, Merrion Street, Dublin 2, Ireland. Contact information for enquiries appears in Descent. (Descent 212) A busy OFD The West Brecon CRT is running a rescue practice at OFD on 20 March. Cavers should be aware that this will involve a stretcher carry and a lot of people in the OFD1 and 1.5 region of the cave throughout the day so if you intend undertaking a normal trip, take this into account. (Descent 212) Job opportunity The National Cave and Karst Research Institute in the USA is expanding its staff to include an Advancement Director, who will help with fundraising and promoting the organisation. Applications are being accepted until 15 March: more information appears HERE. (Descent 212) Tir Cymru An S4C documentary series, Tir Cymru, is devoting its programme on 17 January at 9pm to underground Wales. For those not in Wales, S4C is the Welsh language channel; English subtitles are available on the 17th, or they are embedded in the screening in the repeat the following Thursday. Underground footage was shot by Gavin Newman. (Descent 212) Swildons Hole On 27 November 2009 movement was again reported in the entrance to Swildons Hole on Mendip. Water had undermined some of the slabs and these had to be lowered to make the area safer. Even so, this part of the cave remained unstable, especially given the heavy rainfall that continued into December. As the entrance area was not considered safe, in mid-December Swildons Hole was closed by the landowner. No visits until further notice ... (Descent 211) Return to the news page HERE     ");
array_files[15]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/news.html","2012-01-31","13K","Late news    ","",""," Late news News Caving news received too late for inclusion in Descent ... External links will open in a new window. DistoX1 Kevin Dixon is constructing a limited production of DistoX1 boards for the Disti A3; cave surveyors will know this is a specialised piece of electronic survyeing kit. Kevin has located some of the obsolete parts to make 100 boards which should be ready to ship around March or April; this is likely to be the final production of this board (price is not yet determined). Anyone interested should contact Kevin by e-mail: kdxn [at] yahoo.com. New dates The dates for the postponed event reported on p5 of Descent (224) have been finalised. The Cave Technology Symposium will now be held in the Priddy, Mendip area over the weekend of 9-10 June, thus changing from the former one-day event to two days, with practical demonstrations on the Saturday and more formal presentations on the Sunday. Admission is free for BCRA members or £3 for non-members for either or both days. For further information e-mail Mike Bedford (BedfordMD [at] aol.com). Bat numbers The report on White Nose Syndrome on p7 of Descent (224) can be udated with a new estimate for the number of bat deaths that have occurred in North America since the outbreak in the winter of 2006. The US Fish and Wildlife Service now places the fatalities at between 5.7 and 6.7 million (not including the current winter), upgrading this from the prior 2009 total of 1 million. The revision was used as part of a submission that obtained 4m of funds for federal research in 2012. Some cavers suggest that the total loss estimate is high, as 6.5m would represent the total loss of Little Brown bats, whereas the population still fights on. The 16th International Congress An International Congress of Speleology is held every four years; the next will be in Brno in the Czech Republic from 21 to 28 July 2013. The congress will, just as its forerunners, be organised around talks and workshops, films and competitions, but with a strong element of pre- and post-congress camps and caving excursions during the week-long event. Czech cavers and diggers are among the most motivated and best in the world; in this region you may experience a range of caves from stunningly easy but impressive tourist sites to some harder trips that might challenge even the best. The Moravian karst, the largest caving region in the country and near to Brno, contains more than 1,200 known caves and these are definitely not to be missed. State-of-the-art conference facilities have been booked in the centre of Brno. Bear in mind that the Czech karst is readily accessible from the UK, being only a little further than driving to the south of France. Whether you are looking for a great caving experience or simply wish to spend some time in this historic karst area, you should not pass up this opportunity. The organising committee has prepared the first circular, downloadable here, or head for the congress website for further information. Grants and awards Given the increasing number of grants and awards being made, or at least available to, cavers, collecting together information on these seemed a worthwhile exercise. For a list of grant bodies and awards cavers can approach and apply for, follow the link. New indexes online A full index to authors of all articles (and some of the larger reports on the news pages) is now online and searchable (links appear in the left-hand column). It joins the existing index to surveys and maps in Descent; the search feature includes both of these as well as contents lists. One advantage is that the author listing will supply the title as it appeared plus, where necessary, an explanatory note that will help to track down major entries for subjects and cave names. Check back regularly for updates ... News archives from older issues are HERE     ");
array_files[16]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/indexmenu.html","2012-01-31","10K","Indexes    ","",""," Indexes Indexes and Searches Descent is indexed in fine detail from issue (1) to (133) as part of an ongoing project. These PRINTED INDEXES are invaluable in tracking down even obscure references and are available for BINDING with your copies of the magazine. An online AUTHOR INDEX (covering major authors only) and SURVEY INDEX (covering all surveys and area maps published in Descent) are now available. These are based on the published indexes but have been extended to cover all issues to current. To search the complete website (including the major author index, the survey index and the contents lists that appear in each issue), use the SEARCH facility. This is also an appropriate place to mention referencing Descent, which is always done with issue number – for example, Descent (215), Aug 2010 – and never with a volume number. More information appears here.     ");
array_files[17]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/links.html","2012-01-31","13K","Caving links    ","",""," Caving links Links For the finest caving equipment and services check the following quality suppliers that support Descent. Follow the link or see the current issue of Descent for more information. External website links will open in a new window. If you are looking for Descent stockists, they are HERE Links to clubs and organisations are HERE Links to UK and Irish showcaves and mines open for visits are HERE Useful links to non-caving organisations are HERE Equipment outlets and manufacturers Bernies Cafe, Ingleton Caving equipment shop and a cafe in the Yorkshire Dales Caveclimb.com, Cheddar Mendip-based caving shop and hire centre Caving Supplies, Buxton Caving equipment shop in the Peak District Firefly Electronics (online only) Slave units specially developed for cave photographers Inglesport, Ingleton Caving equipment shop and a cafe in the Yorkshire Dales JumpSuits (online only) Made-to-measure undersuits and oversuits plus repairs Scurion High-end, caver-designed top-of-the-range headlight Starless River (online and mobile van) Web-based caving shop plus dates and places for the mobile van Events International Congress of Speleology The 16th International Congress, Czech Republic 2013 Services Sports Financial Services Life assurance for cavers, with no upload for dangerous sports Training Association of Caving Instructors The representative body of professional caving instructors in the UK Ingleborough Hall, Yorkshire Dales Residential and other caving courses for individuals and groups Nigel Atkins, Peak District Courses and training for cavers Accommodation Bull Pot Farm, Yorkshire Dales Caving club and accommodation available to all     ");
array_files[18]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/grants.html","2012-01-31","16K","Clubs & groups    ","",""," Clubs & groups Grants and Awards Website links will open in a new window Cavers and clubs are able to apply for grants or other support for caving-related projects from a wide range of organisations. The list here is intended to raise awareness of these; all are known to have supported caving ventures in the past, or have specifically confirmed that caving as a sport is eligible. Please note that this list does not include short-term or one-off competitions or schemes; rather, it represents organisations which have shown a long-term commitment, most usually with annual awards, and has a UK bias. The various annual awards presented to cavers to promote excellence are also included. Caving-specific awards and grants ALEX PITCHER AWARD An award granted by the Ghar Parau Foundation to young cavers to help finance their participation in their first expedition, in memory of Alex Pitcher. ARTHUR BUTCHER AWARD An award presented annually by BCRA for excellence in cave surveying, in memory of Arthur Butcher, conferring a cash prize of £100 and a Miners Dial Trophy to be held for one year. This is considered to be one of the UKs top annual caving awards that recognise excellence in a specific field of caving endeavour. CAVE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH INITIATIVE A BCRA initiative to support science and technology research projects involving caving, in particular (but not limited to) the fields of archaeology/palaeontology, biology, speleogenesis and technology. GHAR PARAU FOUNDATION A caving charity supporting expeditions, with two rounds of awards made each year, in February and September. Support is given to expedition teams from the foundations own resources and, in addition, recommendations for fund allocation are made for BCA monies. The foundation also supports young cavers with the Alex Pitcher Award. The foundation may put forward some expeditions which take place at altitude for consideration by the Mount Everest Foundation; this may confer support by name or, more rarely, financial support in recognition of the special nature of such expeditions. Applications from caving expeditions are not made direct to the MEF. GILES BARKER AWARD An award recognising excellence in, and promoting improvement of, any aspect of cave photography and funded by the Morgannwg CC and Red Rose CPC in memory of Giles Barker. Final decisions and the presentation are normally made at the annual Hidden Earth conference. The prestigious award is a piece of artwork, currently created by Ceris Jones, that is retained by the winner. This is considered to be one of the UKs top annual caving awards that recognise excellence in a specific field of caving endeavour. HITCH N HIKE CAVE EXPLORATION PRIZE Hitch n Hike offers a prize of one metre of rope per metre of new cave discovered in the Peak District within a calendar year, up to a maximum of 200m; there are two awards, for diving and non-diving explorations. JRATS DIGGING AWARD An award going to the club or group that discovers and surveys the most cave passage on Mendip within a year, being presented at the Hunters Lodge Inn in memory of Tony J-Rat Jarratt on the weekend closest to his birthday. The competition runs from 1 November to 31 October; the winners name is engraved on the trophy, which hangs in the pub. TRATMAN AWARD An award recognising excellence in, and promoting improvement of, UK-linked caving publications. It is funded by the Ghar Parau Foundation, but is judged by a panel of three independent cavers. The prestigious prize is a piece of artwork, currently created by Mark Gonzo Lumley, that is retained by the winner. This is considered to be one of the UKs top annual caving awards that recognise excellence in a specific field of caving endeavour. An article on the award appeared in Descent (219). UK CAVE CONSERVATION EMERGENCY FUND A charitable fund administered by BCRA to support emergencies linked with cave conservation. Funding is often in the form of a loan, but grants may also be available. YOUNG RESEARCHER OF THE YEAR AWARD A single award of £500 granted annually by BCRA to the most exciting research project completed by a young person in that year. General awards and grants LYON EXPEDITION AWARD Lyon Equipment offers an annual award, with a closing date in December, in support of expeditions; caving has benefited from this award many times in the past. Support may be in the form of equipment. ROLEX AWARDS FOR ENTERPRISE Rolex Awards are open to any individual undertaking an exceptional project involving a spirit of enterprise, originality and potential impact in the fields of science, technology, exploration, environmental conservation or cultural heritage. Separate awards are made for young people. WELSH SPORTS ASSOCIATION OVERSEAS EXPEDITION GRANTS The Welsh Sports Association offers grants to support overseas expeditions; specifically mentioned are caving and cave diving. Applicants/expeditions must have a link to Wales to gain an award, which must be applied for by the end of the year preceding the trip. WHITLEY FUND FOR NATURE A charity making substantial awards to individuals who demonstrate they have a sustainable project that involves nature conservation and people; support may extend beyond the initial award. Projects must not be in high income countries; the UK is excluded. Applications must be made by the end of October each year. Substantial support went to a caving project in 2011; see Descent (220) for further information. WILDERNESS AWARD A Bristol-based lecture series which offers an annual cash award to a UK resident in return for a lecture upon the successful applicants return. The closing date for applications is the end of November each year. WINSTON CHURCHILL MEMORIAL TRUST The trust offers a number of Travelling Fellowships for individuals, funding travel and other costs for projects typically lasting between four and eight weeks. A selection of themed categories are offered annually. The closing date for applications is the beginning of October each year.     ");
array_files[19]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/index.html","2012-01-31","17K","Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","Descent, magazine, Wild Places Publishing, UK, Britain, caves and caving, cave, caving, caves, exploration, book, books, speleology, underground, adventure, sport, activity, action, sports, descentmagazine.co.uk, speleology.co.uk     ","Wild Places Publishing produces Descent magazine and specialist books on the subject of caves, caving and underground exploration     "," Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Welcome to Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Wild Places Publishing produces specialist caving publications, perhaps the best known being Descent magazine. In these pages you will find more about Descent as well as our other books and products, in addition to any late news received after the magazine went to print. Descent is now in full colour. Complete author and survey indexes are now online and searchable The current issue is: Descent (224) for February/March 2012 and is a Three Counties System special edition Features The Final Piece of the Jigsaw The search has been long, not to mention the amount of effort that has been expended. Tim Allen covers the story of how the connection across Three Counties was finally made. Memories of Lyle The key place to dig in Lost John’s Cave turned out to be a side passage in Lyle Cavern High Level Series. Tony Waltham remembers how it was found, over three decades ago. The Essence of Digging If you’re a digger, you know what it’s like. For the rest, this is a real treat: a description of working in mud slurry and loose rocks that brings home a feeling of being there. The True Length Unravelled How long is the Three Counties System? Only the linked caves, mind; not how long it has the potential to be! Typical published lengths are between 75km to over 100km – but read on for a full analysis and the definitive answer. Into the Darkness In cave biology circles, Romania’s Movile Cave holds something akin to cult status, given its isolated, evolutionary unique ecosystem. Yet little has ever been reported of the cave itself, of what a trip there entails and just how restricted access remains today. Handlines for Free Rope testing reveals much about how our SRT systems fare underground. Now, a new experiment into the survival rate of handlines is coupled with a request to help place some samples. How Many Teams Fit into a Hole? Holding a joint rescue exercise is not unusual, but Midlands CRO took the principle to an extreme then even had to deal with a real callout, to boot. The Wet West Adventure With no open access, exploration in Glebe Mine’s natural passages has been limited. Yet, three decades ago work was begun that was only recently quietly continued. The Descent Competitions Three competitions closed at the end of 2011, so now is the time to see whether you have a prize coming your way, or perhaps simply to laugh at the captions that only cavers could think up. Cover: Serena Povia in Wretched Rabbit, Ease Gill Caverns. Photo: Mark Shinwell Back cover rollover: Andy Kuszyk admiring the Blue Greenies, and the campsite at the Restaurant at the End of the Universe, Daren Cilau. Photos: Rob Eavis Descent: The magazine of underground exploration This site is copyright © 2009-2012 Wild Places Publishing | Contact | Terms of Use | Privacy policy | Sitemap     ");
array_files[20]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/","2012-01-31","17K","Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","Descent, magazine, Wild Places Publishing, UK, Britain, caves and caving, cave, caving, caves, exploration, book, books, speleology, underground, adventure, sport, activity, action, sports, descentmagazine.co.uk, speleology.co.uk     ","Wild Places Publishing produces Descent magazine and specialist books on the subject of caves, caving and underground exploration     "," Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Welcome to Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Wild Places Publishing produces specialist caving publications, perhaps the best known being Descent magazine. In these pages you will find more about Descent as well as our other books and products, in addition to any late news received after the magazine went to print. Descent is now in full colour. Complete author and survey indexes are now online and searchable The current issue is: Descent (224) for February/March 2012 and is a Three Counties System special edition Features The Final Piece of the Jigsaw The search has been long, not to mention the amount of effort that has been expended. Tim Allen covers the story of how the connection across Three Counties was finally made. Memories of Lyle The key place to dig in Lost John’s Cave turned out to be a side passage in Lyle Cavern High Level Series. Tony Waltham remembers how it was found, over three decades ago. The Essence of Digging If you’re a digger, you know what it’s like. For the rest, this is a real treat: a description of working in mud slurry and loose rocks that brings home a feeling of being there. The True Length Unravelled How long is the Three Counties System? Only the linked caves, mind; not how long it has the potential to be! Typical published lengths are between 75km to over 100km – but read on for a full analysis and the definitive answer. Into the Darkness In cave biology circles, Romania’s Movile Cave holds something akin to cult status, given its isolated, evolutionary unique ecosystem. Yet little has ever been reported of the cave itself, of what a trip there entails and just how restricted access remains today. Handlines for Free Rope testing reveals much about how our SRT systems fare underground. Now, a new experiment into the survival rate of handlines is coupled with a request to help place some samples. How Many Teams Fit into a Hole? Holding a joint rescue exercise is not unusual, but Midlands CRO took the principle to an extreme then even had to deal with a real callout, to boot. The Wet West Adventure With no open access, exploration in Glebe Mine’s natural passages has been limited. Yet, three decades ago work was begun that was only recently quietly continued. The Descent Competitions Three competitions closed at the end of 2011, so now is the time to see whether you have a prize coming your way, or perhaps simply to laugh at the captions that only cavers could think up. Cover: Serena Povia in Wretched Rabbit, Ease Gill Caverns. Photo: Mark Shinwell Back cover rollover: Andy Kuszyk admiring the Blue Greenies, and the campsite at the Restaurant at the End of the Universe, Daren Cilau. Photos: Rob Eavis Descent: The magazine of underground exploration This site is copyright © 2009-2012 Wild Places Publishing | Contact | Terms of Use | Privacy policy | Sitemap     ");
array_files[21]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/extralinks.html","2012-01-31","10K","Additional links    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Additional links Additional Links Copyright and competitions The Artists Bill of Rights stands for fairness in competition rules, including those in caving: Wild Places as well as the Hidden Earth and NSS competitions are signed up in support UK Geology British Geological Survey Investigate OpenGeoscience for geology maps of the UK UK Weather The Met Office The Mountain Weather section covers most national parks containing caves: regional reports may be selected The Environment Agency The Envornment Agency maintains an interactive map of its water level monitoring stations, which shows levels in rivers and around the coast of England and Wales – a useful facility to check on local caving conditions The Cave Diving Group reports on cave diving conditions BACK     ");
array_files[22]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/emailform.html","2012-01-31","10K","E-mail form    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," E-mail form E-mail Wild Places Publishing labelName: label Please fill in your full name labelE-mail: label Please fill in your e-mail addressInvalid format: please correct your address labelComment: label Message? label labelAll fields are required Any personal information you supply here, such as your e-mail address or any content, will not be disclosed to any other party     ");
array_files[23]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent.html","2012-01-31","12K","Descent information    ","",""," Descent information Descent: Subscriptions and information Descent Descent is the magazine of underground exploration. Published by Wild Places Publishing in the UK, it serves cavers and mine exploration enthusiasts with the best articles to be found anywhere in print plus the latest news and readers views and opinions. Current editions are 40 pages in extent (a few are 44 or 48 pages, for example special issues such as 100, 121, 200, 215 and 217) and printed on paper manufactured from a sustainable source. The magazines ISSN is: 0046-0036. For those seeking information about the history of Descent, a record of past handbooks and yearbooks is linked from the back issues page (click HERE). The background to the development of Descent and Wild Places Publishing is covered on the About page. Librarians and researchers may wish to note that Descent has never been allocated volume numbers (only issue numbers); references by some publications have incorrectly attributed volumes to the magazine. As an aid to brevity, although Descent is bimonthly, often only the first month of publication is referenced. An example would be: Descent (211), December 2009 (as well as including author, title of article or report, and page numbers as appropriate). We have a standard format for credits when permission is granted to reproduce any material from Descent either in print or on the web – please ask for permission to reuse copyright material before you do so. In general, in keeping with the primary focus being the paper publication, no content from Descent is generally available on the web. Subscriptions Subscription information for UK and Worldwide destinations Binders Binders for your copies of Descent Back issues Available back issues Indexes Details of the published indexes to Descent The Descent Adopt-a-Cave Scheme Information on the Descent Adopt-a-Cave conservation scheme with a list of caves and clubs involved Stockists All the Descent stockists Correspondents Contact information for Descent correspondents Contributors Notes for contributors to Descent Abbreviations Abbreviations used in current and past editions of Descent     ");
array_files[24]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/correspondents.html","2012-01-31","13K","Descent correspondents    ","",""," Descent correspondents Descent Correspondents Descent relies upon you, the cavers who make discoveries whether underground or in a library, for its content: your magazine is written by cavers, produced by cavers, for cavers. You are its lifeblood. The following cavers have volunteered to help by supplying news on a regional basis. If you have a piece of news or an idea for an article, please get in touch with one of them or, if you prefer, contact the editor direct (see the contacts page). To minimise spam, the following e-mail addresses are obfuscated. GB AND IRISH CORRESPONDENTS FOREST OF DEAN John Elliott, 2 Rose Cottage, Farm Rd, Ruardean Woodside, Ruardean GL17 9XL 01594 543881 IRELAND John Kelly, Gortnacally, Florence Court, Enniskillen, Co. Fermanagh BT92 1AA 028 6634 8992 MENDIP Stu Gardiner, 3 Old Mills Lane, Paulton, Bristol BS39 7ST 01761 416629 MINES AND MINING Chris Jones, 2 Mount Zion, Brownbirks St, Cornholme, Todmorden OL14 8PG 01706 819248 NORTHERN ENGLAND Elaine Hill, 14 Townhead Way, Settle BD24 9RG 01729 825765 PEAK DISTRICT John Beck, Glebe Cottage, The Hillock, Eyam, Hope Valley, Derbyshire S32 5RB 01433 631732 SCOTLAND Alan Jeffreys, 8 Scone Gardens, Edinburgh EH8 7DQ 0131 661 1123 SOUTH WEST ENGLAND Peter Glanvill, The Gables, Touchstone Close, Chard, Somerset TA20 1QZ 01460 64262 WALES Martyn Farr, Ty-Gardd, Llangattock, Crickhowell, Powys NP8 1PH 01873 811085; martyn [at] farrworld.co.uk INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENTS ASIA Erin Lynch, Western Kentucky Uni, Dept Geography & Geology, 1906 College Heights Blvd #31066, Bowling Green, KY 42101-1066, USA AUSTRIA Theo Pfarr, Quellenstrasse 103/9, A-1100 Wien, Austria CANADA Adrian Duncan, 3027 Armada St, Coquitlam, BC, Canada V3C 3S4 MEXICO Nancy Pistole, 4105 Lowell Ave, La Crescenta, CA 91214-2356, USA (818) 353-8650     ");
array_files[25]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/contributors.html","2012-01-31","15K","Guidelines for contributors    ","",""," Guidelines for contributors Guidelines for Contributors If you are considering contributing to Descent, please read the following notes. All material relating to caves, mines and the world underground is welcomed by Descent. New contributors are encouraged to discuss their ideas for suitability and style of submission. Permission for reproduction is the sole responsibility of the contributor, whether the copyright holder or not: please ask permission before submitting other peoples material and respect their copyright. Articles: Please print on one side of the paper. If writing by hand, print all names and dates. Include the fullname (rather than an abbreviation) of caving clubs and the full name at least once of any person otherwise referred to only by first name or nickname. Please supply your name and address, even if there is no material to return (including letters for publication and, in particular, if submitting material by e-mail). Most submissions are likely to be made by e-mail; please remember that you should not embed images in the text but send these as separate files. Short reports for news pages are always welcome while longer articles normally have a word limit of up to 2,000 words, but please discuss this with the editor if in doubt or you feel a need to exceed this. Surveys: Labels can be typeset onto a drawing or survey by Descent, but the illustration should be in ink and suitable for reproduction. Ensure surveys have a north arrow, scale (not ratio), a correct entrance grid reference and credits. Surveys will probably be reduced in size and the line thickness must permit this or the survey will have to be redrawn. If in doubt, much time can be saved by contacting the editor before drawing a survey specially for Descent or sending it by e-mail (do not jpg the survey as this can destroy fine lines). Illustrator (.ai) files, or those which will import correctly into Illustrator, are ideal formats for surveys. Maps: Area maps sometimes accompany articles, for example to show the hydrology or geology of an area, or precise locations of cave entrances. There are copyright issues if sketch maps are based on on Ordnance Survey mapping, so please contact the editor for advice when submitting UK-based area maps: it is your responsibility to satisfy copyright requirements. Photographs: Descent requires top-class colour material for cover and internal use. Colour prints, colour negatives and colour slides can all be used, though digital files (usually as a jpg from a digital camera) are preferred. In all cases please ensure that the photographer’s name is credited and full captions are supplied, which should include names in full of the cave, passage or area, and any cavers who are identifiable in the image. Do not send glass-mounted slides as these are frequently damaged in the post. If required, photographs can usually be scanned and quickly returned. File supply: Submissions by e-mail or on CD or DVD are greatly appreciated; please check with the editor for the suitability of specific word processor files, but Word, RTF and ASCII formats are all accepted (the system is PC-based so if supplying from a Mac, please ensure cross-platform readability is maintained). A print-off is essential to identify potential loss of italics, superscripts or other formatting when the material is imported (if submitting by e-mail or plain text, please note any such ‘special’ format or character). Large graphics files: If scanned to a suitable specification in .tif format (please check with the editor for specifications), large files that cannot be compressed for e-mail or ftp transmission can be accepted on CD or DVD. By using compression methods other than .jpg many large files can be sent electronically, even so. Surveys and diagrams saved as .ai, .cdr, .tif, .eps (only with fonts converted to paths) and some other formats are welcome, but check with the editor for resolutions and program/format versions to use before despatch. Digital files from ‘mass market’ compact cameras may not contain sufficient data for publication but low compression/high quality .jpg files from 3 megapixel cameras or better should just be suitable for small sizes of reproduction, but realistically a 6 megapixel camera or better is required. Images taken on a mobile phone may not be suitable given the amount of noise they generally contain. There are increasing problems with .tif and .jpg files being submitted that have been incorrectly prepared or overcompressed and rendered useless for reproduction in Descent, in particular surveys (where the resolution is too low for printing or the jpg compression has destroyed fine lines). There are also limitations when using ‘screen captures’ from surveying or other computer programs. In all cases where there is any doubt, please check with the editor before preparing or submitting such files. Information on preparing artwork for advertisements appears HERE; much of this also applies to all image preparation, for those cavers interesting in learning more about preparing photographs for print. E-mail: E-mail enquiries and submissions are welcome, but please do not submit large attachments such as photographs without having made an initial enquiry, otherwise large files may be refused. Every possible care is taken of all material submitted, but no responsibility can be accepted for loss or damage. Please make sure you enclose your name and address with any submission, as well as a stamped SAE for anything you wish returned. You should make it clear if the same or similar material has been published or is being submitted to any other magazine, or if it appears in substantially the same form on a website, which may affect its acceptance by Descent. All material submitted is subject to editing to house style and to suit available space.     ");
array_files[26]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/clubs.html","2012-01-31","24K","Clubs & groups    ","",""," Clubs & groups Clubs & Groups Website links will open in a new window National organisations ASSOCIATION OF CAVING INSTRUCTORS ASSOCIATION OF SCOUT CAVING TEAMS BRITISH CAVE RESCUE COUNCIL BRITISH CAVE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION BRITISH CAVING ASSOCIATION CAVE DIVING GROUP COUNCIL OF HIGHER EDUCATION CAVING CLUBS GHAR PARAU FOUNDATION NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MINING HISTORY ORGANISATIONS SPELEOLOGICAL UNION OF IRELAND TRY CAVING International organisations EUROPEAN SPELEOLOGICAL FEDERATION (Fédération Spéléologique Européenne) INTERNATIONAL UNION OF SPELEOLOGY (UIS) Regional organisations CAMBRIAN CAVING COUNCIL COUNCIL OF NORTHERN CAVING CLUBS COUNCIL OF SOUTHERN CAVING CLUBS DERBYSHIRE CAVING ASSOCIATION DEVON & CORNWALL UNDERGROUND COUNCIL Local access bodies DAN YR OGOF CAVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE Access to the passages beyond Dan yr Ogof and Cathedral Cave showcaves. PWLL DU CAVE MANAGEMENT GROUP Ogof Draenen care and management group, representing the landowner on behalf of cavers. Specialist sites ADITNOW The leading independent website for mine exploration and historical research in the UK. You just wouldnt believe the wealth of information available here, from photos to old documents. BRITISH CAVING LIBRARY The national caving research and reference library based in the Peak District, with a searchable database and an audio archive. CAMBRIAN CAVE REGISTRY A searchable database of Welsh caves. IRISH CAVE DATABASE Database of caves in the Republic of Ireland. MATIENZO CAVES An incredible wealth of data concerning the Matienzo region of Spain, covering all the expeditions, with loads of surveys and photos. MENDIP CAVE REGISTRY & ARCHIVE Data and photographs on caves and mines in the Somerset and Wiltshire area. NORTHERN SSSI CAVE CONSERVATION MONITORING SCHEME A joint project between northern cavers and Natural England to monitor and care for caves within SSSI boundaries in the CNCC region. OGOF DRAENEN Source data for the Ogof Draenen survey, based on Survex. OGOF FFYNNON DDU A superb interactive site devoted to the classic Welsh cave of Ogof Ffynnon Ddu: take a virtual tour through its well known and little visited passages. PEAK DISTRICT SSSI CAVE CONSERVATION MONITORING SCHEME A joint project between Derbyshire Caving Association and Natural England to monitor and care for caves within SSSI boundaries the Peak District region. PEAK SPEEDWELL SYSTEM From surveys to access information on the caves of this incredible system in Derbyshire, encompassing Peak Cavern, Speedwell Cavern, Titan and James Halls Over Engine Mine, an amazing amount of data can be found here. SOUTH WALES CAVES Brendan Marris site photographically documenting the caves of South Wales on Google maps. WILD PLACES PHOTOGRAPHY Our sister site featuring photography by Chris Howes. Clubs Standard abbreviations are aa (all abilities) and nmw (new members welcome). Please stay in contact – the final number corresponds to the issue of Descent with the most recent update. To add your club link, please check the details in Descent and that your club website links to Descent have been updated from the old Caving.UK address to www.wildplaces.co.uk, and send us a request. BIRMINGHAM CAVE & CRAG Welcomes new faces, aa. Friendly club, reg. UK trips and overseas. Meets 3rd Wed of month, 9pm, The Globe, 35 Blews Street, Birmingham B6 4HN. (219) BRACKNELL DISTRICT CC Friendly group meets every Thur, 9pm, Jack of Newbury, Binfield. aa welcome. Regular UK trips; overseas trips, Yorks weeks, SRT. (204) BRADFORD PC Visitors welcome at Brackenbottom, Horton-in-Ribblesdale. Traditional Dales longhouse: kitchen, changing & drying rooms, hot showers, bunkrooms, nr pub. (217) CHEDDAR CC Friendly club, nmw, aa. Trips locally and further afield. Meetings 3rd Sun of month, Kings Head, Cheddar. (214) CHESTERFIELD CC Friendly club, nmw (18+), aa. Meets 8.30pm 1st Tue of month, The Market, New Square, Chesterfield. (223) CRAVEN PC Yorks Dales. Freq. club trips, camping, walking, overseas expeditions, club accom., aa welcome. (207) CROYDON CC Friendly, active London-based, cottage in Ystradfellte, S. Wales, reg. trips. Meets 9pm 1st Thur of month, Plough & Harrow, King St, Hammersmith. (202) DEVON SS Friendly club, Buckfastleigh near caves, pubs and shops. Two dorms sleep 12 & 4. Changing area, showers, drying room. £4.50/night. Meets Weds for caving or social (9pm, Welcome Inn, Haven Banks, Exeter); see website for details. (217) DUDLEY CC Meets 8.30pm every Thur, Ruiton Mill, Vale St, Upper Gornal, Dudley. Reg. trips, all areas. (207) EARBY PC Friendly, north-west England-based club, meets Wed, 9.30pm, Golden Ball, Colne, and usually on the last Sat evening of the month at the New Inn, Clapham. (218) GAY OUTDOOR CLUB Monthly trips, all levels; expeditions, mountaineering, climbing, walking, nmw. (220) GLOUCESTER SS Small, friendly, sociable club. Active digging/exploring caves and mines, Forest of Dean and wider afield, all welcome. (176) LINCOLN CC (LSCC) Est. 1983, Nmw, full training/eqpt provided, trips all regions/overseas. Meets 2nd Sun, 8pm, The Victoria, Union Rd, Lincoln. (210) MASSON CG Nmw (18+), aa. Cave and mine exploration, UK and abroad. Active, friendly club. Training and basic kit provided. (207) MENDIP CG Long established, excellent accommodation, tackle & cave access. Nmw, aa. (209) MORGANNWG CC Founded in 1984, meets every Wed in Cardiff. (219) MORLEY PC Friendly, well-established Leeds/West Yorkshire-based club, CNCC affil., nmw, aa, training provided. Meets 1st Tue of month, 9pm, Commercial Inn, Churwell, Morley. (181) NEWBURY & DISTRICT CC Small, friendly club meets 8pm 1st Thur of month, Royal Oak, Ecchinswell. Trips to Mendip & S. Wales, occ. further afield, nmw, any level. (219) NOTTINGHAM & LEICESTER LOST WORLD CC Small, friendly club. Monthly trips to Derbyshire, Mendip, South Wales and Yorkshire Dales. E-mail Andrew Hitchcock. (221) OXFORD UNIVERSITY CC Long established, offers members training and chance for UK exploration and joining overseas expeditions, aa. (212) RED ROSE CPC Bull Pot Farm in the Yorkshire Dales: ideal for caving on Leck and Casterton Fells. Groups of 12 at weekends, more midweek, are welcome. (211) ROYAL FOREST OF DEAN CC Meets 8.30pm first Mon of month (9.30pm Weds after caving), The Rising Sun, Moseley Green, nr Parkend. Digging, away trips, aa, nmw. (200) SOUTH WALES CC Meets every w/e in own cottage, Swansea Valley: reg UK/foreign trips, nmw, aa. (185) SPELEO VERCORS UK-based club specialising in caving in the Vercors, France. (214) THURSDAY NIGHT CLUB Yorkshire cave photographers meets 4.30pm every Thurs during winter, Devils Bridge, Kirkby Lonsdale. (218) WAYA CC inc. ISG Based Surrey/Hamps border & Mendip, nmw, aa. Meets monthly. (216) WEALDEN CMS South-east based active, friendly club, aa welcome. Meets 1st Wed of month, 9.30pm, Railway Arms, Merstham, Surrey. Mendip bunkhouse and superb new cottage in South Wales. (218) WESSEX CC Heart of Mendip nr Eastwater, 10 min walk to Hunters. Large bunkroom, 2 dorms sleep 32 & 12. Excellent cooking facilities, hot showers. (220) WESTMINSTER SG Active, London-based club; cottage in S. Wales. Nmw, aa. Pub meets 1st & 3rd Tue of month, central London. (202) YORK CC Friendly, informal group of young, enthusiastic cavers. Reg. day trips, w/e away & digging. Nmw of all ages with some experience. (213) YORKSHIRE SUBTERRANEAN SOCIETY Friendly club with regular meets twice/month in Yorks & other areas + expeditions & Try Caving. Some of the best accommodation in the Dales at Helwith Bridge, sleeps 40: drying room, central heating, big kitchen. (224)     ");
array_files[27]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/contact.html","2012-01-31","10K","Contact Wild Places Publishing    ","",""," Contact Wild Places Publishing Contact us Editorial Chris Howes (editor) Judith Calford (assistant editor) Address Wild Places Publishing PO Box 100 Abergavenny NP7 9WY UK   E-mail Click HERE to e-mail us Web www.wildplaces.co.uk Telephone +44 (0)1873 737707 Advertising Alan Jones / Hillside Media No Spam Or contact the editorial office; further information on advertising appears HERE Descent Correspondents Contact information for the regional correspondents who gather news for Descent appears HERE or to pass on news or propose an article, contact the editor direct using the e-mail link above E-mail addresses are encoded to avoid spam     ");
array_files[28]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/cavinginfo.html","2012-01-31","10K","Caving information    ","",""," Caving information Caving Information This page includes links to caving clubs, groups and businesses as well as general information about caving in the UK: Adopt-a-Cave Details about the Descent Adopt-a-Cave Scheme in the UK, with a list of current participants Caving clubs and groups Details about caving organisations, specialist groups and caving clubs with links to their websites Caving equipment and services Links to caving-related businesses that support Descent Caving grants and awards Links and the background to the many grants and awards that exist to support caving in the UK Search Descent Search Descent for references to authors, surveys and articles Showcaves Links to showcaves and mines in the UK and Ireland that are open to tourists Translations Translations of cave and associated words Tratman Award Details of the Tratman Award results since 1979, with the latest winners and rules     ");
array_files[29]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/billofrights.html","2012-01-31","12K","Artists Bill of Rights    ","",""," Artists Bill of Rights Bill of Rights From the moment that anyone creates anything – writes a story, take a photograph, draws or paints or produces music – that person enjoys rights in that creation. This includes copyright, so often misquoted as to what it stands for. In essence, the words you craft, the photographs you make, are your copyright and you have the right to control copies made of them. Its an inherent right – you do not have to register your work or stake a claim: it is intrinsically yours for the term of copyright. In the UK, this term extends for 75 years from the end of the year in which you die, so that your descendents may benefit from your work. In the meantime, you can choose to negate your copyright and place it in the public domain with or without restrictions, or sell it or give it away but, unless you do one of these things, nobody can take away your copyright without your knowledge or say-so. However, some organisations and individuals would like for nothing better than to remove those rights, essentially so that they can enjoy a free ride and benefit from your creative work, without offering recompense. To take one example, you might enter a photographic competition and not read the small print that says that the act of entering gives the organiser extensive rights to your pictures. You might still own the copyright, but that free ride just started, in perpetuity. And you agreed to it when you entered the competition. Such things are generically called rights grabs – you have lost some or all control of your work and someone else can now benefit. No matter that the competition might have awarded a prize (on average, probably to someone else), you are on the losing end of this transaction. In short: you own something of value in copyright and, all too often, other people and organisations would like to have it. For free. When they are successful, it hardly seems that their actions were ethical ... Step back one moment and consider: why is a rights grab – conditions applied to your work which assign rights to the organiser beyond those required for the competition itself – buried in the small print? Perhaps because if the meaning was more up front nobody would enter at all ... Of course, you can still choose to enter after understanding what a rights grab is and whether it applies, which will always be your right. You should hopefully, though, want to understand what is at stake. Plus – wouldnt it be better if due respect was shown to entrants in the first place? Herewith is the Artists Bill of Rights. The Artists Bill of Rights is a voluntary organisation set up to establish ethical rules that competition organisers should follow, in order to respect the creative people who are asked to enter. There is no need for organisers to claim copyright or excessive use of your pictures or text in order for the competition to run, and if they do so it is time for you to run away. Quickly. The Bill also exists to highlight and increase awareness of these issues; it is both needed for this purpose and is showing some success. Do not think that these are minor issues: big business is involved, as you will see if you visit the Bills website. Past transgressors include Nikon, various UK newspapers including the Guardian, the National Trust and many more prominent names. The Bill of Rights highlights organisers that act unethically in a Rights Off list, while praising those that show respect to the creative people they represent: Rights On. It also lists organisations and companies which support the ethics of the Bill, and Wild Places is proud to have met the criteria and be credited on the site. The Artists Bill of Rights was created to serve you, the creator of new works; the time it takes to read the information on the site, so that you know what to watch out for in the small print, is time well spent. And perhaps you could persuade your employer or organisation to sign up in support. Spread the word; it benefits us all. Back to top     ");
array_files[30]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/calendar.html","2012-01-31","10K","Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine UK & Ireland Calendar International Calendar This calendar supports the information published in Descent. Clubs and organisations are invited to advertise future events that are open to visitors: make CONTACT HERE. Remember that dates and events can change: check with the organisers for the latest information.     ");
array_files[31]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/authorindex.html","2012-01-31","14K","Author index    ","",""," Author index Author Index Issues (1) to Current The author index is based in part on the published indexes, currently completed to issue (133). This work has been extended and entries amalgamated in this online version. As well as providing an alphabetical listing of authors, it also offers, via the search facility, an ideal way to locate many of the major entries to cave names and equipment covered by gear reviews as well as obituaries and expeditions. Only references to major articles appear here – that is, articles that were listed on the contents page (plus, in some instances, larger reports in the news sections). The published indexes extend to all authors supplying even short news reports and letters, which are not included here. References are provided in the form of issue number, date and page(s). Handbooks are designated H and numbered for convenience (click here for further information on handbooks and yearbooks). Multiple authors (generally up to three) are entered with all names recorded as double or triple entries. Where more than three authors are involved, these are recorded under the first alphabetical author and marked et al (in some instances, all authors are included in this manner). Any work of this scope is unlikely to be perfect: please let us know about any corrections that are required. If you are ordering a back issue to obtain a specific article, please double check the article title with the information on the relevant back issue page before placing your order; these are linked from each issue number. However, as some major news reports have also been included in this online index, not all references will appear on the contents page (this will usually be made evident by the low page number, as most news pages appear before p20 in the magazine). A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y-Z To search the complete website, including the author index, use the SEARCH facility. Compiling this index has taken a great deal of time and it is made freely available for readers use. Please respect the copyrights involved in this website and the content in Descent detailed here.     ");
array_files[32]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/advertising.html","2012-01-31","13K","Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Advertising Descent is uniquely placed to reach outdoor enthusiasts that other magazines may not; cavers can be single-minded and Descent is perfect to inform them of your latest product, an outdoor shop selling caving kit or even sources of more general things that cavers use such as tents and walking boots. Then there are places to stay and places to eat and drink ... Descent carries colour advertisements based on areas of an eighth, quarter, half and full page. Full specifications appear below for anyone supplying a ready-made advertisement. Alternatively, Descent offers a free design service for adverts appearing in its pages; please contact us for advice. We can also carry inserts if you have ready-printed material you would like to distribute (or we can arrange for it to be printed for you), and that means anything from an A5 sheet of paper to a brochure or mouse mat. In addition, the classified page (aptly, better known as Calcified Ads) is open to all. Prices here are based on the number of words for text entries, or by area for boxed ads. This has always proved a popular page for small adverts for clubs – and the best part is that there is no charge for lost and found entries, nor for clubs advertising accommodation or meeting places to attract new members (commercial adverts bear a nominal charge). Space is limited, so we may edit your entry to keep more clubs on the page; with this in mind, please keep your requested entry short. Club entries may also appear on our clubs & groups page. So make contact with Wild Places Publishing if you would like to place an advert or check what is required; discounts are available for series of adverts. Advertisers supporting Descent appear on our links page. Artwork Requirements File: We accept the following file formats for advertisements: psd, tif, jpg and pdf (tif/jpg and pdf preferred). Content: If sending source files, please ensure that all images, graphics and fonts are included in collect for output or embedded within the file or, in the case of fonts, rendered to a bitmap or converted to curves. Please use low compression ratios for jpg preparation (no worse than Photoshop level 7) and, if relevant for the preparation format and particularly for pdf output, flatten to a single layer. Sizes (mm) based on A4 trimmed size (210 x 297) Eighth page 91 wide x 68 high Quarter 91 wide x 133 high Half 187 wide x 133 high (vertical format is 91mm wide and 270mm high; this format is accepted subject to layout considerations so please discuss your requirements) Full 210 wide x 297 high trimmed size: +3mm bleed required (size including trim: 216 wide x 303 high) Resolution: 300 ppi. Colour: CMYK. Any file supplied in RGB will be converted using the following ICC profile: ISO Coated V2 300% (ECI). Files supplied in other CMYK profiles will also be converted and if a file is received with no embedded profile it (or an appropriate RGB profile before conversion) will be assigned by default. If you lack this profile, both PC and Mac versions are contained within the zip file eci_offset_2009.zip downloadable from the ECI website (opens a new window). Please ensure that colours are within gamut for this profile if supplying an RGB file: responsibility rests with the supplier concerning any changes in colour due to this conversion (if required, please enquire for advice with this). As a matter of course we do not print Pantone or Hex colours or varnish, though these facilities may be offered by special arrangement. TAC: Total area coverage of 300% maximum in the darkest area (using the above profile as a final conversion step from RGB will maintain this requirement). If any requirement here is unclear or you would like advice or help in file preparation, do not hesitate to contact us.     ");
array_files[33]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/adoptacave.html","2012-01-31","19K","Adopt-a-Cave    ","",""," Adopt-a-Cave The Descent Adopt-a-Cave Scheme In 1977 Descent began a scheme to recognise and encourage the work of clubs and individuals in helping to preserve our underground environment. Today the Descent Adopt-a-Cave Scheme is more important than ever – without cavers maintaining our caves, our subterranean heritage would truly suffer. Joining the scheme does not confer any rights, it doesn’t help with access, but it does show that you care. To participate, drop a line to Descent – and, of course, let us know if your club is unable to continue its involvement. In the Peak District, Conservation Officer Dave Webb acts as our agent to encourage cavers to join in and is happy to talk to people about their participation. With thanks, from cavers everywhere. Afton Red Rift Cave – Devon SS Alum Pot – Ghyll Head OPC Attermire Cave – Craven College Aveline’s Hole – Uni West England Aygill Caverns – Gwynedd CPC Bagshawe Cavern – Eldon PC Baker’s Pit Cave – Plymouth CG Biddlecombe Caves – WAYA CC inc. ISG Black Shiver Pot – Hyperion Club Bridge Cave – West Sussex CC Brightgate Cave – Masson CG Bull Pot (Kingsdale) – Scarborough CC Bull Pot of the Witches – Manchester USC Cadeby Pot – Doncaster Hallcross Moles SC Calf Holes/Browgill Cave – Bronte UMS Carlswark Cavern – Darkside CMC Charterhouse Cave – Charterhouse Caving Company Chartist Cave – Crickhowell CG Cherry Tree Hole – York Uni CPC Chudleigh Caves – Devon SS Coral Cave – Axbridge CG Crackpot Cave – North of Tyne SA Crescent Pot – Durham Uni SA Critchlow Cave – Birmingham Cave & Crag Cuckoo Cleeves – Frome CG Dallimore’s Cave – Eagles CC Darfar Pot – Darfar PC Dow Cave – Com Rec Drunkard’s Hole – LADS CG East Twin Swallet – S Bristol SS Eastwater Cavern – Bristol EC Eldon Hole – Eldon PC Etches Cave (Upper Dove) – Iain Barker Excalibur Pot – York CPC Fairy Cave Quarry – Fairy Caves Man. Committee Flower Pot – Southampton UCC Foxes Hole – Charterhouse OEC G.B. Cave – Charterhouse Caving Company Gavel Pot – Kendal CC Giant’s Hole – Eldon PC Gibbets Brow Shaft – Shepton Mallet CC Goatchurch Cavern – S Bristol SS Goyden Pot – Bewerley Park COE Great Douk Cave – West Lancs Scouts CT Great Masson Cavern – Masson CG Hagg Gill Pot – Coventry UCS Heron Pot – Morley PC Higher Kiln Quarry Caves – Wm Pengelly CST Holme Bank Chert Mine – Stanley Head OEC Holwell Cavern – Yeovil College CG Hooe Lake Caves – Plymouth CG Hunters’ Hole – Andy Sparrow Ibbeth Peril System – Dent CPC Ireby Fell Cavern – Salford UCPC Jackdaw Hole – Uni Newcastle CC Jingling Pot (WK) – Army of Darkness CG Jubilee Cave – Craven College Kitley Caves – Yealmpton CC Ladyside Pot – Darfar PC Lancaster Hole – Red Rose CPC Langstroth Cave – Buckden House OEC Lathkill Head Cave – Birmingham Cave & Crag Lesser Garth Cave – Isca CMC Link Pot – Liverpool UPC Lionel’s Hole – Broad Pln/Woodside CC Little Douk Pot – West Lancs Scouts CT Little Neath RC – Croydon CC Llethrid Swallet – Welsh Scout CCG Llygad Llwchwr – Teifi Valley CG Long Churn Cave – Ghyll Head OPC Longwood/August – Mendip CG Lost John’s Cave – Rubber Duck CC Loxton Cave – Axbridge CG Main’s Barn, Priddy – Cotham CG and WAYA CC inc ISG Manchester Hole – Black Sheep Diggers Mangle Pot – South London Underground Soc Manor Farm Swallet – Exeter UCC Marble Steps Pot – Oxford UCC Maskhill Mine – Eldon PC Meregill Hole – Pendle CC Napps Cave – Bideford CCCC Near Cliff Wood Rift – Doncaster Hallcross Moles SC New Goyden Pot – UKTLF School Training Newby Moss Pot – Wolverhampton CC Nick Pot – Four Iron CC Notts Pot – W Midlands CEG Ogof Draenen – Morgannwg CC Ogof Fechan – Brighton EC Ogof Ffynnon Ddu – South Wales CC Ogof Hen Ffynhonau – North Wales CC Ogof Hesp Alyn – North Wales CC Ogof Llanymynech – Mid Wales CC Ogof Pen Eryr – Masons Arms CC Ogof Pwll Swnd – Hereford CC Old Ing Cave – Whitehough OEC Otter Hole – Gloucester SS, Hades CC and Royal Forest Dean CC Oxlow Cavern – Eldon PC P8 – Rubber Duck CC Pant Mawr Pot – Westminster SG Peak Cavern System – Technical SG Penyghent Pot – Bradford PC Pierre’s Pot – Bishop Fox’s School Pikedaw Calamine Caverns – Yorkshire SS Pinetree Pot – Mendip CG Pippikin Pot – Lancs CCC Porth yr Ogof – Croydon CC Pridhamsleigh Cavern – Devon SS Pulpit Hole – Kent UCC Pwll Dwfn – Gagendor CG Radford Cave – Plymouth CG Read’s Cavern – Bristol Assault Team Red Moss Pot – Burnley CC Redhouse Swallet – Gloucester SS Redhurst Swallet – Darfar PC Reed’s Cave – Wm Pengelly CST Rhino Rift – Charterhouse Caving Company Riverside Swallet – Darfar PC Rod’s Pot/Bath Swallet – SCG Rowten Pot – Fylde & Dist SS Rowter Hole – Sheffield USS Runscar Cave – Whitehough OEC St Cuthbert’s Swallet – Bristol EC St Dunstan’s Well Cave – Cerberus SS Sell Gill Hole – Granta Dist Scout CC Short Drop Cave – Kendal CC Shute Shelve Cavern – Axbridge CG Sidcot Swallet – Mendip OP Singing River Mine – Young Expl CG Skirwith Cave/Storr Common caves – Black Rose CC Slaughter Stream Cave – Royal Forest Dean CC Sleets Gill Cave – Cottingley CC Stoke Lane Slocker – Cerberus SS Stream Passage Pot – North-West PC Sunset Hole – Sheffield USS Swildon’s Dry Ways – Uni West England Swildon’s Hole – Wessex CC Tatham Wife Hole – Cambridge UCC Tearsall Pipe Caverns No. 2 – Masson CG Thistle Cave – Whitehough OEC Thrupe Lane Swallet – SCG Tyning’s Barrows Swallet – Portsmouth UCC Upper Flood Swallet – Mendip CG Valley Entrance (KMC) – David Young Community Academy Victoria Cave – Craven College Waterwheel Swallet – Cheddar CC West Kingsdale Master Cave – ULSA Yordas Cave – Uni Huddersfield CC Total: 150 sites have been adopted by 111 clubs Back to top     ");
array_files[34]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/about.html","2012-01-31","13K","About Wild Places Publishing    ","",""," About Wild Places Publishing About Descent and us Wild Places Publishing specialises in caving-related publications and was formed with book publication in mind. Its growth has, however, been closely linked with perhaps the best known of its publications, Descent magazine. Descent was launched as a small-format magazine in January 1969, price 2/6 (12.5p). Its first editor and publisher was Bruce Bedford – you can read the story of those early years in Descent (210) – under various publishing names: Descent Publications, The Mendip Press and eventually Mendip Publishing. The magazine gained its ISSN of 0046-0036 with issue (35) in 1977 and moved to an A4 format with issue (40) in 1979 In 1983 and with issue (55), Gloucester-based Ambit Publications took the reins as publisher. While Keith Creighton ran the publishing end of things, supported by Sue Dwyer who did the layout, Bruce remained as editor until issue (82) in 1988. Keith produced a single issue as interim editor, then Chris Howes began his tenure as a freelance editor with issue (84), from the beginning working alongside assistant editor Judith Calford. In 1997 the publisher changed to Gloster Publications (named for the Second World War aircraft, not the companys home town of Gloucester). In fact, this was still Ambit Publications, renamed while restructuring, which in turn led to the sale of Descent in 1998. Thus, the magazine came to Wild Places Publishing, at that time only recently set up by Chris and Judith to produce Images Below and other caving book titles. Things had come full circle: Descent began as a caver-owned production, became independently published, and is now again totally associated with cavers from the written content, editing and production to publication. In 2009 Chris and Judith were honoured with the Tratman Award for their production of Descent, with continuing innovation taking it to its 200th edition and beyond, and in recognition of the magazines contribution to speleology. This also seems a suitable place to mention some of the background to how Wild Places Publishing prepares Descent. There is virtually nothing that can be done or produced that does not impact the environment in some manner, but we can try to minimise those effects. The servers that host this website, for example, are powered by green energy – that is, electricity sourced from wind, water and sunlight – and if you order goods from us, dont be surprised if they turn up in reused packaging (it seems far better to recycle an old padded bag than put a new one in circulation!). With issue (215) in August 2010, Wild Places moved its production from Trafford Print in Doncaster (the company had printed Descent from the first issue under the Wild Places banner) to Cambrian Printers in Aberystwyth, and Descent began a new era as a full colour publication – perhaps the first caving magazine in English to take this step. Cambrian was chosen both for the quality of its printing and for its environmental record: the paper used for Descent comes from a sustainable and certified source and the magazine is printed using vegetable-based inks. These contain normal pigments, but the oil used as a carrier is made from sources such as soybean, corn or linseed oils and this means that the inks are more readily biodegradable than conventional ones that rely on mineral oils (and, not that any caver would wish to throw Descent away, the paper is more readily recyclable). Archivists and collecters need not worry: the longevity of the printed page is identical to before. Follow this link if you wish to learn more about Cambrian Printers. Descent is therefore only part of what Wild Places works on – take a look at our books in detail, for example. We take some pride in only presenting top quality products and have won awards for our publications, so rest assured that you cannot find finer. Please take some time to explore our website and let us know what you think. Back to top     ");
array_files[35]=new Array(0,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/abbreviations.html","2012-01-31","19K","Abbreviations    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Abbreviations Abbreviations used in Descent Descent uses standard abbreviations within articles. Some appear widely in print, while others are directly applicable to the caving world. Expansions of those terms are provided here for reference; though not all are still extant, they may appear in older editions of the magazine. aa all abilities [on the Calcified Ads page] ACI Association of Caving Instructors AONB Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty ASSI Area of Special Scientific Interest BACI British Association of Caving Instructors BCA British Caving Association BCRA British Cave Research Association BCRC British Cave Rescue Council BSA British Speleological Association BSAC British Sub Aqua Club CC Caving Club CCAG Cave Conservation and Access Group CCPR Central Council for Physical Recreation CG Caving Group CCC Cambrian Caving Council CCW Countryside Council for Wales CDG Cave Diving Group CHECC Council of Higher Education Caving Clubs CIC Cave Instructor Certificate CMAS Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques CMG Cave Management Group CNCC Council of Northern Caving Clubs CREG Cave Radio & Electronics Group CRG Cave Research Group CRO Cave Rescue Organisation CRT Cave Rescue Team CSCC Council of Southern Caving Clubs DCA Derbyshire Caving Association DCUC Devon and Cornwall Underground Council EH English Heritage EN English Nature [now Natural England] FEALC Federación Espeleológica de América Latina y el Caribe [Speleological Federation of Latin America and the Caribbean] FFS Fédération Française de Spéléologie FoD Forest of Dean FoDCCAG Forest of Dean Cave Conservation and Access Group FRA Fell Rescue Association FSE Fédération Spéléologique Européenne FSUE Fédération Spéléologique de lUnion Europenne [now FSE] GPF Ghar Parau Foundation GPS Global Positioning System HSE Health & Safety Executive ICRO Irish Cave Rescue Organisation IDO Interim Development Order ISSA International Society for Spelaeological Art LCMLA Local Cave/Mine Leader Assessment MCR Mendip Cave Rescue MLCMAC Mynydd Llangatwg Cave Management/Advisory Committee MRO Mendip Rescue Organisation [now Mendip Cave Rescue] NAMHO National Association of Mining History Organisations NCA National Caving Association NCC Nature Conservancy Council NGR National Grid Reference nmw new members welcome [on the Calcified Ads page] NP National Park NPA National Park Authority NSS National Speleological Society [of USA] PADI Professional Association of Diving Instructors PC Potholing Club PDCMG Pwll Du Cave Management Group PDO Potentially Damaging Operation [to an SSSI] PICA Peak Instructed Caving Affiliation RGS Royal Geographical Society RIGS Regionally Important Geological and Geomorphological Site RO Rescue Organisation SA Speleological Association SCW Sports Council for Wales SG Speleological Group SRT Single Rope Technique SS Speleological Society SSC Scottish Sports Council SSSI Site of Special Scientific Interest SUI Speleological Union of Ireland SUICRO Speleological Union of Ireland/Cave Rescue Organisation UCC University Caving Club UIAA Union Internationale des Associations dAlpinisme UIS Union Internationale de Spéléologie Uni University     ");
array_files[36]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/goods.html","2012-01-31","10K","Goods    ","",""," Goods Products Products available from Wild Places Publishing: click on the image for more information. All items are kept in stock and prices include postage to UK destinations. Underground Worlds A fine quality, A3 colour caving calendar for 2011 SOLD OUT On Three! An introduction to digital cave photography, on a CD Binders Bind your copies of Descent.     ");
array_files[37]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books.html","2012-01-31","13K","Books    ","",""," Books Books Books available from Wild Places Publishing: click on the image for more information. As with all our books and other items on sale, we only display goods that are in stock and with postage to UK destinations included. Cave Photography Images Below An award-winning manual of cave photography by Chris Howes, packed with advice on equipment and techniques. To Photograph Darkness Chris Howes companion volume to Images Below, covering the history and development of underground photography. On Three! John Charles Woods presents a manual on digital photography for the cave photographer, on a CD-ROM. Cave Diving Diving in Darkness A manual of cave diving – also covering diving below ice and in wrecks – by talented author and renowned cave diver Martyn Farr. Childrens Introduction to Caving Radical Sports: Caving Written for youngsters by Chris Howes, this is an ideal introduction to the sport of caving. Autobiography Its Only a Game The first in Jim Eyres two-part autobiography, Its Only a Game will make you roar with laughter as well as shudder at the pathos in Jims incredible life story. Absolutely not to be missed with anecdotes and tales from this master of the written word. The Game Goes On Jim Eyres continuing autobiography: what James Herriot is to vets, Jim Eyre is to cavers. This second half of his life story was completed and published shortly before his death. Verse In Sight of Light Text and verse by Ellis, mingled with an imaginative layout that turns words into art. Ina Books The Last Adventure and The Story of Priddy Published by Alan Thomas under the Ina Books imprint in 1989, these two titles are available as new and unread copies. Non-caving The Spice of Life The story of life – biodiversity and all it represents – by Chris Howes. Back to top     ");
array_files[38]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/thomasbooks.html","2012-01-31","11K","Ina Books    ","",""," Ina Books The Last Adventure and The Story of Priddy by Alan Thomas In 1989 Mendip caver Alan Thomas published two hardback books bearing the Ina Books imprint: The Last Adventure and The Story of Priddy. The Last Adventure concentrates on caving and includes chapters by the likes of Jack Sheppard, Oliver Wells and John Cordingley with an emphasis on cave diving exploration and discoveries beyond sumps. More specifically, chapters cover exploration in Swildons Hole, Wookey Hole, Porth yr Ogof, Leck Fell, Peak Cavern, the Midge Hole to Hurtle Pot connection and the Lost Cave of Cheddar. The Story of Priddy covers facets of the village near Swildon’s Hole and includes chapters on local lead mining, caving clubs and caves. As well as being nicely produced, any caver interested in cave exploration will find these fascinating documents and real collectors pieces. In addition, local historians and history societies will find much of value in, in particular, The Story of Priddy. Following Alan’s death, a number of brand new copies of both titles came to Wild Places Publishing and we are now pleased to be able to make these available for £5 each or £9 for the pair. The Last Adventure Hardback, 160mm x 240mm, vi+75pp, 31 photographs and diagrams in b&w and colour. £5 The Story of Priddy Hardback, 160mm x 240mm, viii+80pp, 29 photographs and diagrams in b&w and colour. £5 Special offer: both books for £9 The Last Adventure ISBN-10: 1-869897-05-6 ISBN-13: 978-1-869897-05-5 The Story of Priddy ISBN-10: 1-869897-04-8 ISBN-13: 978-1-869897-04-8 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[39]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/tophotographdarkness.html","2012-01-31","13K","To Photograph Darkness    ","To Photograph Darkness, book, history, cave photography, cave, caving     ",""," html PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd> To Photograph Darkness To Photograph Darkness by Chris Howes To Photograph Darkness traces the history of underground photography and the techniques used in times past, from the catacombs of Paris to the pyramids of Egypt, from American caves to Cornish tin mines. The result of a ten-year research project, the book is as concerned with the people as it is with their equipment. Why did they attempt the impossible, how did they obtain their supplies of ruinously expensive magnesium, how did underground photography develop to the point where it affected the world above ground? This is a highly readable account of the use of artificial light and how flash slowly became the lighting norm. Based on original resources only, this is an important contribution to caving and photographic literature and acknowledged as a primary source. However, it is not a dry telling of fact: there is the immediacy of extensive quotations bringing forgotten eras to life and it remains a highly readable work. It is the companion volume to Images Below. Hardback, 17.5cm x 25.5cm, 352pp, 160 b&w illustrations. Published price £25; special offer £18.75 ISBN-10: 0-86299-649-X ISBN-13: 978-0-86299-649-9 This book was published by Alan Sutton Publishing but all stocks are now held by Wild Places Publishing Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[40]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/thespiceoflife.html","2012-01-31","10K","The Spice of Life    ","",""," The Spice of Life The Spice of Life by Chris Howes Take a rich mixture of life, a gentle squeeze of evolution, add a pinch of history and flavour liberally with science. The Spice of Life a study of life: how it began, what affects its species – and where it is heading. The sheer variety of life on earth is both astonishing and bewildering, and we still have little idea of how many species share our planet, of what they are and how they life. Estimates suggest that the earth may be supporting 20 to 50 times the number of known species of animals and plants, many of which may be of incredible value to us as sources of food or medicine. Not for nothing has it been said that there is little new in the world – mans inventions so often mimic, intentional or no, what the natural world has for millennia made use of. Those with an interest in the outdoor world will enjoy this book, aimed at lay readers: it is clear and authoritative in its presentation and is, above all, a story of our wonder with nature and how urgent our need to initiate action. Hardback, 19.5cm x 25.5cm, 192pp, over 100 colour photographs and illustrations. Published price £25; special offer at half price: £12.50 ISBN-10: 0-7137-2390-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-7137-2390-8 This book was published by Blandford Press but all stocks are now held by Wild Places Publishing Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[41]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/thegamegoeson.html","2012-01-31","9K","The Game Goes On    ","",""," The Game Goes On The Game Goes On by Jim Eyre Part two of Jim Eyres classic autobiography, taking him from the caving expeditions of the 1960s through trials and tribulations to India in the 2000s, pushing some of the worlds deepest caves along the way. In it, Jim produced another masterpiece by turn both solomn and outrageously funny. Softback, 17cm x 24.5cm, 320pp, 160 b&w cartoons and photographs. £22.50 ISBN: 978-0-9526701-7-9 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[42]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/radicalsports.html","2012-01-31","10K","Radical Sports    ","",""," Radical Sports Radical Sports: Caving by Chris Howes Caving is part of the Radical Sports series of books published by Heinemann for children from 10 to early teens. This hardback book is an ideal introduction to the sport. The contents include information on preparing for a trip, what to expect, clothing and equipment, parts of a cave, reading a survey, international exploration and where to find further information. Hardback, 20cm x 27cm, 32pp, 37 photographs and diagrams, full colour throughout. £12.50 ISBN-10: 0-431-03690-X ISBN-13: 978-0-431-03690-8 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[43]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/onthree.html","2012-01-31","10K","On Three!    ","",""," On Three! On Three! by John Charles Woods John Woods is a master craftsman with a camera, recording the underground world with an eye to exquisite quality. An NSS member living in California, his Introduction to Digital Photography for Cavers is presented as an interactive CD: On Three! The CD takes cavers not only through the whys and hows of taking underground photographs, but follows through with Photoshop techniques in working on the resulting image. As such, it is an ideal companion to Images Below and is presented here in association with Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine (though it retains its original American spelling). On Three! is designed to be viewed in a browser - if the screen is set to 800 by 600 pixels, it will fill the screen. John Woods donates the profits from On Three! to his choice of caving organisations and/or charities. CD-ROM. £7.95 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[44]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/itsonlyagame.html","2012-01-31","10K","Its Only a Game    ","",""," Its Only a Game Its Only a Game by Jim Eyre Jim Eyre was a legend in his own lifetime – a hard caver and ardent cave rescuer, but also a talented cartoonist and outrageous raconteur. His two-part autobiography (continued in The Game Goes On) is already a classic in sometimes black humour and pathos – but always, always funny to the last word. Its Only a Game: Eyres humour has a wide appeal, just as James Herriots books dont only apply to vets. Add to this Jims stories from his days on a Naval minesweeper during the Second World War and it will even appeal to social historians ... Softback, 17cm x 24.5cm, 256pp, 85 b&w photographs and cartoons. £18.95 ISBN-10: 0-9526701-6-X ISBN-13: 978-0-9526701-6-2 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[45]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/insightoflight.html","2012-01-31","10K","In Sight of Light    ","",""," In Sight of Light In Sight of Light by Ellis Take a journey into a black, underground wilderness. Traverse voids, scale walls, drop shafts, crawl deep into crevices. Twist through dark passages, carrying a light to reveal the magnificence of calcite flows and endless rock, until it is over and you return to the airy sufrace above. Your excursion – your expedition – is over for the moment, but the words and pictures contained within In Sight of Light will awaken your senses and inspire you for your next voyage beneath the earth. Ellis has caved in Europe and India for over forty years, acutely observing and absorbing the special surroundings that caving affords. Fired by the hostile but beautiful environment underground, he left full-time academic work to explore his thoughts, experiences and moods through his verse and prose. The results are encapsulated in his In Sight of Light. Softback, A5, 64pp, 15 b&w photographs. £6.95 ISBN-10: 0-9526701-2-7 ISBN-13: 978-0-9526701-2-4 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[46]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/imagesbelow.html","2012-01-31","10K","Images Below    ","",""," Images Below Images Below by Chris Howes An award-winning manual of cave photography taking readers through every stage in preparing for, taking and analysing underground photographs. The first section covers the equipment required – cameras, flashes and accessories – then section two deals with basic techniquesof using single and multiple flash. Next comes specialist techniques such as close-up, stereo, expedition and underwater photography, closing with a final section on composition and assessment: what went right, what went wrong? Images Below has been named a classic text on the subject. For more information and opinions, click here to read the reviews. Hardback, 18cm x 25cm, 280pp, over 480 photographs, tables and diagrams in b&w and colour, supplied with laminated bookmark. £22.50 ISBN-10: 0-9526701-1-9 ISBN-13: 978-0-9526701-1-7 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[47]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/IBreviews.html","2012-01-31","38K","Images Below reviews    ","",""," Images Below reviews Images Below Reviews WHEN Images Below arrived my wife began leafing through it, ooh-ing and aah-ing over the photos of caves. Two hours later she handed it to me and shook her head. I dont know how he does it. Those photos are amazing. How he does it is the subject of this magnificent volume, and the crisply-written, beautifully-organized text coupled with copious examples (all taken by the author) should make it the final word on the subject. For those of us who enjoyed his earlier To Photograph Darkness. The history of underground and flash photography, this comes as no surprise. Howes knows his subject and, just as importantly, knows how to put it across in a form thats not only readable but usable. Two points should be emphasized: first, while this book uses cave photography as examples, its also an excellent general text on the use of flash. Second, though he does start with the absolute basics needed by an amateur, the book is so complete and thorough as to be useful to even the most advanced worker. Beginning with selection of equipment cameras, lenses, flash and accessories), he then outlines the basics of working with flash of all types in every conceivable situation. This is followed by discussions of specialised techniques such as close-up, underwater, video, and stereo photography. Finally, he deals with artistic composition, the touch which can transform a dreary documentary photo into an esthetically memorable image, and nobody is better qualified than Chris Howes to write on this topic. In summary, if you have aspirations of progressing beyond a point-and-shoot camera with built-in flash, buy this book. Itll not only make you a better photographer, but also give you immense visual pleasure in the process. Tex Tredwell, Stereo World   WITH Images Below, Chris Howes contributes the most comprehensive English language manual on underground photography to date. (Perhaps in any language. I haven’t gotten much past the pictures in Photographier Sous Terre or Photografia del Mundo Subterraneo). Beginning cave photographers will easily recoup the value of Images Below within a few rolls of film and a carton of bulbs. The more experienced will delight at an insider’s view into a mind that is equally creative at meeting technical challenges and at achieving a breathtaking photographic style that is simply trademark Chris Howes. The book is divided into four sections, including fourteen chapters. Section One, covering equipment, is worth the purchase price alone for circuit diagrams of various bulb-firing units and Dave Gibson’s robust slave kit (the inner workings of the Firefly). Here, too, you’ll find innovative tips for fashioning an easily removable glass lens cap (to compose shots in wet or muddy caves) and discover a better use for chicken pot pie tins than chicken pot pie. (Overall, we get the impression that, given a bit of film, our author could craft incomparable photos from materials gleaned out of rubbish bins and second-hand shops. And why not?) Section Two is concerned with basic technique, but even seasoned pros will want to read carefully. Appropriate emphasis is here given to exposure considerations and lighting angles. Open flash vs. slaved techniques, mixed entrance and flash light, and the use of multiple flash are well-covered. A few not-so-basic techniques, such as shifting focus for extreme depth of field (and a common pitfall of this strategy) are also discussed. Admirably, Chris reflects on some human-interest concerns of the much-maligned cave photographer, as well, including good tips on communication between photographer and assistants. Section Three delves into Specialist Techniques. A full thirty pages are devoted to close-up and macro photography. The author reviews standard accessories and exposure compensation, as well as more offbeat ideas for homemade reflecting panels and a ring flash substitute. Special considerations for documenting cave archaeology, history and biology are also addressed here. A chapter on automatic cameras offers workarounds (such as outsmarting a DX sensor) for cameras that do not allow manual settings. The Alternative Lighting chapter sparks our creativity with discussion of filtration, show cave lighting, painting with light, reciprocity failure, and modification of standard helmet lamps to create more realistic-looking models. The author even dishes up recipes for homemade flash powder, complete with guide numbers. (Danger, kids! Don’t try this at home!) A chapter on expedition photography stresses fastidious preparation, with ideas on equipment checklists and maintenance kits. Again, the author does not overlook personnel considerations; recommendations for agreements on photo teams, copyright issues and sponsor commitments are offered. A chapter on underwater, stereo and video photography admirably goes beyond the call of duty for such a book. Aficionados of such disciplines will be grateful for the rare coverage. The uninitiated just might be lured into a new endeavor. The fourth and final section of the book explores Attention to Detail. The first chapter invites photographers to transcend technical concerns and fine tune such elements as composition, mood, and the careful posing of models. Readers are challenged, as well, to exploit the specific strengths of color and black-and-white films. A chapter on Assessing Your Work gives a comprehensive guide to troubleshooting, as well as ideas to improve images through manipulation in either the darkroom or on a computer. Exhibition of photos for a slide show, competition, or publication is also addressed. A chapter on history does not, as one might expect, summarize the development of cave photography. This topic was quite thoroughly covered in the author’s earlier work: To Photograph Darkness. The history of underground and flash photography. Perhaps due to the author’s experience in dredging up the past, he stresses the responsibility of the cave photographer as a creator and maintainer of historical records. We are urged and instructed on how to conserve and adequately caption our irreplaceable works. Throughout, Images Below is generously endowed with tables, bulleted summaries, explanatory diagrams and, of course, photographs. Clearly, the book is well-suited to the visually-oriented photo-enthusiasts that will make up its audience. A particularly helpful feature is the shorthand notation that describes the type and direction of lighting for each photograph within its caption. Very clever! The author also went the extra mile by including photographs of equipment (both in the studio and the field) as well as comparative sets of images that dramatically show the effects of various techniques, problems, lighting angles, etc. The majority of the book is presented in black and white, the medium for which the author is certainly best known. An interior color section is used to good effect by highlighting special issues discussed throughout the volume. Thankfully, the superb printing reproduction does justice to the author’s fine photography. To be sure, Images Below is a technical, how-to manual, But rest assured it’s nothing like reading the owner’s manual that came with your latest photographic equipment purchase. I’ve yet to unearth a single gem of British humor in my Nikon manuals, for one. Moreover, Images Below is the work of a photographer who’s generous enough to allow the retelling of his countless trials and errors in hopes that his readers might avoid just a few. And twenty-nine years of experience clearly shine through in the author’s relaxed, altogether readable discussions about even intimidating technical issues. The computational conundrums of multiple flash exposures, for instance, are reduced to a rule of thumb so simple, it’s easy to overlook. Ratios of key and fill flashes, the author suggests, can be controlled by establishing standard aperture numbers (2.8, 4, 5.6, etc.) as flash-to-subject distances (insert favored units at will). A flash placed at 5.6 meters, therefore, will provide half the light as a flash at 4 meters, or a quarter of light from a flash at 2.8 meters. So by the inverse square law... Well, you better just get the book before I make this more complicated than Chris did. Fortunately, Images Below makes no pretense to remove all mystery from its subject matter. Flash guide numbers, the author cautions, are not immutable standards, but rather reference points to consider in context of the particular cave environment. And the issue of correct exposure is addressed more as an artistic concern than a scientific one. Repeatedly, the need for the reader’s own experimentation is stressed. If Images Below were a cookbook, measurements would be none too precise, and ample suggestions to season to taste would be sprinkled throughout. This is a book designed as much to inspire as to educate. If you ever even think about taking a camera underground, you’ll want your very own copy of Images Below. No one’s going to be loaning this one out. (Unless, perhaps, you sneak a copy from a newsletter editor for review purposes only.) Read Images Below cover-to-cover first, then keep it close at hand. It’s a fine read and an indispensable reference. Djuna Ivereigh (nee Bewley), NSS News, Vol 55 (12), December 1997   IMAGES BELOW. A manual of underground and flash photography, the latest book from Chris Howes, will be a welcome addition to the library of any cave photographer. Indeed, as the title suggests, the book is a useful manual of flash techniques for all photographers using flash, whether underground or not. Images Below is a comprehensive technical reference - illustrated throughout with relevant and beautiful photographs. It covers the subject in one accessible and well designed book, which will be of use to both experienced photographers and novices. Although the book is not intended as a coffee table product, the sheer number of photographs means that it would not look out of place on any cavers coffee table. The reproduction of the photographs is excellent, and it is obvious that a lot of care has gone into the layout and production of the book. Chris covers his subject in depth, with plenty of practical examples and photographs of the techniques and equipment. The writing style is very readable, and the explanations clear and well thought out. Images Below is certainly no dry textbook, although Chris must have spent plenty of time on research before ever setting pen to paper. It is good to see a photography manual where the author has so obviously tried out all the equipment and techniques he discusses, and has found out the advantages and pitfalls the hard way, to the benefit of the reader who will learn from his experiences. I am relieved I dont have to find out for myself what can happen to an ammo box full of cameras when submerged in water! The first section of the book covers equipment; cameras, lenses, flash (both electronic and bulb), flash slaves, and accessories (such as tripods and bags). The second section deals with the basic techniques of underground photography, with plenty of detail on how to best position flashguns for the required effect and work out exposure. The third section covers more specialist techniques including stereo, video, underwater and close-up photography, automatic cameras, alternative lighting, and expedition photography. The final of the book section covers composition, assessing your work, and the archiving and storage of photographs. Images Below is full of surprising little details, like the way the DX coding works, flashbulb guide numbers and bulb flashgun circuitry, as well as Chris own lighting code. A diagram of this also printed on the supplied bookmark. The bookmark is laminated, so presumably would even survive a trip underground, tucked into a camera box for reference. This book is worth having purely for the fine examples of Chris work it contains, but if you are interested learning more about cave photography, and improving your own work, you must buy this book. Kym ap Rhys, Underground Photographer (7), Autumn 1997   THE name Chris Howes, FRPS, will be familiar to many readers through the medium of his excellent cave photographs which we have published on these pages in past years. As a very experienced caving photographer he is the ideal person to write the definitive manual on the subject, which is what this is. He is an OM [Olympus camera] user and the book very much reflects this, but it is a superb book of reference on all branches of photography. The chapters on flash are masterly, covering every aspect of this essential subject (in his situation!). Close-up and macro photography are fully covered, there is nature photography, composition and a useful section on assessing work for publication. All this aside it is an interesting book to read, describing as it does a world most of us will never enter yet find fascinating. The book contains well over 450 photographs and diagrams. We warmly recommend this super book. Ian Aston, Olympuser magazine (53), Winter 1997/98   IMAGES BELOW is without doubt the most comprehensive and authoritative volume on cave photography ever published, and is backed and immensely strengthened by the reputation of its author as a world class cave photographer. It is often said that those that can, do, and those that cant, teach, but in this case it seems that the master who does has also chosen to teach. In 1987 Chris produced his very popular Cave Photography. A practical guide, a seemingly comprehensive guide to the techniques of cave photography. But his new work takes this a step further, giving an even deeper look into all aspects of the art. Fourteen chapters are arranged into 4 sections covering Equipment, Basic Techniques, Specialist Techniques, and details such as composition, self criticism and history. The new volume retains Chriss innovative code system used in the first book to describe the flash positioning and settings used in each photograph. To help the reader still further the book comes with a laminated bookmark with a diagram demonstrating these code positions printed on it. Along with the code attached to each caption in the book, this makes it very easy to see how every picture was taken. And what of the photographs themselves? All too often textbooks on photography use pictures to make their point with no real thought to the quality of the image. Not in this case! The pictures are superb and plentiful (nearly 500 I believe), as is the reproduction quality, and are widely accompanied by diagrams and illustrations clarifying the specific points being made. A short colour section covers some specific colour related issues but the books real strength lies in the black and white images which alone made the book worth buying, regardless of whether you have any interest in how they were taken. All in all a superbly comprehensive piece of work and essential reading for anyone with any interest in cave photography, or even just an interest in caves or photography for that matter. Gavin Newman, Caves & Caving (80)   CHRIS Howes is a speleologist and a photographer of distinction. This is his third book on cave photography, and has already won an award. Images Below is, strictly, a textbook, a manual of cave photography, but, apart from presenting a great deal of information and advice for cavers, there is much to be learnt from it by those photographers who have no intention of ever entering anything more cavelike than a cathedral crypt. Cave photography demands lightweight, tough and more or less waterproof equipment. It also mandates either flash or a high-intensity light source (flashpowder and magnesium ribbon are not to be spurned). Howes discusses the equipment in detail, warning particularly against the inadequacies of automatic exposure control in these environments. He shows some sympathy with compact and even throwaway cameras, particularly the waterproof type. He goes into details over depth of field, flash guide numbers and cumulative flash exposure calculations, and reciprocity failure, things you may have thought you could forget about in these days of automation. You can for the most part forget about automatic focus too. There is plenty of information on silhouette lighting, close-up and macro work, photography of flowing water, special effects and the situations where colour is more appropriate than black and white. The photography is immaculate: Chris Howes has a Fellowship for his cave images. Cave photography is one area where black and white has always reigned, and the author is one of its acknowledged masters. He is no mean writer, too. Strongly recommended, and not just to cavers. Graham Saxby, Hon FRPS, The Photographic Journal, Vol 138 (8), October 1998   IMAGES BELOW is Chris Howes latest work on the subject of cave photography. Containing 280 pages, this comprehensive hardback book covers almost everything that you need to know to get involved in, or improve, your cave photography. Divided into four easy to follow sections, the book covers equipment (including how to make your own bulb flashgun, etc), basic techniques, specialist techniques and, finally, attention to detail. There is a lot of useful reference info included. The book is well laid out and will be useful for the complete beginner in the cave photography field and those who need information to improve their techniques and results. It will also keep your camera and flashes alive longer! A must have on the cave photographers shelf. John Kelly, SUI Newsletter (41)   IMAGES BELOW is certain to become the definitive reference for all serious cave photographers for many years to come. Even if you only dabble in the craft, or have an occasional need to photograph new discoveries, your proposed dig site or an unrepeatable caving holiday, you will find some good tricks to provide consistently clearer photos. If you want to provide better illustrations for the club journal, or to pass around a packet of prints in the cavers’ pub, your snaps will be greatly improved by an understanding of even half the lighting techniques demonstrated here. In short, this a deep book, but it is accessible to any caver that has ever wanted to record a cave view to share with others. The author describes – clearly, and from personal experience – all types of camera and lighting equipment, from the cheap and simple to the highly specialised. Whatever camera you already have, you can produce better cave photos if you give them a little thought. The book is richly illustrated with the author’s evocative style of cave photography. Although a professional photographer and a long-standing Fellow of the Royal Photographic Society, he makes the point strongly that many of his best images were made with very basic equipment. The mystery and beauty of the underground world are captured on film in a way that any caver will recognise and enjoy. It is worth owning a copy of this book for the simple pleasure of experiencing the atmosphere of the cave – without the inconvenience of having to get wet yourself; several photos made me shiver at first viewing. The writing – although of necessity technical in some parts – is clear, concise and suffused with a caver’s dark humour. The cleverly set-up picture used to illustrate the throwaway comment ‘never switch on a wet flashgun’ had me in hysterics for a long time. The descriptions of logistics’ misadventures on expedition – and the subsequent improvisations there and elsewhere – will bring a wry chuckle to any caver who has ever suffered from kit missing or failing underground. The layout and production of Images Below are to an exacting standard; a superb piece of bookmanship and printing that complements the writing and photography. The photos are reproduced with meticulous care and, even if you have seen Chris’ original exhibition prints, it is good to have reminders in one convenient volume. Experimental ideas for the future are also offered, and the manual is neatly rounded off by a discussion – with appropriate illustrations – of advanced digital techniques and, aptly, the preservation and conservation of our cave photographic heritage. The book – a companion volume to Chris’ earlier history of cave photography, To Photograph Darkness – is fully referenced and bears a glossary and comprehensive index. As a measure of its worth, Images Below won second prize in the International Speleological Congress competition [in 199x] for the ‘most significant caving publication since the last congress’, four years ago, no mean accomplishment. For myself, as a dabbler in cave photography, the book has given me several new ideas to play with. If you are thinking of buying this book as a Christmas present for another dabbler, make sure that you give it to them as a very early present; they should have opportunity to study it very thoroughly before the holiday period, which could be a good time for a leisurely underground escape to try a few photo ideas ... Paul Peppiatt, Descent (138), October 1997   THIS is Chriss long awaited manual of underground and flash photography, and it certainly seems to have been worth the wait. This is an authoritative work, the author being one of the worlds top cave photographers, and the tips which can be gained from it should improve everyones results, both expert and beginner alike. Images Below covers the basics of equipment and photographic techniques, working with single and multiple flash (and other, more unusual light sources), and then continues with specialised topics such as close-up, cave life, archaeology, underwater, video, and stereo photography. A final, invaluable section gives detailed advice on composition, analysing your work and identifying errors, and caring for your pictures. Nowhere else will you find such detailed advice on solving problems or pushing your creative abilities to the limit. The reproduction of the photographs is excellent and many of them have been used in comparative sets to show mistakes and successes. The book is well laid out and printed on quality non-glossy art paper. There are many well drawn diagrams and tables which make the book easy to use. If you have only a passing interest in cave photography or take your camera on every trip, if you are a beginner or a seasoned photographer, you should buy this book. There is something in it for everyone. Tim Stratford, International Caver (21), December 1997   CHRIS HOWES ... has finally produced a book for the likes of me. It is a complete guide to underground photography with useful hints on composition and lighting. I have always looked at some of the photographs produced in such books and through - how is that done? What lighting? Flashbulbs or guns? Chris Howes has thoughtfully attached to every photograph a guide with position and type of flash and in many cases the stop number, the film type and even how the photo was developed. If underground photography is something you aspire to or like me occasionally dabble then this will provide a useful reference. Everything is covered from how to sort out focusing to how to deal with that annoying mist and fog that surrounds some photos - the trick apparently is to move the flash farther away from the lens! As ever there are literally hundreds of photographs to admire and dozens of diagrams. There is an interesting exploration on alternative lighting styles including the exciting use of lengths of magnesium ribbon (where can you get this stuff?). Croydon members who have lurked around S. Wales long enough will recognise our tame (if infrequent) diver in the form of bespectacled and be-bearded Malcolm Stewart in many of them. Clearly it is the offer of immortality which gave MS the patience for so many photo trips! Chris writing style is lively, informative and as ever with a gently humorous touch that we see in Descent. This book is probably going to become the de facto standard for underground photography guides. It will in future no doubt become the reference text for those learning the art. One final word - the prize for gratuitous mention of the title goes to Wild Places Publishing for managing to squeeze the title of the book no less than six times onto the inside of the dust jacket. Simon Davies, Pelobates (Croydon CC) (75), January 1998   IN 1987 Chris wrote Cave Photography. A practical guide. This book in itself was an invaluable guide to getting started and continuing to take underground photographs. Images Below is its improved successor and not only gets you started but elaborates on many types of equipment and techniques. It gives sound advice on choices of camera, flash guns and the full range [of] accessories and consumables, some of which may be a bit esoteric and elaborate for the majority of cave photographers. Details of working with electronic flashes and bulbs to the best effect are well explained and the lavish underground photographs are complimented with good explanations. One of the most useful additions to this book is the bookmark. It helps on every pages by giving a quick reference to the way that Chris identifies his flash positioning in the familiar E1, B4 system (describing electronic or bulb flashes and their position relative to the person carrying the flash). A system easier but not necessarily better than the meticulous way in which Francoise-Marie and Yan Callot detail every photograph with distance, type of flash, film and exposure in Photographie Sous Terre. The advanced photography is complimented by even the most basic systems such as automatic cameras. These are well explored, giving the advantages (and many disadvantages) of using automatic cameras but are nevertheless still worth a try if you have nothing else and you can get some good results. The only thing this book wants for is more colour. Most of the exhibitions and slide shows seen these days are composed mainly, if not solely of colour photographs. The few colour shots are only used for specific reference to certain items and in that respect are not as well composed as those in the rest of the book. It is also worth mentioning some of the other chapters, such as macro photography, alternative lighting (flash powders, carbide, etc.), multiple flash work and composition. All of these are well illustrated and show that sometimes practice, trial and error are what will give the best results. Even bad photographs are used to good effect in the book by analysing them and telling others of mistakes made, to improve their pictures, in the assessing your work section. Unless you are very good at French, when this books small amount of information about colour photography can be enlarged by reading Photographie Sous Terre, it is without a doubt a must for the new, the keen and the experienced cave photographer. Steve Cottle, UBSS Proceedings, Vol 21 (1), February 1998 Back to top     ");
array_files[48]=new Array(2,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/products/books/divingindarkness.html","2012-01-31","10K","Diving in Darkness    ","",""," Diving in Darkness Diving in Darkness by Martyn Farr A quality manual on cave diving, encompassing diving beneath rock, under ice and within wrecks – anywhere with an overhead environment. A book by a master cave diver packed with tips and clear, concise advice. Diving in Darkness has gone down as well within the diving world as it has in caving; if you are an open water diver considering venturing beneath a roof, this is your source of safe advice. No diver can fail to learn something from this work. 128pp, 17.5cm x 25cm, over 165 photographs and diagrams, full colour throughout. £19.95 ISBN-10: 0-9526701-5-1 ISBN-13: 978-0-9526701-5-5 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the order form for other destinations     ");
array_files[49]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexYZ.html","2012-01-31","12K","Survey index Y-Z    ","",""," Survey index Y-Z Survey Index Y-Z Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ caption CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Zimbabwe Mawenge Mwena (Z9) 122:34 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[50]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexX.html","2012-01-31","12K","Survey index X    ","",""," Survey index X Survey Index X Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ caption CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE XXXX, Uamh an 109:17 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[51]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexW.html","2012-01-31","17K","Survey index W    ","",""," Survey index W Survey Index W Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Wakebarrow Pot 60:16-17 Walditch Cave 82:30-1 Washfold Pot 156:10 Watch Hill Cave 161:21 Watch Hill area map 161:20 Water Caverns, The 119:26 Water Icicle Close Cavern 212:21 Northwest Passage Aven 209:17 Waterways Swallet extension 126:14 Room 101 203:11 Watsons Swallet 141:13 Wensleydale Railway 165:8 Westbury Brook Iron Mine 112:21 Whalf Mine Climbing Shaft 142:31 Whalf Mine Engine Shaft 154:33 Whim Mine 123:12 White Scar Cave Sleepwalker Series 107:9 Wigmore Swallet 101:31, 112:14, 199:24 Downstream Sumps 110:11 Young Bloods Inlet 199:25 Wigpool Cave 220:18 Winnats Head Cave Wigwam Streamway 221: 36 Witches II and Shuttleworth Pot 218:23 Withyhill Cave 51:35 Wizards Chasm 147:27 Wookey Hole 181:20-1 Beyond the Thunderdome 160:24,25 Cam Valley Crawl 54:17 Edmunds Chamber 160:24,25 elevation 36:30, 54:15 Halloween Rift proximity 212:11 Sump 25 177:27, 179:18 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[52]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexV.html","2012-01-31","14K","Survey index V    ","",""," Survey index V Survey Index V Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ caption CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Valley Head Cave 34:33 Venezuela Cueva Charles Brewer 183:36 Sistema Roraima Sur 191:20 Vespers Pot 40:13 Vietnam area map 111:35 Cam Thon 153:33 Cao Bang province area map 153:32 Da Dung Mountain caves 214:27 Hang Khe Rhy 137:29 Hang Lanh 170:20-1 Hang Over 137:28 Hang Pygmy 137:30 Hang Son Doong 211:22 Nguom na Lung 153:33 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[53]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexU.html","2012-01-31","18K","Survey index U    ","",""," Survey index U Survey Index U Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Uachdar, Uamh nan 103:33 area maps 103:32 Uamh an Claonaite 50:30, 126:31, 204:12 Sumps 4-6 113:22 The Treen Scene 107:19 Uamh an Coire Domhain 109:16 Uamh an XXXX 109:17 Uamh na Sgoltaidh Dhuibe 79:18 Uamh nan Claig-Ionn 37:6 Uamh nan Naomh Seras 155:17 Uamh nan Uachdar 103:33 area map 103:32 Uamh Sgeinne 19:16 Ukraine Optimisticheskaja 98:33, 206:21 Ullet Gill Cave 98:13 Upper ANUS Cave 4 107:18 Upper Canada Cave 197:12 Upper Cradle Hole 208:11 Upper Flood Swallet 193:21, 195:10 Chuckles Joke 217:17 East Passage and Rift Series 205:16 Golden Chamber extensions 189:16, 191:18 Upper Hackergill Cave 127:9 Upper Lathkill caves of 97:10 Ural Kapova Cave 121:38 Urchin Cave (Green Holes) 76:13 USA Barrack Zourie Cave 109:18 Black House Mountain System 136:23 Blue Spring Cave 98:17 Crabby Cave 106:26 Green Fork Falls Cave 34:41 Hawaii, area map 42:20 Hawaii, Kazamura Cave 118:25 Jewel Cave 206:23 Kathys Icebox 34:41 Lechuguilla Cave 206:22 Lechuguilla Cave 79:34-5 Mammoth Cave System 206:20 Mammoth/Flint Ridge System 23:24 No Business Blowing Cave 81:34-5 Three Door Cave 106:26 Wakulla Springs 137:22 Zicafoose Blowhole 183:27 Uwd Lwyd, Ogof yr 187:27 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[54]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexT.html","2012-01-31","19K","Survey index T    ","",""," Survey index T Survey Index T Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Tearsall Pipe Cavern Sump & Pool Series connection 122:8 Thailand Fossil Cave 125:19 north-west area map 119:35 Tham Chet Mit 130:33 Tham Huai Tong Thai 172:33 Tham Jong Ang 172:32 Tham Nam Tok 132:25 Tham Pha Phueng 210:33 Tham Phra Wang Daeng 137:23 Tham Seua/Tham Lom 119:35 Tham Sra Yuon Thong 216:29 Thors Rising 105:8, 215:10 Thorntree Shaft 116:9 Three Counties System 159:21, 215:20 connection 233:32 hydrology 8:5, 18:17-18 overview 215:19 Thrupe Lane Swallet 28:7 Atlas Aven 99:9 Atlas Aven extensions 101:18 Atlas Pot 108:26 Thrupe Swallet 158:13, 175:11 Tilberthwaite Mine 105:8 Tin Pot Two 198:11 Tonga area map 74:29 First Cave 74:30 Tramps Hole 97:31 Trans-Craven System 18:17-18 Trapdoor Pot 154:29, 164:31 Triachwech, Ogof 179:23 Trinafour Rising Cave 209:14 Triple Hole 24:13 Troutsdale Windypit 121:8 Tub Hole Third Pool Sump 109:13 Tullybrack Mt caves of 45:28 Tullyholvin Rising 215:16 Tunnel Cave Paul & Barnabas Extension 34:27 Turkey Martal Magarasi 148:29 Taurus Mts area map 87:28 Twang Cave 131:24,25, 138:32, 140:22 Twin Titties 99:30 Twll Dychrynllyd see Blaen Hepste Hole Tynings Barrows Swallet 1:11, 36:5, 38:51 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[55]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexS.html","2012-01-31","30K","Survey index R    ","",""," Survey index R Survey Index S Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Saga Hole 224:8 Sarawak see Mulu Sardinia area map 94:21 Sa Oche 94:23 Sa Oche, area map 94:21 Su Bentu 94:23 Su Bentu, area map 94:21 Satire Cave 173:10 Saturday Hole 9:18 correction to 10:24 Saudi Arabia lava fields 215:31 Scars Hole 170:28,29 Schwyll hydrology 141:22 Scoska Cave 36:20 Ancient Way 51:11 Seathwaite Lead Mines 82:27, 86:23 Sell Gill Holes 129:12, 172:21 historical survey 158:30,31 Sgeinne, Uamh 19:16 Sgoltaidh Dhuibe, Uamh na 79:18 Shag Cliff caves of, area map 119:26 Shakespeares Cave 85:20-1 Shannon Cave 202:33 Shannon Cave/Polltullyard 185:33 Shannon Pot 209:32-3 Sharks Tooth Cave 102:8 Shatter Cave (Mendip) 5:18-19, 51:35 Shipham (Mendip) shaft near 167:13 Short Long Drop Cave 195:12 Shute Shelve Cavern 109:31 Shuttleworth Pot and Witches II 218:23 Sidetrack Cave 169:26 Singing River Mine Chocolate Salty Balls Passage 147:16 Single-Way Mine 208:17 Skullcap Cave 97:31 Slaughter Stream Cave (Wet Sink) 100:27, 142:15 Downstream Sumps 105:11 Flow Choke Passage 102:16 hydrology 100:26 Late for Dinner 129:30 The Remelt Plant 142:14 Three Deserts 101:11 Sleets Gill Cave 106:21 Slieve Elva Pot 44:15 Slovakia Stratensk jaskyna 122:26 Smokey Hole 57:10,11 Smoo Cave 116:21 Smugglers Hole 119:27 Snaiza Cave 146:16 Solomons Drift 64:26 South Africa Bushmansgat 134:29 Spain Azpilicueta, Torca de, link area 108:16 BU56 48:24-5 BU56 area map 48:27 Chicago, Pozu 198:20-1 Conjurtao, Sistema 74:21 Culiembro, Cueva 219:32-3 El Manadero 159:25 F20 74:23 F20, area map 71:19 Fuente Azul 157:35 Jorcada Blanca, Pozu 54:29 Picos de Europa, Ortiguero area map 2:7 Pozo Azul 217:25 Renada, Cuevo de la, link area 108:16 Tormenta, Pozo 169:30 Xitu, Pozu del 49:31 Xitu, Pozu del, area map 54:26, 67:34 see also Canary Islands and Mallorca Spar Pot 57:13, 216:11 Speedwell Cavern Main Rising 127:17 Peak Cavern connection area 118:8 western limits 127:17 Spider Cave (Derbyshire) 114:10 Spider Windypit 106:12 Sruh Croppa River Caves area map 34:11 St Brendans Fissure 44:17 St Dunstans Well Cave [incorrectly titled on page] 19:27 St Georges Cave 155:17 Stainsbys Shaft 205:18 Stenkrith Cave 25:12 Steps Pot rigging topo 205:9 Sting Pot 149:15 Stocks House Shaft 155:16 Stoke Lane Slocker West London Extension 25:24 Stone Lever Pot 158:11 Storrs Common area map 37:33 Strangle Pot 160:34 Strawberry Pot 156:12 Streaks Pot 97:11 Stukbar Pot 187:29 Stump Cross Caverns 117:20 Fairy Palace 162:12 Swallet P7 163:11 Swan Dike Pot 62:12-13 Swan Mine Western Series 182:13 Swildons Hole 90:21, 194:21 Fault Chamber aven 36:9 Mud Sump 168:26 Old Approach area 64:8 Priddy Green Sink connection 131:19 Sump 12 171:34 Watergate/Paradise Regained 54:10, 90:23 Swilly Hole Extension 101:26 Swindon Hole 174:27 Switzerland Holloch 69:29, 206:21 JCB Hohle 21:31 Shelter Pot 4:23 Siebenhengste-Hohgant-Hohlensystem 71:29, 81:19, 87:16 Sygun Copper Mine 3D surface elevation 167:7 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[56]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexR.html","2012-01-31","19K","Survey index R    ","",""," Survey index R Survey Index R Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Rana Hole 199:27, 204:12 Rat Hole 69:30, 75:26 Raven Mine 112:18, 113:18 Raven Scar new cave at 71:14 Rawthey Cave 129:13, 142:20 The Wolf Den 142:22 Reads Cavern 55:10 Reads Grotto 214:21, 216:27 Red Kite Cave 155:13 Redhouse Swallet 110:16 Fossil Series Extensions 114:12 Reef Caves (Doolin) 78:12, 209:25 Reyfad Pot 40:18, 96:27 and Tullybrack Mt caves 45:28 hydrology 96:26 Pollnacrom link 33:45 Scrapers Hole extension 30:46 Reynolds Rift 28:14 Rhino Rift Left-hand Route 147:14 Ricklow Cave 128:13 Riders on the Storm Traverse 233:35 Ridge / Monks Park Quarries 233:10 Rift Pot 215:24-5 area map 58:8 Roaring Hole 50:24,25 Robbers Den Cave 101:16, 218:6 Robins Shaft Mine 48:17 Rocky Acres Cave 139:16 Rods Pot 199:9, 219:10 Romania Movile Cave 224:28 Rough Pot 166:11 Rowten Pot Oblib Traverse 110:8 Rowter Hole 219:27 Rubble Rift 211:12 Rushup Edge Peak Fault area map 148:35 Russet Well 52:17 hydrology 49:39 Russia Dark Star Cave 99:29 Hodja Gur Gur Ata Ridge 90:31 Iljukhina System 100:34 Kristalnaja 32:20 Ozernaja 98:33 Pinega karst area map 118:21 Stonewall Cave 132:32 ZV 52 124:18 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[57]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexQ.html","2012-01-31","12K","Survey index Q    ","",""," Survey index Q Survey Index Q Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ caption CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Quaking Pot 86:34 Quarters Farm Swallet 167:15 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[58]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexP.html","2012-01-31","31K","Survey index P    ","",""," Survey index P Survey Index P Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE P5 (Ingleborough) 70:22 P7 (Derbyshire) 163:11 P8 (Jackpot) Sumps 90:10, 91:28 Pakistan Pir Ghaib Ghara 144:30 Panama Isla Bastimentos caves 190:25 Pant Lode 116:9 Pant Mawr Moor hydrology 153:34, 201:14 Pant Mawr Pot Hydrant Passage 117:12 Papua New Guinea Atea Kananda 78:32 Muller Range area map 78:30 Muruk Cave 144:20-1 Nare 64:20 Nare area map 59:22, 64:22 Nare hydrology 65:26 Paracetam Ole 152:11 Parc Mine area map 24:18 Park Corner Swallet 37:43 Parkinsons Pot 177:30 Patricks Rift (Beachy Head) 48:31 Peak Cavern Deep Thought 200:17 Donatellas Mud Sump Aven Series 202:9 Dooms Retreat 194:9, 206:9 Far Sump Extension 48:11, 187:15 Far Sump 46:37 Galena Rift 146:12 hydrology 49:39 Ink Sump 46:37 Lumbago Walk extension 221: 37 Moosetrap Inlet Series 194:11 Moosetrap Inlet Sump 184:17 Moss Chamber-Entrance 62:20-1,24 Ride of the Valkyries 86:29 Salmons Cavern 85:28 Speedwell connection area 118:8 sumps in 44:33, 48:11 The Rasp 181:10, 192:11 White River Series 101:21 Pen Park Hole 111:27 Penyghent Pot 110:9 Friday the Thirteenth Series 73:15 Living Dead Extensions 89:26 Peru Qaqa Machay 185:22 Peru Sima Pumacocha 161:19, 185:20 Philippines Quibal Cave 100:21,23 San Carlos Cave 100:23 Piece End Swallet 144:9 Pierres Pot 220:9 Downstream passages 222:16 Pigeon Hole 168:30 Pigeon Pots 173:12 Pillar Holes 156:29 Pindale Cave 208:9 Pippikin Pot Beelzebubs Hairy Ringpiece 139:10 Extreme Ways 169:34 hydrology 83:6 Pluais an Sciathain Leathair 100:11 Poland Nad Kotlinami, Jaskinia 20:29 Snieznej, Jaskinia 20:29 Pol-an-Ionain 99:16 Poll Chit 112:22 Poll na gCeim 69:14, 70:15, 89:14 Downstream Sump 5 104:30 Sump 1 76:10 Sump 2 75:13 Poll na Gonzo 214:16 Poll Seomar 64:10 Pollahune Mayfly Extension 98:7 Pollaloughabo 110:25 Pollaraftara 45:28, 114:21-2, 121:15 Pollatoomary 204:20,21 Pollbeg 158:16 Pollbehan 110:25 Polldeelin to Polltoophill traverse 233:32 Pollduagh/The Churn 196:16 Polldubh Figgbrigg Series 203:12 Pollnacrom 40:18 Reyfad link 33:45, 96:26-7 Reyfad, relationship to 30:46 and Tullybrack Mt caves 45:28 Pollnagollum (Co. Clare) see Poulnagollum Pollnagran 175:15 Polltoophill to Polldeelin traverse 233:35 Polltullyard 209:32-3 Pork Sandwich Shaft 171:21 Porth yr Ogof resurgence 109:23 Upstream Sumps 6:19, 17:6 Portugal Algar Nova 70:25 Poulelva Pot see Poulnagollum-Poulelva System Poulnafearbui 216:16 Poulnagollum–Poulelva System First Waterfall extension 208:12 Midnight Series 208:11 Pollbeg relationship 158:16 Poulelva area 67:14 Southeast Tunnel 152:16 Sump Canyon extension 68:12 The Maze 157:32 Poulnagree 82:7, 95:15, 149:34 Poultalloon 126:23 area map 126:16 Pounder Lane Cavern 37:14 Powerscourt Deerpark Cave 175:14 Priddy Green Sink 131:19 Pridhamsleigh Cavern 129:22 Prid II 107:29 Primrose Cave 25:11 Prods Pot area map 34:11 Pwll Du area map 1921 158:28 land sale 136:10 Pwll Pindar 86:26-7, 177:22 Pwll-y-Coeden Gnau 177:21 Pwll-y-Cwm 72:29, 115:31 Pwll-y-Gwynt 49:41 Pwll-y-Rhyd 77:20 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[59]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexO.html","2012-01-31","25K","Survey index N    ","",""," Survey index N Survey Index O Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE OFlaen-y-Waun, Ogof 117:11 Ofapi Pot 141:10 Ogof Capel 69:9, 77:17, 78:17 Ogof Carno 182:21 1991 Series 102:21, 103:34 Blight of the Fumble Bee 112:17 Dill and Imaginary Menagerie 182:22 extensions 1992 106:8 High Anxiety 109:8 Littoral Zone 111:26 Open Season & The Precious Years 105:21 Poseidon Series 166:24 Space Oddity 116:25 True Grit 116:25, 120:12 Ogof Cil yr Ychen 84:16,17 Ogof Corryn Cawraidd 91:33 Ogof Cragen 177:20-1 dye-traces 177:20 Ogof Craig a Ffynnon area map 38:23 hydrology 61:20-1, 76:20-1 Ogof Cwbl Hardd 95:23 Ogof Cynnes 112:30 shakeholes near 100:42 Ogof Dan-y-Lleuad Wen 104:35, 113:11 Ogof Ddwy Sir 140:35 Ogof Draenen 121:23, 122:21, 132:22, 163:37, 189:8 area map 121:22 Big Country 127:34 Bit of a Dive 123:22 Dollimore Series 134:21,22 Entrance series 119:12, 121:25 Galera Garimpeiros 124:31 Hexamine Highways 131:35, 132:10 location survey 143:20 Lucky Thirteen 124:32 Prisoners of War 143:21 Republican Plot 163:36 round-trip connection 122:23 Score, The 123:22 Sleepcrawler Series 131:10, 132:21 Snowball Series 125:29 St Giles 125:29 War of the Worlds 131:10, 132:21 Waterfall Series 129:27 Wyvern extensions 127:34 Ogof Fawr 201:22 Ogof Ffynnon Ddu Nant Gam Choke 184:15 OFD1 to OFD2 underwater connection 135:21 Ogof Ffynnon Taf 70:11, 84:14, 139:15 area map 84:15 Ogof Foel Fawr 86:31 Ogof Glan Gwenlais 66:14-15 area map 91:22 Ogof Gwynt yr Eira 129:34 hydrology 129:35 Ogof Igam Ogam 83:18 Ogof Mynydd Llangynidr 114:14 Ogof Nant Hyfryd 94:25 Ogof Nant Rhin 111:22 Ogof OFlaen-y-Waun 117:11 Ogof Pant-y-Llyn 60:19 area map 91:22 Ogof Pasg 86:31 Ogof Pen-y-Craig 84:14 Ogof Pwll Swnd 88:24 Ogof Pysgodyn Gwyn 6:19 Ogof Rhaeadr Ddu 63:22 Ogof Triachwech 179:23 Ogof yr Uwd Lwyd 187:27 Oonaglour 143:33 Otter Hole 32:23, 56:20-1 Hall of 30 113:17 Our Ladys Cave 169:28 Outlands Head Quarry Cave 88:16 Ovens Cave 144:14 Owl Cave 25:11 Owl Hole 184:31 access route 114:10 Oxlow Caverns area map 96:12 hydrology 49:39 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[60]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexN.html","2012-01-31","18K","Survey index N    ","",""," Survey index N Survey Index N Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Nall Grove Mine 197:16 Namibia Dragons Breath Cave 109:19 Nant Rhin, Ogof 111:22 Nant-y-Maelor Tunnel 184:14 Naomh Seoras, Uamh nan 155:17 Nedd Fechan valley dye-traces 177:20 Nepal Khempalong Gufa 220:42 Nether Water (Clares Pot) 127:17 Nether Water Farm shaft near 172:14 Nettle Pot (Dentdale) entrance ducting 122:14 Nettle Pot 77:12 Stalactite Passage aven 212:13 New Goyden Pot 167:33, 178:28 Caravan Trail Extensions 118:14 New Rake shaft on 195:17 New Zealand Falcon Cave 106:26 Incognito Cave 106:26 Nettlebed Cave 65:20-1 Newby Moss Cave 185:13 Newclose Rigg Pot 121:8 Nicker Grove Mine 97:11 lower levels and TOwd Mans Grotto 221: 22,23 Nirvana 140:22 Noons Hole 45:28 Arch Cave link 63:10 North Hill Swallet 1:19 Norway Ragge Javre Raige 1:3 Ragge Javre Raige, Lower Series 46:11 Notts II 159:22 Count Lazlo Stroganoffs Aven extensions 218:28 Gour Inlet 201:27 Inlet 7 183:20, 185:27 Poppy Passage 179:35 see also Cupcake, The Notts Pot 159:21 area map 125:10 Far Downstream Passages 125:10 Notts Pot/Ireby Fell Cavern 87:10 hydrology 83:6 Notts Pot/Lost Johns Cave connection 233:32 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[61]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexM.html","2012-01-31","25K","Survey index M    ","",""," Survey index M Survey Index M Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE M.M. Mine 200:10 Magnetometer Pot Pastures New 100:13 Main Stream Cave (Coire Mulrooney) 25:11 Malham Cove Risings 93:33 Mallorca Asses, Cova dets 97:34 Besso, Cova den 80:35 Diners, Cova des 80:35 Drach, Cuevas del 101:32 se Gleda, Cova de 138:19 Vallgornera, Cova des Pas de 220:24-5 Manchester Hole Eternal Optimist 173:25 Swinton Bypass 110:10 Mangle Hole (Mendip) 21:12, 27:35 Aldermaston Chamber 24:21 Manor Farm Swallet 26:5 Marble Arch Cave Lower Cradle and Grand Gallery 123:18 Martels surveys 126:20 Mexican Way extension 214:17 Marble Arch Cave/Lower Cradle Hole 54:12 area map 34:11, 66:20 Marble Steps Pot Flyover Passage 168:14 Maypole Passage 6:31 rigging topo 205:9 The Folly 222:14 Marilyn 194:26 Maskhill Mine upper section 124:11 Maury Sough 2011 extension 221: 35 Mendip area map of digs 99:30 hydrology 9:3-4 Meregill Hole entrance elevation 127:8 Meregill Skit 105:8, 112:9 Merlins Mine 97:11 Mermaids Hole (Green Holes) 73:18, 76:14, 209:24 Mexico Alpazat, Cueva de 178:20-1 Cheve, Sistema, hydrology 114:26 Cuauhtamazalco, Sima Grande de 110:29 Cuetzalan area map 110:28 Huautla, Sistema 57:26, 79:26-7 Iglesia-Mina Superior, Cueva de la (part of) 193:35 Nita Cho 83:23 Nogal, Sotano de 41:27 Ox Bel Ha 206:22 Pena Colorada 57:28, 64:29,30 Perrito, Sistema 132:24 primary caving areas 77:31 Purificacion karst 152:30 Sac Actun 206:22 San Cristobal, area map 51:8 San Agustin, Sotano de 41:28, 79:26-7 Sonconga 83:25 Tecolote, Cueva del 152:31 Tolantongo, Grutas de 97:29 Tlacotenco, Sistema (part of) 193:35 Zongolica Caves 72:38,39 Midge Hole Joint Hole connection area 111:10, 112:9 Mill Beck Sink Cave 115:10 Milwr Tunnel 149:21 Miss Graces Lane Cave 153:13, 176:10, 183:13, 188:11 Mohole, The 13:24 Moking Hurth 201:32 Moneen Cave 233:16 Mongo Gill Hole historical survey 173:11 Mongolia Gobi Desert area map 134:35 Shar Haniin Agui 134:35 Tsagaan Delin Agui 134:35 Monks Park / Ridge Quarries 233:10 Morfa Ddu Mine 4:30 Morocco Chara area map 56:29 Lahnash, Kef 47:34 Mossdale Caverns 93:20 High Level Mud Caverns 126:10 Mulu area map 46:27, 56:4, 60:22 Gunung Benarat caves 179:21 Lubang Nasib Bagus, Sarawak Chamber 60:21 Mynydd Llangynidr, Ogof 114:14 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[62]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexL.html","2012-01-31","21K","Survey index L    ","",""," Survey index L Survey Index L Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Lamb Leer Cavern 84:35, 117:30 Lancaster Hole 49:6 Colonnade area 132:27 Dillons Day-Dream 151:8 Fall Pot and Stake Pot hanger locations 122:15 hydrology 83:6 Near Series historical survey 190:33 Slug World 158:10 The Dark Side of the Grind 197:11, 198:10 Landlord Pot 147:12 Langstroth Cave/Pot Goat Inlet 48:18 sumps 34:9 Laos area map 133:32 Tham [Ban] Chom Ong 207:27 Lathkill Head Cave 97:10 access route 136:15 The Garden Path 138:11 The Northern Lights 110:14 Top Entrance 128:13 Leadhills Mine 104:24 Leck Beck Head 110:8 Leck/Casterton hydrology 83:6 Legnagay Cave 214:15 Lemon Pot 149:24 Lesser Garth Cave 84:14, 88:8, 139:15 area map 84:15 Libya Qasr Libiya Mega Dolines 200:41 Limley Pot access route 138:13, 141:11 Lingsdale Master Cave Derbyshire Extension 147:33, 148:9 Link Series 22:19 Little Hull Pot 110:9 Lizard Rift 139:10 Llanelly Quarry Pot 85:20-1 Fault Series 86:8 Totem Aven Extension 87:18 Llangattock caves 59:10, 76:20-1 hydrology 61:20-1, 69:9, 76:20-1 Llygad Llwchwr 164:20 hydrology 129:35 Llygad Llwchwr II 165:20 Terminal Sumps 12:21 Long Gour Cave 37:35 Long Rake Mine 7:17 Longwood Hole Renolds Passage 54:23 Speleo Rhal extension 46:6 Losers Pot 167:21 Lost Cavern (Grassington Moor) 92:23 Lost Cavern (Storrs Common) 37:39 Lost Johns Cave 159:21 connection with Notts II 233:32 hydrology 83:6 Low Douk Cave 215:25 Lower Cales Dale Cave 97:10 Lower Cheshire Wood Cave 209:16 Lower Cradle Hole 54:12 Loxton Cavern 189:29 Luntor Pot 179:24 Lyncombe Mine 174:11 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[63]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexK.html","2012-01-31","16K","Survey index K    ","",""," Survey index K Survey Index K Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Kalimantan area map 134:24 Kate Brook caves of 97:31 Keay Hole 31:23 Kelco Caves Lesser and Greater Kelco Cave 233:8 Keld Head and Kingsdale Master Cave 40:22-3, 41:6 Kelly’s Cave 216:14 Kelly’s Lane Cave 165:26, 183:14 Kettleness unnamed iron mine 195:30 King Pot 40:5 Kingsdale caves of 103:30 hydrology 147:32 Kingsdale Master Cave Black Rose Tunnel area 35:5 downstream sumps 98:25 East Kingsdale Branch 98:25 Keld Head link 40:22-3, 41:6 Roof Tunnel extension 32:26 Upstream Sumps 111:9 Kinvarra area map 110:24 Kirkdale Cave 139:27 Knotlow Cavern Crimbo Hollow area 114:11 Knotlow Mine 6:11 KY Cave 111:10, 112:9 Kyrgyzstan Kum-Tor Glacier Gold Mine 116:30 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[64]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexJ.html","2012-01-31","15K","Survey index J    ","",""," Survey index J Survey Index J Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Jacqueline Close Chalk Mine (part of) 5:27 Jamaica Morgan’s Pond Cave 35:45 Still Waters Cave 39:23 James Hall’s Over Engine Mine see JH Japan Akiyoshi-do 117:25 Ryugen-do 102:25 Java ClangapSurupan 73:21 JaranLuweng 63:29 JumblenganSurupan 73:23 PapringanGua 73:22 Jersey area map 184:35 JH 126:12 Bitch Pitch rigging topo 221: 29 Titan 148:12 Joe’s Cave 209:25 Joint Hole 60:13,105:8,112:9 Midge Hole connection area 111:10 Jordan area map 150:22 Iraq el Wahaj 150:24 Zubia Cave 150:23 Juniper Gulf 78:24 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[65]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexI.html","2012-01-31","16K","Survey index I    ","",""," Survey index I Survey Index I Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Ibbeth Peril System 115:33, 127:9 Ilam Main Rising 37:47 Illusion Pot Dale Barn Cave connection 161:12 India Mawmluh, Krem 113:32 Meghalaya area map 113:31, 158:27 Indo-Pacific Islands area map 100:21 Ingleborough Cave 160:18 Foot and Mouth Passage 162:10 historical survey 165:28-9 Iran Ali Sard Cave 20:18 Ghar Alisadr 165:31 Ghar-e-Danial 207:35 Koona Koter 20:17 Sar-Ab Cave 20:17-18 Ireby Fell Cavern 159:21, 215:24-5,26 Bubbles Route 191:14 Cripple Creek 205:26,27 Duke Street Sump 195:13 Ireby Fell Cavern/Notts Pot 87:10, 215:24-5 hydrology 83:6 Irian Jaya area map 96:21, 110:26 Isca Silurum Tunnels 73:18 Italy Corchia, Antro del 9:23, 23:5 Corchia, Antro del, hydrology 37:27, 41:8 Monte Novegno, Abisso di 127:27 Piaggia Bella 33:31 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[66]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexH.html","2012-01-31","17K","Survey index G    ","",""," Survey index G Survey Index H Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Hagg Gill Pot downstream passages 126:11 Halkyn Mines 149:21,22 Halloween Rift 212:11 Hammer Pot The Water Butt 207:28 Hamps & Manifold Valleys caves of 135:18 Hangmans Hole 88:27 Hangover Hole 120:8 Harelawhill Mine 108:15 Harland Pot 127:10 Harrogate Hole 178:28 location map 167:33 Hatley Rocks Holes 189:16 Hawaii see under USA Hazelnut Swallet 145:12 Heidbanger Hole 95:25 Hell Complex (Green Holes) 208:20-1 Henslers Pot 163:21, 175:21 Herberts Hole 191:13 Hermits Cave 83:26 High Pasture Cave 25:11 Hilliers Cave 51:35 Link Series 22:19 Hoarthorns Wood Swallet 118:16 Hobbs Quarry (Penwyllt) proposed extensions 24:34, 31:42 Hole in the Floor 210:8 Hole in the Road 52:5 Hopes Nose Submarine Caves 80:19 Howgill Sink 12:9 Hungary area map 108:24 Hunters Hole 168:34 Hunters Lodge Inn Sink 168:35, 174:28,29 relationship map 168:34 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[67]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexG.html","2012-01-31","19K","Survey index E    ","",""," Survey index E Survey Index G Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE G.B. Cave 214:21, 216:27 depressions near 2:25 Gabon Grotte de Mbenaltembe 208:27 Gaping Gill Far Waters and Whitsun Series 157:21 Martels survey 125:22, 172:10 Rat Hole topos 186:12 shafts 75:26 The Near Country 181:34 Gautries Hole 213:15 Gavel Pot area map 125:10 hydrology 83:6 Giants Hole 159:31 East Canal extensions 38:31 hydrology 49:39 Lower Syphon Complex 59:15 North Rift Extension 152:10 Gibbets Brow Shaft 215:35 Gingling Hole 72:14 1992 extensions 109:12 Glebe Mine Wet West Caverns 224:34 Goatchurch Cavern Drainpipe extension 46:5 Goughs Cave 72:9, 83:35 Goyden Pot 178:28 Aquamole Series 167:33, 188:30 location map 153:24 Manchester Hole connection 173:25 Grabbers Cave 132:31, 140:22, 194:17 Great Douk Pot 174:13 Greece Astraka Plateau area map 36:17 Epos Chasm 7:29 Green Holes 103:27 area map 74:9, 76:12, 78:12 Hell Complex 208:20-1 Isca Silurum Tunnels 73:18 Joes Cave 209:25 Mermaids Hole 76:14, 209:24 Reef Caves 78:12, 209:25 Urchin Cave 76:13 Greenhorn Caves (USA) 69:16 Grey Wife Hole 3:16-17 Grove Cliff caves of 92:31 Guernsey area map 184:35 Gwynt yr Eira, Ogof 129:34 hydrology 129:35 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[68]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexF.html","2012-01-31","16K","Survey index F    ","",""," Survey index F Survey Index F Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Fairy Cave 51:35 Fairy Cave Quarry caves of 51:35 Farnsley Lane Swallet 139:13 Farnsley Lane cave in 153:11 Fawr, Ogof 201:22 Fell Beck caves of 75:26 Fermanagh Caveland area map 109:11 Fernhill Cave 209:35 Fishmongers Swallet 158:21 Entrance series 158:20 Foel Fraith caves of 104:34 Fold Pot 39:27 foot and mouth disease world distribution map 160:30 Forest of Dean area maps 108:31 hydrology 100:26 Foss Caves 11:27 Foul Pot 162:21 France Chourum des Aiguilles 30:5 Font Maure 52:27 Gouffre Berger 60:28-9, 132:36 Gouffre Berger, Entrance Series 44:31, 78:18 Gouffre Berger, Reseau de la Brave Motivation 138:18 Gouffre Berger, Riviere Ecumante 138:18 Gouffre des Elfes 44:31 Morts-Vivants, Gouffre des 59:18 Rseau du Verneau 167:28-9 Rivire des Vitarelles 152:24 Scialet de la Combe de Fer 42:16 V3 chalk tunnels (Mimoyecques) 57:21 Vats of Sassenage, The 60:29 Frog Pot 178:28, 188:31, 191:23 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[69]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexE.html","2012-01-31","17K","Survey index E    ","",""," Survey index E Survey Index E Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Earl Pot 7:11 Ease Gill Caverns 49:6, 215:20 Fall Pot area 162:11 Pool Sink/Boundary Pot area 189:10 The Borehole 199:18 Upper ‘T’ Piece Passage 191:12 Wretched Rabbit Entrance area 224:27 East Twin Swallet 216:11 dig area 52:40 Sewer Rat Dig 167:13 Easter Cave (Berry Head) 90:13 Eastfield Quarry Caves 155:12 Eastwater Cavern Cenotaph Aven Series 88:20 Southbank Series 168:15 Ecuador Cueva de los Tayos 40:29 Eldon Hole historical surveys 82:33, 112:18, 149:31 Ellerbeck Hole 104:12 Elm Hole 72:23,24,29, 115:31 Engine Close Mine 86:14 Ethiopia Achere Cave 131:29 Harar area map 222:30 Holka Dima 1 222:32 Holka Kia 222:32 Jurassic limestone area map 222:30 Rako Barzala 222:31 Sof Omar area map 131:28 Excalibur Pot 213:21 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[70]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexD.html","2012-01-31","20K","Survey index D    ","",""," Survey index D Survey Index D Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Dairy House Slocker 6:22 Dale Barn Cave 29:25 Dale Barn Cave Illusion Pot connection 161:12 Damoclean Dig 131:14 Dan yr Ogof Battle of Britain Series 107:21 Cascade Aven 202:10 catchment area map 136:25 Chamber Pot Series 204:18 Corbels Chamber extension 107:22 High and Mighty Series 233:13 hydrology 154:15 Dan-y-Lleuad Wen, Ogof 104:35, 113:11 Daren Cilau 184:20 Agen Allwedd proximity 76:20-1, 87:20, 99:27 Agua Colorada Series 78:8, 79:13,14, 80:25 Busmans Holiday 113:21 Channers Dig, relationship to 93:25 Diggers Day Off 120:14 extensions in 1984 61:19 Frog Street 207:13 Hard Rock Extensions 72:31 hydrology 61:20-1, 69:9, 76:20-1 Micron area 79:16 Perseverance Passage 76:24 Saturday Night at the Movies 75:14 St Davids Series 72:31 Still Warthogs After All These Years 87:20 sumps 72:20 Time Machine extensions 64:13 Upstream Extensions 68:20-1, 69:6, 75:15 Darfar Pot 197:15 Dark Shamrock Traverse 110:25 Dennel Hill Caves location map 165:13 Dentdale Upper, area map 140:20-1 Derbyshire hydrology 14:27, 49:39 Diccan Pot 66:8 Dob Dale Cave 210:9 Dog Hole (Devon) 129:22 Dog Holes Resurgence (Derbyshire) 132:9 Dolaucothi Gold Mine 18:32 Dominican Republic Los Tres Ojos de Agua 55:23 Double Bucket Pot 198:11 Dowel Dale Side Pot 151:11 Dowkabottom Cave final chamber 86:10 Draenen, Ogof see Ogof Draenen Dub Cote Cave 104:14 Dumble Hole Swallet 137:9 Durham Edge Swallet 158:17 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[71]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexC.html","2012-01-31","30K","Survey index C    ","",""," Survey index C Survey Index C Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ Caine Hill Shaft 202:13 Calf Pingle North Mine 179:14 Canada Arctomys Cave 55:37 Canary Islands area map 120:21 Atlantida Tunnel 56:25 Carlswark Cavern Big Dig Sink area 212:15 Carno Adit (Ogof Carno) 182:21 1991 Series 102:21, 103:34 Blight of the Fumble Bee 112:17 Dill and Imaginary Menagerie 182:22 extensions 1992 106:8 High Anxiety 109:8 Littoral Zone 111:26 Open Season & The Precious Years 105:21 Poseidon Series 166:24 Space Oddity 116:25 True Grit 116:25, 120:12 Carreg Cadno hydrology 201:14 Carrickbeg Rising hydrology 96:26 Cascades Resurgence Cave area map 34:11 Cascades Rising Cave Sistine Chapel 218:8 Caucasus caves of 100:35 Cave of the Wild Horses Eastern Series extension 208:13 Central Asia area map 99:29, 102:29 Channers Dig 93:25 Chapel Rocks Cave 173:16 Chapel Wood Jet Mine 180:18 Chapel-le-Dale caves 112:9 Chapmans Rising 105:8, 112:9 Charterhouse Cave 214:21, 216:27,28 Frozen Cascade bypass dig area 218:14 High Time and 2010 extensions 219:24 Skeleton Passage extensions 219:23 Chartist Cave area map 194:6 Cheddar caves of 83:34 hydrology 83:36 China An He Doline area map 74:17 Celestial Beings Cave 168:25 Chongqing area map 123:27 Da Dong 176:21 Dong Ba 171:27 Downstream Doline Cave 123:26 Fulin Resurgence Cave 128:35 Guanyan System 69:23 Guizhou province area map 82:18 Hei Long Dong 128:35 Leye River System 163:25 Longmen Dong 174:32 Longtan Dong 69:21 Miao Keng 194:31, 200:27 Nan Dong hydrology 104:29 Pan Yang Cave System 82:24 Qikeng Dong 171:27 San Qiao catchment 168:24 South area map 104:29 Tianxing System 200:27 Tiencuan Dong 111:20 Xingwen County 111:20 Xio Zhai 123:26 Zhu Chou Jing 111:20 Christmas Swallet 73:28 Church Cave 216:14 Church Pot 153:24 Churns, The 190:14 Claig-Ionn, Uamh nan 37:6 Claonaite, Uamh an 50:30, 126:31, 204:12 Sumps 4-6 113:22 The Treen Scene 107:19 Clapham Bottoms Pot Kango Crawl Series 165:22 Clares Cave (Nether Water) 127:17 Clinker Bottom Cave 176:28 Clives Mine 157:14 Cloford Quarry Big Cave 180:10 Cloghermore Cave 145:17 Cnoc nan Uamh Downstream Extension 119:16 Upstream Extension 119:16, 120:17 Cockshoot Cave location map 165:13 Coffee Tavern Adit 185:10 Coire Domhain, Uamh an 109:16 Coire Mulrooney caves of 25:11 Colemans Maze 113:14 Committee Pot Iron Kiln Dig 159:21,22 Coniston Copper Mines 98:16 area map 113:34 bomb location 126:18 Grey Crag & Hospital Levels 113:34 Coole Cave 55:17 Corkys Pot 180:20-1 Corrie Limestone Mines 105:34 Cote Gill Pot 44:4,5 Crag Cave 55:16, 83:9 Towards The Unknown 59:13 Cragen, Ogof 177:20-1 Creevy Cave 212:35 Crematorium Pot 160:11, 184:17 Crete Omalos Cave 183:23 Critchlow Cave 97:10 Crochan Sion Hopkin 221: 11 Crock Pot 156:21 Crooks Hole 178:15 Cross Joints Swallet 176:28 Crucifiction Cave 149:24 Cuckoo Cleeves 91:25 Cullaun 5 Hunchedbacks Revenge 158:14, 160:14 Cupcake, The Connection to Notts II 219:30 rigging topos 221: 27 Cwm Cadlan hydrology 201:21 Cwm Dwr II 100:39,40 Cwm Pwll-y-Rhyd 77:20 Cynnes, Ogof 112:30 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[72]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexB.html","2012-01-31","29K","Survey index B    ","",""," Survey index B Survey Index B Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE Bagshawe Cavern 108:8 Englands Green and Pleasant Land 126:13 Far Drought Series 92:16 The French Connection 218:32,33 Lower Series Sumps 208:8 Montague Aven 149:18 Pothole Sump 193:13 Bagshawe Resurgence Cave 134:12, 200:17, 205:25, 208:8 Sump 2 198:14 Bahamas Andros Island area map 51:24, 53:26, 74:11 Benjamins Blue Hole 74:10 Four Shark Cave 134:30 Luscas Breath 134:30 Sanctuary Blue Hole 104:21 Uncle Charlies Blue Hole 51:26 Zodiac Caverns 55:28 Balch Cave 5:18-19, 51:35 Balls Green Stone Mines 104:31 Ban-y-Gor Cave 114:19 area map 165:13 Banwell Stalactite Cave 233:11 Bar Pot rigging topos 190:26 Violet Ground Beetle Passage 114:9 Barlands Quarry Cave 70:32 Barons Cave 94:26 Bath Swallet 199:9 Battery Swallet 207:18 Bax Pot 173:25 Baxter Pot access route 141:11 Beachy Head Cave 48:32 Beachy Head Fissure 48:30 Beachy Head Patricks Rift 48:31 Bean Pot 37:39 Beck Head 145:26 Beechtree Swallet 73:32 Beinn an Dubhaich Cave and Rising 179:17 Belau [Palau] Chie Malk 61:34 Belize Actun Xibalda 107:33 Mountain Pine Ridge area map 124:28 Pueblo Creek Cave 217:44 Rocky (Crab) Cave 124:29 Berry Head caves of 80:19 Easter Cave 90:13 Berton Pingles Pipe 155:8 Big Sink Cave 152:29 Birks Fell dye-traces 166:30 Bixhead Stone Mine 161:9 Black Keld 139:11, 155:24, 179:27 hydrology 155:25 Black Mountain area map 93:27 hydrology 81:17 Black Shiver Pot White Shudder Series 210:26 66:30, 198:11 Blacknor Hole 32:5 Co-operation Chasm area 41:21 Blackrock Quarry caves of 63:21 Blaen Hepste Hole [Twll Dychrynllyd] 98:29 Blaen Hepste Resurgence 99:19 Blaen Onneu Quarry Pot 98:27 Southern Extensions 106:34 Bleaklow Cave 125:12 Bogg Hall Cave 53:10 Boggarts Roaring Holes 164:31 lower section 164:32 Boho Caves Entrance area 168:9 Boiling Cauldron Rising 105:8 Bolt Hole 140:22 Bonsall Moor Swallet 164:13 Borrowdale Graphite Mines 82:27, 92:20 Bottle Pot 212:14 Bottlehead Slocker 204:15 Bowers Vein workings 140:10 Bowery Corner Swallet 99:31 Box Mines northern section 146:15 Bracken Cave 170:29 Brazil Gruta do Lago Azul 113:29 Gruta do Mimoso 113:29 Nascente do Rio Formoso 113:29 Broadfield Cave 127:9, 131:24 Browns Folly Mine part of 170:12 Bucklands Windypit 157:10 Bulgaria area map 105:26 Bull Pot of the Witches Downstream Sump 113:13 Bycliffe Mine 92:20 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[73]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/surveyindexA.html","2012-01-31","20K","Survey index A    ","",""," Survey index A Survey Index A Choose another letter Surveys A Surveys B Surveys C Surveys D Surveys E Surveys F Surveys G Surveys H Surveys I Surveys J Surveys K Surveys L Surveys M Surveys N Surveys O Surveys P Surveys Q Surveys R Surveys S Surveys T Surveys U Surveys V Surveys W Surveys X Surveys YZ caption CAVE REGION/EXTENSION REFERENCE 3D Cave 127:11 Agen Allwedd Africa Series 102:36 Against All Odds Chamber 77:18 Birthday Surprise 99:27 Daren Cilau proximity 188:21 Downstream Sumps 29:5 Gothic Passage 75:21 hydrology 61:20-1, 76:20-1 Llangattock 76:20-1 Maytime breakthrough 81:21 Northern Stream Passage 56:10-11 Price’s survey 151:25 Remembrance Passage 20:4 Shattered Passage & 1984 Series 58:14 Turkey Stream & Summertime 58:15 Aghanaglack area map 214:15 Aillwee Showcave entrance extension 75:12 Allt nan Uamh Stream Cave Upper Cave 4 107:18 Alsop’s Cave 124:10 Alum Pot Downstream Sump 94:10 Anemone Cave 119:26 Antoft’s Windypit 157:11 Appin area map 76:32 Aquaflash Pot 112:9 Aquamole Pot 168:21 Arch Cave Noon’s Hole link 63:10 Ariel Tunnel (Portland) 32:5 Arran, Isle of area map 105:34 Australia Cave C215 162:18 Cocklebiddy Cave H4:47 Eagles Nest System 30:23 Pannikin Plain Cave 89:20 Austria Ahnenschacht Cave, entrance series 5:32 Cave 1623/152 69:10 Eislufthöhle 40:11, 44:37 Eisturnenhöhle (G5) 152:18, 162:25 Kaninchenhöhle 92:18 Lamprechtsofen 186:22-3 Siegfried Mitzendorfer Höhle (C33) 162:24 Tunnockschacht 218:31 Axbridge Hill Cavern 221: 34 Ayleburn Mine Cave Terminal Chamber area 11:5 Ayleburn Pot 38:15 BACK TO SURVEY MENU     ");
array_files[74]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/secondhand.html","2012-01-31","13K","Back issues    ","",""," Back issues Second-hand copies of Descent With such a wealth of information contained in the pages of Descent and many cavers collect a set to use in combination with the INDEXES. Thus, out-of-print editions have become much sought after. To help collectors, to supplement the stock of BACK ISSUES, where possible gaps in the series are available as second-hand copies. Availability of these varies a great deal. Some early editions are very scarce and, strangely, so are a scattering of later editions (see the gaps inherent in the back issue stock). Prices also vary widely, according both to scarcity and condition – to a collector, creases or a stamped imprint would affect an issues desirability, while clubs may only wish to have a reading copy to place in the library. In short, expect prices higher than those for back issues – especially for copies in good condition – although sometimes a second-hand copy may be damaged and thus be cheaper than a back issue. Contents lists of the main articles may be found by looking at INDIVIDUAL ISSUES. Second-hand copies in stock are: Older, smaller format: 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 39 A4 format: 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 59, 60, 63, 108, 111 Handbook/Yearbook: 1994/95 Some gaps in the above series may be due to availability of back issues in stock, listed below. Please note that these second-hand stocks can and do change rapidly. Different copies of the same issue may be available at differing prices, depending on condition. If you are interested in any of these issues, please CONTACT US for details of price and quality of a specific edition. Back issues in stock, new at the standard back issue price, are: 34, 37 to 38 inclusive 45, 48 to 58 inclusive 64 to 67 inclusive 69 to 107 inclusive 109 to 110 112 to current issue inclusive If you have particular wants, let us know and we will keep your details on file in case a relevant issue comes into stock.     ");
array_files[75]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/subscriptions.html","2012-01-31","8K","Descent subscriptions    ","",""," Descent subscriptions Descent Subscriptions For details of UK subscription rates, click HERE For world-wide subscriptions, including airmail and surface mail, click HERE     ");
array_files[76]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/indexes.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent indexes    ","",""," Descent indexes Descent Indexes Find every reference ... Descent is partially indexed in minute detail. The first part of the project indexed all issues from (1) to (100), covering the years between 1969 and 1991 in a single A4, 56 page publication with 50,000 page numbers in over 10,000 categories in the subject section alone. The second index to be produced covered the following ten issues, (101) to (110) and subsequent publications were then written, to match a two-year cycle of Descent and were thus suited for binding with the issues they cover: (110) to (121) for 1993 to 1994 and (122) to (133) for 1995 to 1996. The project is ongoing. The indexes are incredibly detailed, with separate sections covering authors of both short reports, main articles and letters, correspondents, cover photographs and photographers, surveys (also see the note at the bottom of this page) and, of course, a complete subject index to both caves and mines mentioned in Descent as well as many general topics such as rescue and conservation. These are not merely contents lists as are sometimes issued in the guise of indexes, they are truly a major research tool that you should not do without. These indexes are only available direct from Wild Places Publishing. Indexes: (1)-(100): £10 ISBN-10: 0-906569-12-5 ISBN-13: 978-0-906569-12-2 (101)-(110): £4 ISBN-10: 0-906569-13-3 ISBN-13: 978-0-906569-13-9 (110)-(121): £4 ISBN-10: 0-9526701-0-0 ISBN-13: 978-0-9526701-0-0 (122)-(133): £4 ISBN-10: 0-9526701-3-5 ISBN-13: 978-0-9526701-3-1 The set covering all issues from 1969 to 1996: £19.00 Price includes p&p to a UK address: please see the ORDER FORM for other destinations A combined, online index to all surveys published in Descent may be found HERE.     ");
array_files[77]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/handbook.html","2012-01-31","11K","Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Descent Handbooks During its long life, Descent has produced a variety of handbooks and one yearbook, offering cavers a ready source of information about clubs, groups and the sport of caving. The magazine typically contained a questionnaire that club secretaries were asked to fill in and return, and this was the main source of data that was collated along with information supplied by the regional and national bodies. The first Descent Handbook for Cavers was published in 1970 as an A5, 28 page booklet. The next edition quickly followed, in 1971, extending its pagination to 34 pages of information, while the third appeared in 1974 and ran to 44 pages. The contents list also expanded, recording details of caving film for hire and accommodation as well as equipment and services, cave rescue organisations and the background to the newly emerging Ghar Paru Foundation. In 1977 the next iteration of the handbook sported a glossy card cover and 48 pages and was perhaps the last of what might be termed the traditional handbooks. It was another ten years before it was replaced, this time by the new publisher, Ambit, with the 1987/8 Caving Yearbook. Now 112 pages long, it had grown in stature with a square spine and articles on topics such as cave surveying with a micro-computer, video underground, a descent of the Gouffre Berger and a six-mile dive to the heart of the Nullarbor in Australia. The final production also belonged to Ambit Publications, with the release of a small ring-bound, looseleaf volume: The Descent Cavers Handbook, this published in conjunction with the National Caving Association in September 1994. It was packed with data and produced in a format that permitted updates so that cavers could switch pages for a more recent one, or add a new section. As far as is known, this only happened once, with a new set of pages produced in October 1995.     ");
array_files[78]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent223_Competition.html","2012-01-31","10K","Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine Competition Descent (223) contains one of our irregular caption competitions with five DVD copies of the film Cave of Forgotten Dreams as prizes (a second competition has a boxed set of Wainwrights Pictorial Guides to the Lakeland Fells as a prize). In addition, we have a sixth DVD copy of the film woth £15.99, supplied courtesy of BCA, to give away in this online-only competition. To enter, you must find the answers to the following three questions and send them to the Descent editorial address before midnight on the last day of 2011. You may use normal snailmail post or e-mail. To make this easier, all the answers appear on this website, so make full use of its search capabilities to help you. All correct answers will be placed into a helmet and the winner will be drawn at random; you do not need a copy of Descent to enter this competition, though of course we hope you are already a reader. Dont forget to include your postal address with your entry. 1. The Three Counties System hypothesis first appeared in Descent in which issue? 2. How many issues of Descent contain a survey of Lamb Leer Cavern? 3. How much did the first issue of Descent cost when it was published in January 1969? The answers are: 1. Issue (8) 2. Two (issues 84 and 117) 3. Two shillings and sixpence The winner was chosen at random from among the correct entries ... congratulations go to Geoff Long, who won the DVD.     ");
array_files[79]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent223_HautLanguedoc.html","2012-01-31","11K","Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Wild Places Publishing and Descent magazine The Caves of the Haut-Languedoc A major article in Descent (223) concerned the First International Meeting of Cave Photographers in Olargues, France. During the meeting, thirty-plus cave photographers spent a week shooting photos and video underground and around the base in Olargues. Some of the photos and films have been uploaded by the photographers to the web, either to personal websites or photo sharing sites. The links maintained here will leave the Wild Places website and open a new page; we are therefore not responsible for content. In many instances, much fine photography awaits your viewing at these sites, beyond anything shot in Olargues in August 2011. Please let us know of any additional links that are not included here. A list of photographers with sample images appears on the La Salle site. Kasia Biernacka and Marcin Gala, Poland Dave Bunnell, USA Philippe Crochet, France Csaba Egri, Hungary Espeleofoto.com, Spain Peter Gedei, Slovenia Ovidiu Guja, Romania Chris Howes, UK Bernd Kliebhan, Germany Uwe Krüger, Germany La Salle (group presentation) Franz Lindenmayr, Germany Michael Schopper, Germany     ");
array_files[80]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent222.html","2012-01-31","13K","Descent (222)    ","",""," Descent (222) Descent (222) October 2011 IN FULL COLOUR The Elusive Nymph A new species of pseudoscorpion has drawn Robbie Shone to the caves of Portugal, where it became the centrepiece of a photographic essay. To the Tesla Coil The National Speleological Societys annual convention in the USA offers cavers a week-long opportunity to meet folk, go caving and generally have a great time. Typecasting the Vertical Caver The Frog system of SRT is in widespread use across Europe, but it may not be as efficient as you think – when it comes to energy expenditure, much depends on your body type. Short but Sweet When it comes to expedition destinations, Ethiopia is not the most popular, but a British team has found that this region of Africa nevertheless holds promise. Gear review: EDZ All Climate Suit A new undergarment, designed to help to regulate body temperature, has been given a workout, underground. Talking International Rescue ... Cave rescue teams across Europe sometimes have very differing approaches to their work, partly due to how the organisations are set up and controlled. We can all learn from one another, hence heading for an international cave rescue meeting in Bulgaria. Not Flying Mice! Our British bats are, it seems, still misunderstood even though we as cavers are very likely to come across them close up. It was time for a caver-led, bat awareness course. Cover: Annie Guiraud in Kazumura Cave, Hawaii. Photo: Philippe Crochet     ");
array_files[81]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent221.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (221)    ","",""," Descent (221) Descent (221) August 2011 IN FULL COLOUR Mr Sparklers Glory Hole A trailer wheel punches into a new cave in the middle of an unmarked field. Cavers have new and deep rifts to explore in Mr Sparkler’s Glory Hole. Regaining Nicker Grove’s Streamway For over a decade the route to Nicker Grove Mine’s streamway has been lost to collapse – but thanks to the renewed attention of diggers, another section of the Peak District’s underground is open once again. Conservation in The Cupcake Diggers enjoy the excitement of a breakthrough, but also bear the responsibility of protecting their discoveries. Here we report on conservation in The Cupcake, plus a route description complete with rigging topos. A Bit of a Bitch As cavers, one after another, used the same rope on the notorious Bitch Pitch, its protective sheath parted to expose the core. Roy Deane: a varied life Roy Deane survived a serious flood that trapped him in Sleets Gill Cave in 1992; he went on to produce a film about the incident. Here, his companion Les Hewitt pays tribute to this friendly, helpful man. The Rediscovered Cave of Axbridge A ‘huge cave’ near Axbridge was discovered by miners in the 1920s, but by the 1950s its location had been lost. Cavers have searched for the entrance for over six decades and now, finally, its chambers have been revisited. The Peak Expedition The second Peak Expedition – an extended and intensive period of collaborative exploration – has come and gone with a new round of discoveries on record. Wrap-round cover: Martin Barnicott admiring the Blanc de Blanc column in the Delta area of the Réseau Félix Trombe, France. Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[82]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent220.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (220)    ","",""," Descent (220) Descent (220) June 2011 A Descent Special Edition with eight extra pages: The incredible grandeur of Cova des Pas de Vallgornera IN FULL COLOUR Gear review: Doming and New Wisdom Headights Two imported headlights are given a once-over with one question in mind: how do they stand up to a caver’s requirements? The Grandeur of Vallgornera The USA is rightly renowned for the richly decorated Lechuguilla Cave in New Mexico, but Europe has its equivalent, albeit seemingly less well known: Cova des Pas de Vallgornera on the island of Mallorca. In this Descent Special Issue we celebrate not only its exploration, but also its sheer beauty. Cave Movies: The Early Years Films shot in and about British caves are among the earliest ever made in the world and amateur movies provide us with a real sense of what caving was like in decades long gone. The Rescues of 2010 The British Cave Rescue Council tracks all rescues involving its members’ rescue teams, reporting annually on the statistics so revealed. Here you can learn where things went wrong for other cavers – so that you can ensure you don’t make the same mistakes. Nepal’s Nature Spirits Expeditions are not always huge, minutely prepared and heavily funded – sometimes they are small and comprise a few friends; a few cavers who are heading out with a destination in mind and a purpose: to have some fun! Across Dinaric Karst The Whitley Fund for Nature offers substantial support to suitable applicants working on significant conservation projects around the world. Now, caving has benefited from a £30,000 grant towards work in protecting the Dinaric karst. Dreams Fulfilled Werner Herzog’s film Cave of Forgotten Dreams has been on general release in the UK and gained a wide range of varied comment. Cover: Toni Mulet in a forest of straws, Cova des Pas de Vallgornera. Photo: Tony Merino     ");
array_files[83]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent219.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (219)    ","",""," Descent (219) Descent (219) April 2011 NOW IN FULL COLOUR Research in Water Icicle After an extension was made in the Peak District’s Water Icicle Close Cavern, a quickly installed gate kept out the tourists. So why shouldn’t there be free access for all? Recent Explorations in Boxhead Pot In 1994 Boxhead Pot yielded its entrance and since then there have been losses and gains aplenty on Leck Fell, but Boxhead has seen little action. Not so of late, however ... To Beyond the (W)hole of Time When winter closes access to the further reaches of Charterhouse Cave, it’s time to consolidate the year’s explorations, draw up the survey and report on what was found in 2010. The Rowter Hole Project The diggers are certain that undiscovered passage awaits them beyond the known limits of Rowter Hole in the Peak District, and they’re determined to find it! British Cavers Overseas The expedition season approaches, so check out the details of which group gained what in the latest round of grants from the Ghar Parau Foundation. The Cupcake Connection The Cupcake dig on Leck Fell has finally yielded to the inevitable: the connection has been made. Hallazgo Hitu Here is the story of how the long search ended for a connection from Spanish plateau to resurgence in the Cares Gorge: diving has finally linked Cueva Culiembro with Pozu del Xitu. The Prestige of Publication The Tratman Award has been restructured: which publication was judged the best of 2010? The Descent Caption Competition: Bogg Below Wharfeland Take a chuckle along with us and find out who won the latest competition and a diving watch prize. Cover: Tim Allen digging a trench to channel water in the mud-filled floor of the Boxhead Pot dig on Leck Fell. Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[84]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent218.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (218)    ","",""," Descent (218) Descent (218) February 2011 A Descent Special Edition: Exploration beneath Leck Fell NOW IN FULL COLOUR Images From the Past: Who Are We? Photographs of cavers in days long gone – see if you can help identify faces and places. The Descent Caption Competition: Bogg Below Wharfeland The days are numbered: you don’t have long to enter this latest Caption Competition with a superb Nite diving watch as a prize. Deep Under Leck Fell: The Dig into Shuttleworth Pot It started with a diving discovery, then came the science and finally the dig. In the first of two articles concentrating on the ongoing exploration of Leck Fell, we report a successful entry into Witches II via a new entrance, Shuttleworth Pot. From Stroganoff’s to Cupcakes Notts II, while keeping its secrets close, is seeing plenty of activity. Digging towards Lost John’s and the Three Counties link continues, but nearby the wonderfully named Count Lazlo Strogonoff’s Aven has been incrementally pushed and now another new entrance on Leck Fell is imminent. The Fearless Free-Diver The former chairman of the Cave Diving Group died recently. Here is a tribute to Mike Jeanmaire, better known as Fish. Back to the Loser Plateau Members of Cambridge UCC have returned to Austria once again to continuing pushing its deep caves, seeking a link and a mega-system through the system called Tunnockschacht. The French Connection For years, extreme drought has been required before diggers could reach the sharp end of Bagshawe Cavern. They needed a sump bypass ... Ogof T1 Here today, gone ... It is always superb to be able to announce a new discovery – this time a new cave in a new area of South Wales. How sad to also report that caver actions have also led to its permanent loss. Cover: Richard Mercer in House of the Rising Sump in Witches II, having entered via the new Shuttleworth Pot entrance. Photo: Mark Shinwell     ");
array_files[85]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent217.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (217)    ","",""," Descent (217) Descent (217) December 2010 A Descent Special Edition: The record for the worlds longest cave dive shattered in Pozo Azul in Spain, with eight extra pages NOW IN FULL COLOUR It’s a Long Way from Tipperary Indeed, it’s a long way to go – the furthest ever achieved in a cave dive. The record hasn’t merely been broken, it’s been totally shattered. Gear Review: JumpSuit Polartec Undersuit A strong and tough undersuit is put through its paces. Approaches to Cave Rescue Across Europe, cave rescue teams have one obvious aim. How that is achieved depends not only on the nature of the caves, but also on the teams’ varied approaches. The Leek Convergence The 2010 Hidden Earth annual caving conference was judged a resounding success by all who attended – here are the impressions it left. Scoska’s Moths and Mosses The life found in Scoska Cave has been studied for decades, which made it a natural choice for a learning experience. Showcase: Sir Francis Level, Swaledale For this issue Showcase moves from the back cover with a stunning, prize-winning photograph. The Descent Caption Competition: Bogg Below Wharfeland Chuckle at the entries from the last competition – will you be inspired and rise to our next challenge and thus win a superb diving watch? Bitten by the Bug Members of South Wales CC have yet again returned to Belize, evidently unable to stay away from its caves. The Bottom Line: Founders Day With legislation continuing to chip away at what is or is not permitted in our sport, Alan Jeffreys is becoming rather scared. Wrap-round cover: Eishöhle, Tennengebirge, Austria. Photos: Gaspard Magarinos and Andreas Schober     ");
array_files[86]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent215_survey.html","2012-01-31","10K","Three Counties Survey    ","",""," Three Counties Survey The Three Counties Descent (215) carries a major article on the exploration of the Three Counties System in the north of England, including a survey overview of Ireby Fell Cavern, Rift Pot and Low Douk Cave. A portion of the survey is printed in full detail, but constraints of page area means that passage detail in the overview survey is reduced. A fully detailed version that can be enlarged to see the detail it incorporates is held on the Cave Maps website: click anywhere on the above survey to link directly to the Ireby Fell Cavern page. Credits for this survey are as follows: Ireby Fell Caverns Surveyed by MMMMC, 2004 to 2010 Drawn in Tunnel by: Becka Lawson, Neil Pacey, Julian Todd Main surveyors: Richard Bendall, Anthony Day, Ray Duffy, Martin Green, Pete Hall, Becka Lawson, Sam Lieberman, George North, Neil Pacey, Dave Ramsay, Paul Swire, Julian Todd, Patrick Warren, Paul Windle Rift Pot and Low Douk Surveyed by MMMMC, 2009 to 2010 Drawn in Tunnel by: Becka Lawson, Neil Pacey, Julian Todd Main surveyors: Richard Bendall, Becka Lawson, Neil Pacey, Dave Ramsay, Julian Todd, Patrick Warren, Paul Windle This issue of Descent is in stock as a back issue: click HERE to order a copy TO BACK ISSUES PAGE     ");
array_files[87]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent216.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (216)    ","",""," Descent (216) Descent (216) October 2010 NOW IN FULL COLOUR Caving with the Mother of God When science required speleothems and the weather data they contain from the limestones of southern Chile, cavers were only too eager to lend a hand. Gear Review: CTS Rope Rat A new and unusual SRT accessory is put through its paces. Beyond Portal Pool Each winter theres frustration when access is denied to the further reaches of Charterhouse Cave, despite the presence of tantalising, ongoing leads. Sun, Sea and Speleology Exploration in Thailand awaits cavers willing to arrange a holiday with a difference. Lighting the Darkness Not all pictures are created the same: heres a different approach to cave photography. Matienzo: a Fiesta at Fifty Can it really be fifty years since explorations began in Matienzo? It must be, as the British team has organised a fiesta. If White Nose Comes to Britain White Nose Syndrome is proving the scourge of bats in North America. Now, it has been confirmed as present in Europe: what should we do if we spot an infected bat in the UK? The Descent Caption Competition: Napoleon Comes to Town Your reminder to enter our competition to win an oversuit, by simply making us all laugh. Cover: Annie Guiraud in the lower levels of Grotte de la Cocalière, France. Photo: Philippe Crochet     ");
array_files[88]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent215.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (215)    ","",""," Descent (215) Descent (215) August 2010 A Descent Special Edition: Major coverage of the Three Counties System with eight extra pages and a change to full colour throughout The Three Counties A significant new link forged in the Three Counties System has produced the impetus for this major article in three parts: the history of the system, the latest breakthrough and where we go from here. Part of the article concerns the connection between Ireby Fell Cavern and Rift Pot and reproduces the latest survey. A file with greater detail than can be incorporated in Descents page area is held HERE. Otters Memory Lane A trip to the Hall of Thirty in Otter Hole isnt that unusual – but this is a special occasion for the person who found the cave. The Caves of Khaybar Theres sand and more sand, but Saudi Arabias desert contains an estimated 400km of unmapped caves. Shooting a Classic Cover For cave photographers, this is how our wrap-round cover was shot. Unravelling the Lamb Leer Enigma Access to Mendips Lamb Leer has been lost for years, but now a nearby dig holds the hope for a new route into the cave – and its location was predicted four decades ago. The Descent Caption Competition: Napoleon Comes to Town Make us laugh and win an oversuit. Learning from the Manchester Tragedy The court case involving the death of a schoolboy during a led caving trip has closed: here is the background to the fatality and what we can learn from the incident. The Credit Crunch Expedition Not going on a traditional expedition this year? Why not stay at home and take part in an all-hands-on, two-week-long, money-saving digging project in the Peak? Named for an Outlaw Its amazing what can be learned about caves in a single day talking science and hydrology in and around Pooles Cavern. The Bottom Line: Obsession Alan Jeffreys is ranting again, this time about an obsession. Wrap-round cover: Rafts in the active river cave of Križna jama, Slovenia. Photo: Gaspard Magarinos and Andreas Schober     ");
array_files[89]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent214.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (214)    ","",""," Descent (214) Descent (214) June 2010 Radon in South Wales More data on the concentration of radon gas in Welsh caves has been gathered by Clark Friend, updating previous reports in Descent. Beyond the Chill Out Choke Charterhouse Cave has seen major extensions over the past two years and it is time to start telling the detailed story of how Chill Out Choke was passed. Wookey’s Anniversary It’s 75 years since the first dives took place at Wookey Hole. Through the decades equipment has moved on, but that pioneering spirit remains unchanged. Renovating The Stump Much of the background to British caving is based on clubs and their activities, so it is a real pleasure to find one which has – in a particularly spectacular manner – invested in renovating a cottage as a new headquarters. Cavers and the Land All caves lie on land owned by some person or entity, so what are our rights of access? The Fun Side of Coming of Age BCRA’s series of cave science meetings has reached its 21st anniversary with a weekend studying Mendip’s caves. Meghalayan Days The latest caving expedition to Meghalaya in India has returned with a tale of swimming through long river caves, being buried by rocks and generally having a ball. The Rescues of 2009 We can all learn from the mistakes that others make, so peruse the details of the rescues of 2009. Cover: James Alker in Pompom Passage in Whiterock Cave, Mulu. Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[90]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent213.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (213)    ","",""," Descent (213) Descent (213) April 2010 The Consummate Digger Willie Stanton, oft times a controversial character that many will know of from his co-authorship of a Mendip guidebook and extensive digs, has died. Those who knew him well pay tribute to a life spent in search of caves – but only conducted his way. Ogof Draenen: Open or Closed? Problems in South Wales have brought a landowner response that may close the cave. Excalibur’s Hidden Secrets The team that discovered Excalibur Pot in 2007 bring us up to date with news of an extension and progress in nearby digs. Searching the Depths Mexico: a country that attracts international expeditions every year, and now one where a locally organised team has, for the first time, pushed a cave well below the magic kilometre. The Moss Aftermath The aftermath of the death of Neil Moss in Peak Cavern in 1959 still reverberates in the UK: this was a tragic loss with far-reaching effects. Ralph Johnson was there and adds to the documentation with his memories of what happened, not during the rescue attempt but afterwards. Gear Review: Aquapure Traveller Water purity is sometimes overlooked; sport cavers might carry a small drink, but what of those camping underground or on expedition? This lightweight filter might be the answer. Heading Overseas Read the results of the latest round of awards from the Ghar Parau Foundation as British cavers once again head out on expeditions. Four Years On ... It’s four years since the British Caving Association began to look closely at falling caver numbers and how newcomers to the sport might be encouraged and nurtured – here is how the campaign is progressing. A Refreshingly Different Holiday We could all do with a holiday, it goes without saying. So while dreaming of foreign climes, think about how you might arrange a trip – diving or otherwise – to the caves of the Dominican Republic. Churchill Revisited (Part 3) Our coverage of the 2009 Hidden Earth conference reaches its conclusion. Cover: Dan Hibberts climbing in Fox Chamber, Winnats Head Cave. Photo: Rob Eavis     ");
array_files[91]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent211.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (211)    ","",""," Descent (211) Descent (211) December 2009 Bad Air in Caves Cavers surely know by now the dangers and effects of bad air from the build-up of carbon dioxide in caves. However, some of the latest research suggests that we don’t know everything about how the gas behaves and where we might find it ... The Discovery of Hang Son Doong Can it be possible? On this shrinking planet of ours, that we can still find a massive, readily accessible cave that, unexpectedly, contains the largest known passage in the world? The Future of Cave Surveying Cave surveying has progressed in leaps and bounds, moving from slow recording using a compass, tape and clino to a fully integrated, electronic system. Caver ingenuity has modified some existing kit: enter the DistoX and the advances and promises for future developments that it represents. Pool Fingers of the World You might never have heard of a pool finger, a speleothem thought to widely exist yet with relatively few recorded instances. The cry for help has been broadcast: can you find any? Texas Caving Every four years an international congress draws participants from around the world to learn more of their sport, renew friendships and go caving in classic systems. Just so for 2009, when the 15th such gathering was held in Texas. This was not so much a caving event as the centrepiece of a way of life. Churchill Revisited Not to be outdone by the international congress, the Hidden Earth team laid on an excellent weekend’s fare on Mendip. We hereby open our coverage of this premier British conference. Cover: Annie Guiraud in Stephens Gap, Alabama. Photo: Philippe Crochet     ");
array_files[92]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent212.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (212)    ","",""," Descent (212) Descent (212) February 2010 The Urchin in the Icicle Cavers have been digging in Water Icicle Close Cavern for over twenty-five years, seeking a route through the choke at the end. Finally, there’s been a breakthrough ... Gear review: Troglite and Petzl Headlights Some very different designs of LED lights come under scrutiny: the caver-built Troglite and the new Petzl upgraded range of Tikka and XP headlights. Wild Wales Weekend CHECC has held another of its annual caving weekends, this time to the tune of heavy rainfall and flooding caves. To Toad Hall and Beyond The sump beyond Toad Hall in Australia’s Cocklebiddy Cave had held up progress for long enough: it was time to push onwards to the utter limit of cave diving. Churchill Revisited (Part 2) The second part of our major report on the 2009 Hidden Earth conference. Here are the lectures on recent overseas expeditions, many of which are previously unreported. The bottom line: The Missing (C) Link Alan Jeffreys returns to our pages to look at the loss of our humble weapon in the armoury of descent: the electron caving ladder. Rant on, our Goon! Watching, Recording, Monitoring ... A cave monitoring scheme has been running in the north of England since 2008 and is soon to close down. So what’s all that about, then? What has been learned, how might we still help? A Rite of Passage Outrageous! Research leads cave divers to an entrance sump, only to find that they can gain access to open passage by mere swimming. Damn, damn, damn: they only wanted to go diving, not discover a cave! Join Artur and Al as they explore Creevy Cave in Ireland, finding they were not the first to be there by a long chalk. Cover: Hauling gear in the sump at –758m in J2, Mexico. Photo: Kasia Biernacka & Marcin Gala     ");
array_files[93]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent209.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (209)    ","","Descent (209) contents features list     "," Descent (209) Descent (209) August 2009 Gear Review: Beast D-ring It’s a neat bit of kit, it seems; how could you live without ... a D-ring? Of Tigers and Old-Timers The latest expedition to return from the giant caves of Mulu was a stunning success, combining exploration with cutting-edge science and drawing on the talents of not only newcomer cavers, but those of greater years and experience. A Life in Caves We say a final farewell to Claude Chabert. The Siren Song Artur Kozlowski continues his account of diving exploration in the Green Holes of Doolin on the Atlantic coast, where unentered passages weave their spell. A Wharfedale Weekend (Part 5) With a new Hidden Earth weekend on the horizon, we conclude our major coverage of the 2008 event. Working with St Patrick Yet more passages have been found and the survey is now far advanced, so the team thought it was time for an update on work in Shannon Cave. Resurrecting Fernhill What was lost was not forgotten – these are cavers, after all! They knew full well that the void of Fernhill Cave still lay beneath the quarry spoil. It seemed that the time to excavate had come, to reveal once more the cave’s rich decorations. The Bottom Line: Life As We Know It Yes, it’s the return of Alan Jeffreys with another of his occasional, captivating musings, this time concerning what might become of his blood! Cover: Mandy Voysey in Fernhill Cave. Photo: Mark Gonzo Lumley     ");
array_files[94]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent210.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (210)    ","",""," Descent (210) Descent (210) October 2009 One, Two, Three or More? ‘Ogof Draenen provides us with a rare opportunity, perhaps our last, to preserve a really remote cave wilderness.’ Thus argues Tim Guilford as he examines the pros and cons of opening up easier access routes into our caves: to dig or not to dig, that is the question! Shuddering in the Dales An unclimbed, relatively accessible aven was just asking to be investigated – producing an extension to Black Shiver Pot: the White Shudder Series. CHECC in the Peak CHECC organised a highly popular forum for student cavers in 2008. Helen Brooke reports on the event, in advance of another gathering in November. The Descent Retrospective: Descent – Those Funny Years It is finally the turn of Descent itself to appear as part of our occasional series of retrospective articles reflecting on changes in our sport since the magazine first appeared in 1969. Take a look at how it all started, as told by non other than its founder, Bruce Bedford (and nary an aardvark in sight!). The Withybrook Link Withybrook Slocker on Mendip was inaccessible for years, buried beneath debris and silt and subject to flooding. Then cavers took control ... A Big Pitch ... But Squatty Toilets Not all expeditions are earth-shattering, visiting significant regions of the world and requiring major expenses to support the high-profile teams. No, sometimes it’s a caving club simply organising a trip for its members, albeit with a specific objective in sight – in this case an undescended pitch where a dropped stone produces echoes after a delay of six seconds. Cave Rescue in South Wales The cave rescue scene in South Wales has dramatically changed, with Gwent CRT taking the decision to wind up its affairs – creating an expanded operational area for the West Brecon team. Cover: Fleur Loveridge with formations in Ogof Draenen. Photo: Ben Lovett     ");
array_files[95]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent208.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (208)    ","","Descent (208) contents features list     "," Descent (208) Descent (208) June 2009 In the Wake of Poseidon In only a short period, Artur Kozlowski has become known for his cave diving exploration – but when and where did his exploration fever take hold? The Green Holes of Ireland is where, so join Artur as he enters Hell and keeps on going. The Rescues of 2008 Each year the BCRC assembles the cave rescue statistics on behalf of British teams. Why? So that we can learn what the commonest factors are that led to a callout. Read, digest and take care down there! Gear Review: Three Petzl Headlights With so many headlights on the market, what parameters are important for cavers? Take a look at three very different lights from the Petzl stable. A Feast of Science Gather cavers and archaeologists and what do you have? An incredible weekend of science. A Wharfedale Weekend (Part 4) Our major report on the Hidden Earth event of 2008 continues with further coverage of every lecture. The Descent Retrospective: The Rise and Fall of Northern Caving Caving publications come and go, judging by the repetition of their titles appearing in print. Not Descent, we hasten to add but, in the next in our occasional series of Descent Retrospectives, we look at the independent caving publications of yore. Read on to learn more of the Rise and Fall of Northern Caving. Cover: Toni Sharp with David Holmes in Swildon’s Hole. Photo: Steve Sharp     ");
array_files[96]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent207.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (207)    ","","Descent (207) features list     "," Descent (207) Descent (207) April 2009 A Decade of Freedom Post-war Britain was very different from our world, but while you ’ad to be ’ard to be a caver without today’s lightweight kit and leisure time, the 1950s was a decade of comparative freedom that engendered the best of exploration. A Wharfedale Weekend (Part 3) Here is part three of our continuing report on the Hidden Earth 2008 conference. Almost a Hammer Horror Give an inch and take a mile, so goes the saying. For Hammer Pot, it was a rumoured mile but, well, it has to be said that the breakthrough was somewhat shorter. The Best Caving in the World There was a clusterfaff and they partook of some of the best caving to be had anywhere. And there were celebrations and great joy for locals and cavers alike. The pig didn’t necessarily agree. In a Hospitable Land The caves of Iran have seen an upsurge in exploration in recent years not only by visiting teams but from local groups. Simon Brooks has been back to this astonishing country, where surveying continues apace. The Rich History of Cango For many years a heavily publicised showcave, Cango Cave in South Africa has seen many changes, from the production of an early colour photograph linked to the installation of electric lights – and once upon a time visitors were even issued with special ‘cave clothing’. Cover: Serena Povia in Peak Cavern. Photo: Toby Speight     ");
array_files[97]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent206.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (206)    ","",""," Descent (206) Descent (206) February 2009 The Longest Caves Cavers have always sought to set a record, be it to explore the planet’s deepest or longest. Yet, what – geologically speaking – controls how a long cave forms? Cave geologist of world renown Art Palmer takes us on a rocky trip to discover the answer. For Fun and Revelations Climbing Titan on ladders seems an odd way of having fun – but every caver will understand the thrill of discovery, as a new extension leads from the Titan Streamway into well-decorated voids. A Wharfedale Weekend (Part 2) Here is part two of our continuing report on the Hidden Earth 2008 conference. Deep Down and Dirty British expeditions to Cuetzalan in Mexico have seen their share of both exploration and controversy. With a cave rescue, politics and deportation now left far behind, it’s time for a new approach. The Promised Land From The Depths of Hades to Colosuss, the White Mountains of Crete provided plenty of shafts for the most recent SUSS expedition to explore. Ireby from the Inside ‘North East Inlet crashed out of the roof, obliterating the passage – the river reminded me of the colossal Nare river cave in Papua New Guinea.’ So it was to experience a flooding Ireby Fell Cavern. Jim’s Last Words Caving raconteur Jim Eyre died in September 2008, leaving behind a wealth of outrageous stories and cartoons. We pay tribute to this unusual man of hidden talents, one of the last greats from a different era. Cover: Tim Webber climbing the cascades in Titan Streamway. Photo: Rob Eavis     ");
array_files[98]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent205.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (205)    ","","Descent (205) features and contents list     "," Descent (205) Descent (205) December 2008 Everything to Excess Caving has lost one of the most popular characters to have ever lived on Mendip. His friends pay tribute to digger and explorer Tony ‘J-Rat’ Jarratt. Proving Martel’s Postulate The search for a link between Bagshawe Cavern and its resurgence has taken many years, but at last the underwater connection has been made – and a new dig leads onwards into the flow. Onwards Through The Bellybulger Since its discovery in February, Cripple Creek, a dry link bettween Ireby I and II, has seen cavers push and push onwards again and again. Even after being trapped by floodwater, they are far from finished with the system. A Wharfedale Weekend One of the best attended Hidden Earth conferences in recent years was held in September. Here is the first part of our coverage of this popular event. A Speleologist and Man of Iron Jack Myers is perhaps best known for his co-authorship of the classic 1952 Underground Adventure, yet here was a man who knew how to fight adversity and accomplish so much more. Assessing the Radon Risk If cavers encounter a high concentration of radon underground, they are unlikely to even know it as the gas is invisible and carries no smell. The latest research from the Peak District is accompanied by advice on how to assess the health risk for yourself. On Floods and Flooding When it comes to rainfall and high water, we all know what we should do to avoid becoming another rescue statistic. So why are so many cavers getting it wrong? Wrap-round cover: Eishöhle at 2,100m asl, Tennengebirge, Austria. Photo: Andi Schober and Gaspard Magarinos     ");
array_files[99]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent204.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (204)    ","","Desent (204) features contents list     "," Descent (204) Descent (204) October 2008 Journey to the Centre of the Earth For many years the restricted depths of Wookey Hole have challenged cave divers, who have successively added a few metres to the record books. To everyone’s surprise, though, a dive in Ireland has smashed the record for the deepest cave dive in the British Isles, now over 100m below the earth and open and ongoing. Playing Russian Roulette With one fatality and another serious incident due to ‘bad air’ occuring in recent months, this is a timely warning of what to watch out for underground. Sores for Charity Surely, only an idiot would contemplate the exhaustion and pain of climbing a mile of rope by SRT – but the spur was to raise money for charity. Enter (multiple) trips up Titan during some of the wettest of British weather. Gear Review: Freeloader Charger Recharging batteries when there is no mains electricity can be difficult on expeditions, but perhaps a solution lies with using solar power. Revealing Gaping Gill Surveying using a laser is not the cheapest or fastest method of depicting a cave, but the 3D results are stunningly effective. Overground Underground ... For a long time the hype was building, then came the fourth European Speleological Congress – and from the far side of the world, a national caving event in New Zealand! The Bottom Line: On Knowing Gibberish When I Hear It The inestimable Alan Jeffreys returns with another of his occasional and apposite series on aspects of caves and caving. This time periphrasis, prolixity and even prescriptivism come to mind ... Cavers’ Hairy Ancestors With much effort expended in filming an archaeological cave dig, what claims were made in the ensuing programme? Cover: Tony ‘Badger’ Radmall in Ogof Draenen’s entrance series. Photo: Paul ‘Footleg’ Fretwell     ");
array_files[100]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent203.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (203)    ","","Descent (203) features contents list     "," Descent (203) Descent (203) August 2008 The Descent Retrospective: The Changing Face of British Expeditions Our series of ‘retrospective’ articles, looking at changes in caving since Descent was first published, continues with Dave Checkley’s examination of the evolution of British caving expeditions. Adieu: The British Caver With its subtitle A Netherworld Journal, The British Caver was published for over seven decades until it finally ceased publication in 2007. It is time to bid farewell. Caring for Our Caves Our caves are our heritage; we are their custodians for tomorrow’s cavers, so isn’t it time to put in some effort? Quote of the Month: The Grotto of Adelsberg Only after a good night’s sleep did the travellers realise that they had not been ‘under the influence of a midnight dream, during all that strange voyage of discovery to the heart of the earth.’ Researching Cave Radon The results of the latest radon gas studies in the caves of Llangattock in South Wales were surprising, to say the least. The Wolf Den: Ten Years On The human bones discovered by cavers in the Wolf Den over ten years ago have been returned to their resting place, but not before some further research was undertaken. It was Only a Fishmonger’s Tooth Continuing the archaeological theme, another team is busy excavating and filming in Fishmonger’s Swallet. The Dig There was only a five-inch gap to get through. That’s all ... Cover: Rob Eavis in Tripa tou Voria, Greece. Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[101]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent202.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (202)    ","","Descent (202) contents features     "," Descent (202) Descent (202) June 2008 The Moorland Excalibur Working in a little-visited caving region, in this edition of Descent a determined band of cavers reveals the major discovery of Excalibur Pot. The Descent Retrospective: Into British Depths With a look at the changes and advances made in British cave exploration since Descent began reporting in 1969, Ric Halliwell presents the next in our series of ‘retrospective’ articles. Student Cavers in Wales CHECC’s annual training-and-caving-and-party weekend was a huge success. The Rescues of 2007 What went right and what went wrong? Here’s a run-down of last year’s cave rescue incidents. Gear Review: Shewee It’s a delicate subject, but it’s time the question was tackled: how might women (ahem!) best pee in a cave? Young, Free and Desperate Exploration in Shannon Cave is a story of gains and losses, but with renewed access through a collapsed choke it was again time to tackle the sump – at last, through the cold and mud and squalor, it was breakthrough time! Caving’s Hour of Exercise The concluding part of our major report on Britain’s annual caving conference, Hidden Earth 2007. Images from the Past: Off to Duke Street Our occasional series of olden-day images continues with a 1961 trip to Ireby Fell Cavern. Cover: Matt Ewles and the Holy Grail formation in Excalibur Pot, North York Moors. Photo: Gary Douthwaite     ");
array_files[102]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent201.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (201)    ","",""," Descent (201) Descent (201) April 2008 So Near Yet So Fawr It’s been hard work, but a major depression in South Wales is finally yielding results. Gear Review: Scurion Headlamp Caver-designed and caver-built, how does the Scurion handle the dark? Gentleman of the South Mike Thompson’s name was not as prominent as that of some cavers, yet his caving life was inextricably linked with a broad sweep of UK exploration. The Parallel Universe There’s mud and there’s mud – at least, there seems to be enough to entirely fill an alternate, Parallel Universe deep beneath Leck Fell. Gear Review: Warmbac Daren Bag A new tackle bag has been designed specifically to stand up to the rigours of Daren Cilau. The Expeditions of 2008 Once again, British cavers are heading overseas; here’s the details of the year’s expeditions. Caving’s Hour of Exercise It’s part three of our major report on the annual caving conference, Hidden Earth 2007. Malkins, Fairies and Hobthrushes Also named for a wildcat, a pair of archaeologists and mythological beings, this is the cave of Moking Hurth revisited. A Half-century Underground A number of clubs have reached their half-century; it’s Oxford’s turn to commemorate its first fifty years underground with a trip back to their very first cave. The Link with Link Pot When members of the Red Rose CPC were asked to help produce a live television broadcast from within Link Pot, they rose to the challenge. Cover: Jim Lister in The Eyehole in Pickering’s Passage, Peak Cavern. Photo: Richard Tooley     ");
array_files[103]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent199.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (199)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (199) Descent (199) December 2007 Connections It was the 1960s and a time of discovery across South Wales. Forty years ago the connections were made and passages in Ogof Ffynnon Ddu unfolded, ripe for exploration. Descent Competition 200 The gauntlet is laid down: can you tell us something personal about your caving career? If the answer is a simple ‘yes’ and your anecdotes are unrivalled, a flight in a Tiger Moth awaits you. A Fresh Pair of Eyes The further reaches of Mendip’s Wigmore Swallet have not attracted much attention over the past decade or so – descriptions such as ‘demanding’ and ‘contaminated’ did little to encourage exploration. However, with a fresh pair of eyes looking for a way on, where there’s a will there’s a way. A Giant Leap for a Frog Dig, dig, pedal, pedal. Yes, the tri-cycle spoil removal mechanism has paid off: at last, a breakthrough in Scotland’s Rana Hole. Caving’s Hour of Exercise A huge number of cavers turned up to enjoy the Hidden Earth conference weekend – where they were even encouraged to take more exercise! Bliss of Casterton Fell Ron Bliss, cave photographer for half a century and more, died a few days before his eightieth birthday, thus missing the rightful acclaim his latest work has drawn. Here is his tribute. The Gully Cave Question With Belay Point overflowing into the main part of the issue, a letter challenging the effects of cave archaeology on the environment has drawn a swift response. Cover: Maypole Inlet, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu, during original exploration. Photo: Paddy OReilly     ");
array_files[104]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent200.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (200)    ","","Descent (200) features and contents     "," Descent (200) Descent (200) February 2008 A special edition with eight extra pages Caving’s Hour of Exercise (Part 2) Here is the continuing report on the National Caving Conference, Hidden Earth, that began in Descent (199). Hunting the Heights of Miao Keng Unable to help himself, despite all he suffered in 2006, Rich Gerrish is back in China – determined to climb upwards above a half-kilometre-deep shaft. Farewell to Jim Another of caving’s characters has left us: we say farewell to caver, climber, author and reporter Jim Lovelock. Up the Creek in Inlet 14 Given all our modern equipment, exploration – when it comes down to it – still depends on the right never-give-in attitude. Even if it almost kills you. Descent’s Competition 200 Your challenge was to write something personal about your caving career: we can now announce the winner and you can read and enjoy the winning entry. Safeguarding Our Future Our speleo heritage is being gathered back together from far-flung corners of the country. David Judson writes of the plans being laid to set up a national caving library and heritage centre. Connections II South Wales and the 1960s: an area rich in exploration fever, in particular making the connections between the different parts of Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. How Top Entrance was discovered might surprise you. The Descent Retrospective: You Mean You Actually Used That? To help celebrate our 200th edition, Descent asked several cavers to write about changes that have taken place since it began in 1969. The first, by Alan Jeffreys, takes a close look at our equipment: this is how it used to be! Cover: A mosaic of 200 covers for this special edition of Descent     ");
array_files[105]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent198.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (198)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (198) Descent (198) October 2007 Of Hammocks and Holes An Oxford University CC expedition has returned to the Picos de Europa in northern Spain to push Pozu Chicago from the point where exploration ceased in 2006: an ongoing, open shaft. Blissful Days Cave photographer Ron Bliss produced some of the UK’s classic cave photos during the 1950s and later decades and, even given their age, many of them would be familiar to modern cavers. Here, a tribute is paid to the quality of Ron’s early lantern slides. Pump Up the Volume If water was the agency that formed our caves, why shouldn’t it be used to empty them out again – it would be sooooo much easier than digging by hand! Caving Fatalities in the UK Following an enquiry concerning a possible caving fatality in the 1930s, it proved surprisingly difficult to pull together data for all known incidents, including those that pre-dated the formation of the cave rescue teams. Here is the result of the research. Hungarian Rhapsody When cavers from the UK attended the 11th International Cave Rescue Conference in Hungary, they found time to do far more than attend lectures. In the company of fellow delegates, language was no barrier to exploring the vast karst plateaux of Aggtelek National Park and the caves they contain. Gear Review: StenLight S7 and KSE Lamp Two caving-suitable, lightweight headlamps are fresh on the UK market, and both perform extremely well. Fountains of the Great Deep Alan Jeffreys, in his inimitable style, believes that every caver should experience a full-blown flood – from the inside of a cave. Cover: John Robinson in Long Churn Cave. Photo: Dave Ryall     ");
array_files[106]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent196.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (196)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (196) Descent (196) June 2007 Gear Review: Raumer Handy Braking Karabiner A replacement for the traditional steel karabiner used for extra control in SRT, the Raumer Handy, is on test. A Glimpse of the Starless River To celebrate the publication of the second part of his autobiography, for your amusement and edification Jim Eyre has set down his story of a pirate trip in France, written in his own inimitable style. The Rescues of 2006 The British Cave Rescue Council has released details of the rescues that took place in 2006 – read what went right and what went wrong and learn from the mistakes that others made. A Tribute to the Wig Dave Irwin, a highly respected caver and speleohistorian, died in March. Some of those who best knew him offer their reminiscences in this tribute. A Return to Parau In the 1970s two British caving expeditions pushed the Iranian cave of Ghar Parau to what was hoped would be a new world record, without success. Simon Brooks has made a return and reports on the history of exploration, his part in the latest expedition from Russia and other ongoing projects in the country. Anchor Failure on Mendip When a red rash of spits began to appear across the UK in the 1980s, a national scheme was set up to place solid, permanent anchors on behalf of all cavers. The problem is, for the first time an anchor has failed its test – and when further checks were made on Mendip, several more followed suit. Here is the latest news. Cover: Mark Brown in a shaft in the White Mountains of Crete. Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[107]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent197.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (197)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (197) Descent (197) August 2007 Dog Cams and Sound Bites A major BBC television programme about caves has been made, due to be screened in August. Here is the story of how the project was planned and filmed. The Man of Friday the Thirteenth Twenty years ago, on a solo trip, Watty pushed Penyghent Pots Friday the Thirteenth Series to a conclusion; it was a bold, hard undertaking. Tragically, Jon Watt died young: here is his tribute. Crocs, Docs, Critters and Caves An expedition to islands off the coast of Panama has proved fruitful, even if the local fauna might have thought otherwise. The Destruction of the Robey Reports of the loss of mining artefacts and buildings are all too common, and now two more have been destroyed. Mining historians will mourn the loss of the Robey Incline in North Wales. Speleovision: Panoramas and Giants From the UK comes a new film about pushing Spains Sima GESM, while from the USA is a new departure: a set of stunningly beautiful panoramic views of Carlsbad Caverns and Lechuguilla Cave that can be viewed from any angle, as if in the centre of a sphere. Blind Date Caving Anyone? Are caving clubs failing to attract newcomers to the sport ? What of the internet and its prevailing influence? If you simply want to get underground, whats a girl to do? The Bottom Line: Oh Let My Books Be Then the Eloquence ... Perhaps faced with limited funds or simply overenthusiastic editors, caving clubs regularly seem to discuss whether to issue their journals as electronic files, consigning paper to oblivion – but not if Alan Jeffreys has a say in it. Cover: Dave Harley traversing on the Event Horizon, Titan. Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[108]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent194.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (194)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (194) Descent (194) February 2007 The Grand Tour In 1989 an article in Descent described a figure-of-nine trip through Swildons Hole on Mendip. Now, another classic route has been forged in this ever-popular cave: the Grand Tour, taking in all the parts that have made it justly famous, from the squalor of Priddy Green Sink and Cowsh Aven to the ripples of the streamway. CHECC Goes to Mendip In November 2006, university cavers from throughout the land descended on Mendip for their annual gathering, encouraging more to take up and retain an interest in the sport. Marilyns Deep, Dark Secret Just as Marilyn Monroe once proved a temptation for some, members of Craven PC could not stay away from the windswept moors of Ingleborough and a lengthy project following a drainage route heading ever deeper into the mountain: Marilyn, a dig leading to Disappointment. Suspended on a Thread There can never be a normal experience pushing caves – but the team in Miao Keng can hardly have expected to meet a pitch that kept on going, and going, and going ... Join Rich Gerrish for the ride of his life, dropping a half-kilometre pitch. Queen of the Moorlands (Part 2) Here is the concluding part of Descents coverage of the annual Hidden Earth conference. Cover: Mike Richardson in Neverland, Upper Flood Swallet, Mendip. Photo: Mark Shinwell     ");
array_files[109]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent195.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (195)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (195) Descent (195) April 2007 A Holiday in los Verdes Are you looking for a holiday destination? One of those places that is cheap and offers the chance for some good caving would be ideal. Heres one such groups solution – a trip to Lanzarote. Fight for Life In 1959 Neil Moss became trapped in a narrow shaft in Peak Cavern; the ensuing rescue attempts drew national media attention and, after Neils death, a re-examination of rescue procedures. Dave Webbs documentary film, which took a decade to bring to fruition, has received massive acclaim - here is his account of how it was made. Forgotten Mines of Kettleness Interested in learning more about an obscure area on the Yorkshire coast, a group of cavers was surprised to find that not only were there iron mines to explore – they were filled with iron formations. Flooding in Manchester Hole The Health & Safety Executive and the police are conducting an ongoing investigation into a fatal accident in Manchester Hole in 2005. In advance of the inquest and breaking with normal procedure, part of what has been learned so far related to risk assessment in the area has been released and is published here at the request of the HSE. Supporting Exploration A new year of expeditions is underway, with some benefiting from grant support. The Great Cango Rescue When an overweight woman became stuck in Cango Cave in South Africa earlier this year, it sparked Steve Cravens interest into finding out how many other incidents had occurred during the showcaves long history. Cover: Flo Gruner in Gouffre Euzedes, France. Photo: Andi Schober assisted by Jens Romer     ");
array_files[110]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent192.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (192)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (192) Descent (192) October 2006 In the Deep, Deep Freeze Diving the ice-cold waters of a Russian cave is not merely a case of putting on more clothes under a drysuit – there’s the small matter of freezing solid when you emerge to take into account, let alone how to cope with a local free-diver who swims like a dolphin in this utterly frigid underwater world. Ken Pearce – My Part in His Downfall Alan Jeffreys recalls what it was like to be on the sharp end of the Iron Man of Caving’s training regime. The Siege of Black Keld With the 2006 diving season underway at Black Keld in the Yorkshire Dales, after years of pushing, at last a major breakthrough has taken place. The Star of Mendip Mendip mines are far from unknown, yet the background of their operation is often firmly obscured by time. Cavers have found that a mine once lay near the Star Inn and, it turns out, it had an associated Cornish beam engine – the first confirmed on Mendip. An International Recovery In August a tragic fatality occurred when a cave diver lost his life in the Plura River Cave in Norway. It triggered an international response in order to recover the body, as those involved report here. Caves Through a Magic Lantern Our caving heritage is so often locked away in dimly lit libraries or club collections, yet there is a wealth of enjoyment waiting to be uncovered. How were early cavers dressed, how did they approach their exploration in those long-lost days? A set of delightful lantern slides in the Red Rose CPC collection tell a wonderful, pictorial tale. Cover: Helen Rider diving in Ordinskaya, Russia. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[111]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent193.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (193)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (193) Descent (193) December 2006 A British Standard for Expeditions Youve heard of legislation covering work at height, of being forced to use double ropes not SRT, of insurance requirements, of more and more rules and regulations. Now, get ready for a new British Standard covering expeditions! The Best Trip Ever I emerged at the edge of a huge passage! My heart was pounding. We stared, aghast. With a whoop we started the climb down. Join Tim Francis on a trip of a lifetime, making the breakthrough in Upper Flood Swallet. Subterranean Stardom When cavers are asked to help film a television episode of Dalziel and Pascoe, you might expect some fun to ensue. So You Want to Go Caving How might we encourage more people to take up our sport? Perhaps a new initiative is required – and that is exactly what we have. The Caves of the Mavri Laki In the summer Cretes caves called to a band of explorers from Sheffield USS, who took along their secret weapon: fresh, new cavers to tackle the shattered rock of the White Mountains. A Night at the Speleomovies Not one, but four caving films have been released on DVD, just in time for Christmas. Queen of the Moorlands September once again found cavers gathering for the annual Hidden Earth conference, this year using a school in Leek. Here is part one of a major report on the event. A Question of Anchors BCAs anchor scheme has been running for ten years and, with supplies of DMM P-hangers almost gone, it is time to consider an update. The Darker Side of Mexico Ed Waters heads for Mexico, attracted by the rich blackness of its lava tubes. Cover: Rob Eavis in Parthenon Pot, Crete. Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[112]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent191.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (191)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (191) Descent (191) August 2006 Inside the Lost World When a team of cavers explore a Venezuelan cave, Roraima, they find a cliff face window with a stunning vista. For them, the legend of a Lost World becomes fact. The Frog Leaps Further When the Black Sheep Diggers finally forged a dry route into Goyden Pot they knew they had cracked the problem, yet they still had to find a way into the main part of the system. This is how they did it. The Winch at Gaping Gill We almost take the two annual meets at Gaping Gill for granted; they’re part of our caving heritage. Ric Halliwell looks at the history of the winch from its humble beginnings to the latest agreements. Remembering Malcolm Malcolm Cotter, who died while caving on Mendip, is remembered with affection by his friends. The Glencurran Burials Caves, as repositories of the past, can yield so much information about our ancestors. Here are the prelimiinary findings from an archaeological dig at Glencurran Cave in Ireland. Lascaux’s Fungus First it was algae, then it was fungus, but reports said it had all been treated and Lascaux’s incredible cave art was safe. Not so, it seems. How I Wasn’t Stuck, Jammed or Entombed! Ever since he donned a poly bag to better squeeze into a tight cave – and was rescued as a result – Colin Boothroyd has taken some stick. For the first time, he tells his own story to put the record straight. Gear Review: LEDMiner Caving Lamp A new lamp on the market receives a going-over, caver-style. Cover: Ogof Ffynnon Ddu 1 streamway. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[113]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent190.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (190)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (190) Descent (190) June 2006 The Bomb on Greenhow Hill Digging across the years revealed, and lost, an immensely beautiful chamber near Stump Cross Caverns in the Yorkshire Dales. With landowner permission, to say nothing of sweat and expense, digging the aptly named Grenade Shaft has opened the void once more, albeit briefly. Here is a story of digging, bombing and gasping at this beauty of the underworld. It’s a Dirty Job, But ... The Republic of Panama is not usually the first country you think of for a caving expedition. However, with a boat-owning Brit in residence, this was more than enough to encourage a Mendip caver contingent to take flight to explore the hot, steamy jungles (and beaches) of Panamanian islands in search of caves (and beer). The Bar Pot Alternative If you are tired of taking one of the ‘normal’ routes into Gaping Gill, you have an alternative – rig the drop through Small Mammal Pot. Check here for your topo ... The Rescues of 2005 Analysing rescues is one method of learning what to avoid underground – read what went wrong during other trips, so that you don’t become a 2006 statistic. The Discovery of Kath’s Way Kath’s Way in Lancaster Hole forms a convenient access link that countless cavers have squirmed through. Yet, who was Kath and how was this rocky passage found? In Praise of Hundidero-Gato Fancy a fine, sporting trip to a holiday destination? Hundidero-Gato’s through-trip awaits you. Cover: Cave Pearls in Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[114]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent189.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (189)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (189) Descent (189) April 2006 Daydream Believer Benarat – where the caves are so large that surveying instruments fail and explorers yell: ‘Keeeeep gooooinnnnnng!’ Man of Mines We say farewell to Mendip digger, author and mine photographer John Cornwell. Brits Abroad As cavers once again plan their overseas expeditions, here is the low-down on who is going where. Persistence Pays Pay Sank, a recent discovery on Ingleborough, was connected to Grange Rigg Pot in November 2005. Here, Dave Haigh covers the history of their exploration, which begins in the lost days of the 1940s. Gear Review: Firefly 3 Slave The rise of digital cameras has been a blessing – and a curse. The Firefly 3 can take care of at least one problem, avoiding early flashgun misfires. The Search for Loxton Cavern Lost to man since the 18th century, Loxton Cavern on Mendip was rediscovered by Nicks Harding and Richards. Following a rich vein of history, we explore Catcott’s cave. The End of an Era After thirty years, the Stephen Nunwick Memorial Lecture series draws to a close. Viewpoint: A Miner’s Lot UK collieries are disappearing. One miner tells of his life underground and what he sees in the industry’s future. No Hairy Oiks Allowed The Sport for All editorial in Descent (188) drew a range of comments – here’s the follow-up. The Descent Caption Competition With the largest number of prizes ever given away by Descent, here are the three winners and ten runners-up that made us laugh the most. Cover: Mark Brown with the Night Watchmen in White Rock Cave Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[115]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent187.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (187)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (187) Descent (187) December 2005 Gear Review: Traser Titan P6506 Traser diving watches, with unique highly visible faces, are under scrutiny in this review. Of Northern Bats and Caves Cavers are used to spotting bats underground – but what of their distribution? Research in the Yorkshire Dales is revealing more of our furry friends’ habits and their cave-dwelling lifestyle. The Descent Caption Competition: Wieliczka Salt Mine and Captain Jack’s Cave The familiar Descent Caption Competition closes as another opens, with a stunning array of prizes – enter now and you could be one of the thirteen lucky winners. A Taste of Nullarbor The Nullarbor of Australia is a bleak, desolate place – but one which is filled with opportunities for cave exploration. The Caves of Cadair Fawr In a little-frequented caving region of Wales, a group of cavers have withstood floods that submerged them and near-miss collapses in their relentless search for new passage. The Bar in the Rock If only Merlin had been at the dig, perhaps the bar in the rock would not have been a barrier to progress. Cavers Go Back to School The annual speleo-fest this year headed for Mendip. Here is part one of our report on Hidden Earth 2005. Images from the Past: Ken’s Coming of Age A photograph brings back memories of a youthful Ken Pearce, the Iron Man of caving. The Descent in Descent With the release of the caving movie The Descent on DVD, we have a copy and a DVD player to give away. Cover: Diving in Murra-El-Elevyn, Nullabor, Australia. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[116]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent188.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (188)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (188) Descent (188) February 2006 Editorial: Sport for Some Its a changing world for cavers and caving, affected all the more by outside agencies. Caving, it seems, is now considered a worthless sport. The Courtesan Beckons After years of struggling at the extremities of Agen Allwedd and Daren Cilau in South Wales in the hope of forging a connection, a team has made a breakthrough in a crucial block of limestone. With the surprising discovery of some stunning formations along the way, excitement is running high ... Safety Point The latest RESCON - the international cave rescue conference - was held in Poland, where British cavers joined their compatriots from around the world to swap tales and, more importantly, techniques. Cavers Go Back to School (Part 2) Cavers enjoyed an excellent weekends lectures and demonstrations on Mendip during Hidden Earth 2005. This is the concluding part of our report on this packed event. A Deeper Frog The Black Sheep Diggers of Nidderdale have probed the Goyden Pot riverbank, bed and surrounding area for years in their search for a dry route into the divers extensions. Finally, Frog Pot has yielded to the onslaught - shafts and drops now lead to a walk down a streamway, with all-important leads to follow. The Chemistry of Rope As cavers, we are used to not only using but caring for ropes. After all, we wouldnt wish to spend hard-earned cash on a new SRT rope and ruin it due to a lack of maintenance - but can that very care we lavish on cleaning cause damage, or does it help to extend a ropes life? Just what happens to the insides of a rope when detergent is used? Steve King takes the scientific approach to rope care. Descents Competitions This month sees the close of two competitions for two copies of a book on exploration and a DVD of The Descent along with a Sony DVD player - check here for who won. Plus, heres your last chance to enter the Descent Caption Competition, with an excellent chance of your receiving one of thirteen watches on offer as prizes. Cover: Martin Beale with The Courtesan, a discovery in Agen Allwedd Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[117]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent185.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (185)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (185) Descent (185) August 2005 At Altitude with a Yellow Peril Caving at altitude is perilous indeed – without taking along a video camera for your attack on the highest cave in the world. The Dolphin of Dolphin Pot Paul Dolphin, whose name is inextricably linked with Eastwater Cavern and Pwll Dwfn, died in May; his life is remembered with this previously unpublished interview. A Little Light Relief ‘The turning-round space was now a little smaller and I appeared to be trapped.’ It was just one more incident during exploration in the latest, incredible Notts Pot II discoveries. Guardians of the Underworld Cave life often takes a back seat in speleo studies, especially the ‘commoner’ forms such as spiders. There’s research to be done – and an appeal for help. A Tale of Three Chokes Access to Shannon Cave in Ireland was lost in the 1990s when a choke finally gave up its struggle against gravity. Now, a nasty little dig in a nearby cave has yielded a new route in. Mixed Weather, Butcombe and Goon! Mendip was the place to be in July for the British Cave Rescue Council’s conference. The Descent Caption Competition Welcome back to the Descent Caption Competition, with two lights to be won as a reward for making us laugh. Gear Review: Petzl XP Headlights Here’s the specs of Petzl’s new Myo XP and Tikka XP headlights. Cover: Ged Benn ascending the Goldrush pitch in Klondike Pot Photo: Dave Ryall     ");
array_files[118]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent186.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (186)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (186) Descent (186) October 2005 Caving in the Land of the Gods In August the 14th International Congress of Speleology was held in Greece. In addition to lectures and events, there was plenty of caving going on. Seeking the World’s Deepest Through-trip Once the world’s deepest cave, Austria’s Lamprechtsofen now offers the world’s deepest through-trip. Fay Hartley wants to undertake it – and shows the true meaning of perseverance. Expeditions in a Teacup Expeditions over the years have led to many strange occurrences – take a look at this latest book, of which we have two to give away. The Sea Caves of Staffa The caves of Staffa, including Fingal’s Cave, have never received a proper examination by cavers – until now. Farewell the Mighty We have recently lost two of our stalwart cavers – Wilf Taylor of Lancaster Hole fame and that character of Peak District caving, ‘Ben’ Bentham. Gear Review: Toughprint Waterproof ‘paper’, tough enough to withstand a cave. The Descent No, not your favourite magazine – it’s The Descent, the movie, and readers’ thoughts of this horror-fare. Saving the Sublime Karst With cavers having explored Papua New Guinea for more than thirty years, Dave Gill feels it is time to put something back in and help to protect its threatened karst. Nullarbor Dreaming In the first of a two-part article, Martyn Farr heads for remote, unforgiving Australian karst, cave dives and kangaroos. Images from the Past: The Morgan Signature Here in the showcave, oft ignored, lies the signature of early Dan yr Ogof pioneer Jeffrey Morgan. Cover: Descending Dersios during the International Congress in Greece. Photo: Robbie Shone     ");
array_files[119]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent184.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (184)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (184) Descent (184) June 2005 Probing Where the Sun Don’t Shine Year on year, Daren Cilau has seen extensions short and long, blind-ended and excitingly ongoing. However, it is not often that a chamber is entered that contains formations as beautiful as those in Where the Sun Don’t Shine. A Tribute to Colin Colin Pryer tragically died in Low Birkwith Cave while cave diving in March. His friends write of their memories, their tributes. The Rescues of 2004 Here are the British Cave Rescue Council’s statistics for Britain and Ireland’s 2004 callouts, plus a comparison with those from France. Read and learn what not to do! In the Chamber of the Gods Owl Hole in the Peak District was once described as a pit filled with rubbish and lost to cavers. Cleaned up, bit by bit it has yielded to a series of digs. Boireau’s Memorial A number of memorials were erected to commemorate those who died in Mossdale Caverns in 1967, but it seems that one plaque to Geoffrey Boireau remained unknown to cavers. Descent into the Peculiar The Channel Islands might not be your first thought for where to go for an interesting underground experience, but there’s plenty to keep visitors happy in a wealth of tunnels left behind after the German occupation. Stealing the Jewel of the Underground Filming for a new BBC television series, British cavers have seen some of the best underground scenery in the world in New Mexico’s Lechuguilla Cave. Cover: Stan Allison in Chandelier Ballroom, Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[120]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent183.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (183)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (183) Descent (183) April 2005 Pleasures of the Palm Inlet 7 in Notts II has drawn the attention of northern diggers, even though the size of the passage at the head of Oliver Lloyd Aven was perceived as ‘unimpressive’. However, a push, a squirm and the realisation that it was impossible to turn back so they might as well press onwards, has produced a breakthrough into Pleasures of the Palm. Illustrated Walls Technology, like a rolling stone, never stands still. Neither does caver ingenuity. Combine the two and what do you have? Superb advances in surveying techniques. Ponder on the concept of entering data in the cave and leaving with everything in place to produce the finished, superbly detailed drawing. Quote of the Month: Fatalities at Fingal’s In 1884 The Times reported a multiple fatality when three tourists were drowned after being swept from Fingal’s Cave on Staffa, an early instance of a cave-related incident directly leading to safety improvements at the site. Heading Overseas in 2005 British cavers are again preparing for trips overseas in search of caverns measureless. Here is the state of play of grants awarded and who is heading where in the world. Underground in the South-east: Fuller’s Earth Mines NAMHO’s annual conference – this year being held in South-east England – is fast approaching, so Peter Burgess continues his look at underground features in the area. Into the Lost World Not long ago the karst features of Conan Doyle’s Venezuelan Lost World were considered anomalies; now, a gigantic quartzite cave has been explored, replete with new-to-science fauna and incredible ‘living’ formations. Join us in Cueva Charles Brewer. Cover: Dave Nixon in Titan, Peak Cavern Photo: Robbie Shone and the Titan team     ");
array_files[121]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent182.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (182)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (182) Descent (182) February 2005 Rhino Wrestling When the diggers in South Wales’ Carno Adit broke into the natural cave they knew lay beyond the bricks, they hoped for a major discovery. Over the years since then Carno has not yielded easily, but another chunk now lies beneath the surveyor’s pen. A Weekend at the Brewery Part II With a description of cavers entertaining cavers with a pantomime cow and a Boothroyd bag, here is the conclusion to the 2004 Hidden Earth conference report. The Descent Caption Competition Chortle at the winning caption: ‘deads’, indeed! Eco-protection and Inspection Eco-anchors proliferate throughout the UK, from popular pitches to sometimes obscure corners. Now that these number in their thousands, what should we do if we suspect they are starting to fail? Viewpoint: The Dilemma of Expeditions Have we, as cavers, gone too far with our approach to expeditions? Is the Golden Age over? Veteran explorer Dave Gill thinks that perhaps it is time to rechannel our resources. Cavers Face the Scrapheap Challenge! If we care for the future of caving, we must care for our caves – and because what lies above ends up, one way or another, below ground, that means an occasional clean-up is in order. Cover: Jenny Pinder preparing to descend Alum Pot. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[122]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent180.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (180)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (180) Descent (180) October 2004 What a Corker! Digging, digging downward, drop follows drop follows drop in Corky’s Pot. Read how those lucky lads with the Bradford PC forged another connection with Gaping Gill. Marching on Your Stomach Eat, don’t eat, eat well, eat what ? Here’s Iain Barker’s take on how to survive your caving trip by stomaching your march. In the Land of Hollow Rock Rich Gerrish takes us on a return trip to China – where caves abound, along with the thrill of open leads. The Craven Chronicle With the Craven PC celebrating an anniversary, Howard Beck covers 75 years of speleo-history. Images from the Past: Percy Pearson Ever resourceful and willing to freely supply information, cavers offer their feedback on old photos and reminiscence about Percy Pearson. Underground in the South-east: Sand Mines In a continuing series on the underground of South-east England, Peter Burgess visits the region’s sand mines. Gear Review: Petzl Spelios and DuoBelt Petzl has two new products: 14 LEDs in a cluster, either mounted on a helmet or powered by a belt-mounted pack. The Descent Caption Competition There’s 50m of prime SRT rope on offer, courtesy of Inglesport, if you’ve the wit and humour to win it. How the Land Lies Landowners are increasingly worried about the legal implications of cavers being on their land; we pay the cost in sometimes complex access agreements and insurance premiums. But what of trespass, let alone the inherent risk of caving? An unrelated court case has shed some light on what landowners might now expect to happen. Cover: Judith Calford, Black Chasm, California. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[123]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent181.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (181)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (181) Descent (181) December 2004 The Descent Caption Competition There’s 50m of prime SRT rope on offer, courtesy of Inglesport, if you’ve the wit and humour to win it. Wookey: Aiming Deep Divers in Wookey Hole – one of the UK’s greatest challenges – have at last made progress towards the elusive Chamber 26, and produced a new depth record in the process. SUSS vs. the University of Sheffield Sheffield University’s caving club is well established and highly regarded, yet has been systematically shut down by the authorities. It’s back to the thorny questions of perceived risk and, with no medals to win, value to the system. This is a wider problem than it might seem – other societies take note. T’Owd Man in Speedwell A project is underway to record the many marks left behind by T’Owd Man of the Peak. A Weekend at the Brewery The 2004 Hidden Earth conference was held at the Brewery Arts Centre in Kendal, as far north as it’s ever been. Here’s the fare that cavers saw. One Year On The British Caving Association came into being at midnight on the last day of 2003. With some cavers still confused and concerned over membership fees and insurance, how has the BCA fared in its first year – and what will 2005 bring? Man versus Microchip Jim Eyre has written his autobiography using, for the first time, that most thoroughly recalcitrant of devices: a computer. Read Jim’s account of who won, man or machine. Draenen is Ten! Yes, Ogof Draenen was discovered ten years ago – doesn’t time fly! A healthy bunch of cavers got together to celebrate the first ten, and look to the next. China in the UK The Royal Geographical Society in London kicked off a week’s lectures and field-trips around the UK, set up specially for international visitors as a first of its kind. The Near Country Yet again, we learn that caves are where you find ’em with a new extension dug from the side of a major route in Gaping Gill. Cover: Grotte du Crotot, France. Photo: Andi Schober     ");
array_files[124]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent178.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (178)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (178) Descent (178) June 2004 The Alpazat Connection: To Deep Camp and Beyond Cavers cannot have missed the media frenzy that ensued when members of a British team became trapped by floodwater in Mexico. In the first part of a major report presented in this issue of Descent, here is their tale – the real story, with facts – of the expedition’s aims and successes, and what happened during the rescue. An American Perspective Politics and the press have produced a far-ranging problem for caving in Mexico, in particular affecting American cavers who may find difficulties with their ‘local’ region. This is what the current situation means to them. All the World’s a Stage This section closes the Alpazat report with a round-up of quotes from the world’s press. Read the cavers’ story, then be amazed at how wrong the media was. Britain’s Finest Wonder A cave has, at last, received credit as one of Britain’s finest natural wonders, and Dan yr Ogof’s nomination has led to the first official footage ever shot beyond the showcave. A Small Hop from a Frog The dig at Harrogate Hole in the Yorkshire Dales is progressing and a single Goyden system accessible to dry cavers is one step closer. Gear Review: ActivSkin Garments A new range of garments provides another option for keeping warm underground – not so much Men in Black, but Men in Black Tights. Cavers in Tight Places With only three simple questions to answer, you could win yourself the pick of the ActivSkin range. The Rescues of 2003 Last year’s rescue statistics reveal more of the work of our volunteer teams; learn what not to do underground! Images from the Past: Miss Johnson and the Kyndwr Club Descent (173) posed a question concerning an old caving photo – where was it taken, and what was the story behind the unusual ladder. Here are some of the answers. Cover: Steve Jones in Boreham Cave, Yorkshire. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[125]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent179.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (179)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (179) Descent (179) August 2004 A Youngster in Borneo The Gunung Mulu National Park has justifiably attained fame for its soaring caverns and endless passages, waiting for the first footfall to arrive. James Alker is one such explorer, delving deep into the hollow mountain of Gunung Benarat. From Tee ... To Triachwech Toby Stewart was a prominent figure in the South Wales speleo scene. Here, his closest friends tell the story of Toby’s caving career. Nasty and Nice Out for a walk, notice a hole, investigate and push. The result: a new cave for the Peak, both nasty and nice. Gear Review: High in the Sky Photography For decades cavers have pored over aerial photographs in the hope of finding clues to new areas ripe for exploration. With pictures of the whole of England now published on DVD, how good is the product for caver use? Varied Fare for Devon Cavers Devon’s field meet drew cavers to Buckfastleigh for a day’s caving and talks. Enchanted with Black Keld Brian Judd always has a tale to tell, especially when he’s been diving at the sharp end of Black Keld. Men in Black Men in Black – not a reference to Black Keld, but black tights. Who won the latest Descent competition? Softrock Mining in South-east England The south-east of England is not the first place you might think of for cave and mine exploration, but Peter Burgess assures us that there is plenty to attract enthusiasts. Images from the Past: Group Photos on Mendip Photographs filled with faces are all too easily put aside rather than labelled when taken; so, fifty years later, who were the cavers? We appeal for your help. Nice Weather for Ducks Perseverance: the quality that a caver needs to dig in a squalid sump off Passchendaele in Notts II. But success awaits ... Grand Day Out In June a caver asked a favour: a trip down Gaping Gill. Sat in his wheelchair, the experience was not what he expected. Cover: Robbie Shone with phytokarst in Elevator Cave, Gunung Benarat, Sarawak. Photo: Andy Eavis     ");
array_files[126]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent177.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (177)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (177) Descent (177) April 2004 Brits Abroad With British expeditions shaping up for the coming year, here are the details of where and when and how much. The Lows and Highs of Pant Mawr: Ogof Cragen and Pwll Pindar Two teams have been working on different parts of the Pant Mawr system in South Wales: a dig in the valley has revealed Ogof Cragen, tying into Pant Mawr with a dye-trace, while high on the moors the draughts in Pwll Pindar are lending credence to the size of the caverns that wend their way below. Filming the Forest’s Bones Popular archaeology is proving, well, more popular than ever. There’s a new television series with a penchant for extreme places scheduled. That means caves! Them Words Amaze your friends with some cave-related, tongue-twisting words. Taking on Wookey’s Depths Wookey’s Sump 25 is again attracting cave divers. This isn’t an easy place to reach, let alone to push, with high currents and shifting gravel. But Mike Barnes reckons he has the answer ... Aven Calling Not content with digging a new route into Gaping Gill via Hensler’s Pot, Dave Haigh and his team have been busy with a nearby shakehole. However, the word ‘overkill’ comes to mind when they attempt a smoke test. Casualty Underground As the dramatic events of a TV soap unfolded, cavers could hardly believe the storyline. Here’s how Casualty was shot. Dating without Destruction Dating stal requires taking samples, which invariably results in damage. Surely there must be some better way of minimalising mutilations. Just so, with a new technique tried out in the Dales. Taking the Toob Take note of three simple questions and find the answers as you read this issue of Descent; there’s a useful prize on offer. Destination Slovenia Slovenia’s world-class caves make it an ideal destination for an expedition or simply a holiday break. Cover: Planinska jama. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[127]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent175.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (175)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (175) Descent (175) December 2003 In Hensler’s Footsteps Four years of relentless digging have produced the first new entrance to the Gaping Gill system in almost fifty years. Dave Haigh tells the tale, with his fellow diggers’ contributions, of the trials and tribulations that opened the route through Hensler’s High Aven. Our Biggest Liability On 8 November British cavers awoke to find that BCRA’s caving insurance policy had expired, leaving access agreements in limbo and liabilities unprotected. We report how the caving world reached this sorry state, and its immediate aftermath. Gear Review: Speleo Technics Nova Two cavers, with different viewpoints, offer their thoughts on the new light that everyone wants to learn more about: Speleo Technics’ Nova. Britain’s Earliest Cemetery Remains collected from Aveline’s Hole on Mendip were largely destroyed during the Second World War, but a re-examination of surviving fragments has revealed the importance of this site. Nobody Said it Would Get Harder The first part of Dave Nixon’s article on the discovery of Titan shaft produced a lot of feedback from cavers eager to learn more of this massive project. Without further ado, therefore, here is the next instalment of the Titan dig. When to Retire Your Rope How long a rope should remain in active use is an oft-asked question: three years, five years, only if it survives a drop test? Bob Mehew presents an interim report on the findings to date from a long-term testing project – with surprising results. The Descent Caption Competition Cavers produced a mammoth set of entries in their hope of winning a tackle sack stuffed with 50m of rope, donated by Caving Supplies. You’ll find the winner and near misses here; read and enjoy! Come Cavers to Upton The recent Hidden Earth conference was both well organised and a pleasure to attend. This is the first part of an extended report, with details of talks and events throughout the packed weekend. Mind Over Matter In a special Christmas competition, Descent joins forces with Oregon Scientific to bring readers the chance to win an outstanding Outbreaker Mountain watch. Cover: Ben Lovett in Ogof Fynnon Ddu. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[128]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent176.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (176)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (176) Descent (176) February 2004 Into Dà Dòng ‘Holding the tape measure aloft I whooped and laughed at the sound of it spooling out at high speed.’ No pokey little digs for the Hong Meigui CES – this is caving in China, where big means BIG! Mind Over Matter Check the answers to the last edition’s quiz, and see if you won a watch. Nobody Thought it Would be This Hard! Dave Nixon’s article on the discovery of Titan in Peak Cavern, and the project to dig a way into it from the surface, began in Descent (174). From low points to high, he now concludes his tale. The Old Days Have Gone; Here Are the New The New Year saw British caving welcome not only a new national governing body, but also making a fresh start with something that was desperately needed after the problems of 2003: a new insurance policy for cavers. Forays in the Forest Clinker Bottom and Brinchcombe Level Not one but two discoveries have been made in the Forest of Dean, after the hard work of diligent diggers. When Paintings Fade Cave art is showing signs of damage at classic sites such as Altamira and Lascaux, even after precautions were taken – so what caused them to fade? Digging Bristol Coal Fancy winning a book, or simply taking a treasure hunt around the pages of Descent? Either way, there are three simple questions to answer ... Come Cavers to Upton (part 2) The Hidden Earth conference has again been reported in full; here is the second part covering the last of the 2003 lectures. Cover: Champs Elysees, Da Dong, China. Photo: Duncan Collis     ");
array_files[129]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent173.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (173)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (173) Descent (173) August 2003 The Search for Dreams Expeditions are not all the same. This one, a small, lightweight recce to Uzbekistan, revealed not only the beauty of an open, ongoing system, but the reality of a delicate dream. Forty Years On The Federation Francais de Speleologie was formed in 1963 - which makes its fortieth anniversary an ideal excuse for a major party! Ever the Eternal Optimist After a ten-year search, with false leads and disappointments interspersed with the euphoria of success, the dry link has finally been forged between Goyden Pot and Manchester Hole. Solo! Lured by the need to cave, what if something went wrong and there is nobody but you to decide the next course of action? Do you stay, do you attempt to leave, do you head further in to a camp? How would you analyse your situation? A Genius Inventor We say farewell to the man who influenced equipment design for decades, Fernand Petzl. The Descent Caption Competition There is no time to delay - theres a fine Caving Supplies tackle sack and a rope to win, in this latest competition. Underground Overground The Mendip Caving event in June was a resounding success - with premiered films and novel antics on Priddy Green. Fancy a round-trip in the new Swildons Hole? Images from the Past: Who Were These Potholers? Another photograph from times long gone requires some legwork to indentify the cavers, and their unusual ladder. A Gaping Gardener Its not every day that you find a gardener down a cave. Certainly not Alan Titchmarsh, even given the Shade Tolerant Garden planted in Gaping Gill. Cover: Laying line in Nascente do Rio Formoso, Brazil. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[130]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent174.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (174)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (174) Descent (174) October 2003 Nobody Said it Would be Easy! The story of Titan’s discovery in the Peak District is filled with detective work and sheer dogged determination. With news of the breakthrough from the surface dig, British cavers can look forward to what has been described as the finest pitch in the country – and a through-trip, to boot. The Three-pronged Attack ‘This is a tale of a long-awaited victory, of the overwhelming defeat of the most formidable adversary met by the Trident explorers.’ Yes, the connection’s been made between Trident and Swindon Hole. Gear Review: Glo-Toob Remember the Cyalume lightstick? It’s time for some modern technology based on LEDs. Under the Hunters’ Tony Jarratt’s pub car park dig goes from strength to strength, finding yet more extensions taking explorers ever deeper. With ancient bones and a sump to push, could this be heading for a new master cave? Time and Tide Wait for ... Cave Rescue In July the media went into a frenzy when it covered a cave rescue from Otter Hole. As it turned out, this proved to be one of the slickest rescues imaginable and a credit to everyone involved. Climbing Trees Some say that caving is a means to an end. In this case the ending owed less to a cave discovery than it did to the human element. The Descent Caption Competition This is no time to delay – there’s a fine Caving Supplies tackle sack and a rope to be won in this latest competition. Gaping Gill The splendour of Gaping Gill, in verse. The Balkan Question Alan Jeffreys presents another of his irreverent looks at the caving community – and suggests how to sort out some of the world’s ills! Cover: Maria Antonia Garau in Cova des pas de Vallgornera, Mallorca Photo: Tony Merino     ");
array_files[131]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent171.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (171)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (171) Descent (171) April 2003 The Descent Caption Competition Descent readers have again excelled themselves with their captions - who won the prize this month? Images from the Past: Indentifying the Giant An old postcard, a forgotten scene ... Surely not, as proved when cavers answer the query and identify not only the entrance, but who took the picture. Digging the Pork Sandwich I jack up the scaffolding under the blockage and some small bits come down, but not all of it. I release the jack and down it comes like a ton of bricks. Many cavers will remember Buster Wrights film at Hidden Earth 2002 - but how many appreciated the extent of his solo digging? His diary reveals all. Gear Review: Memory-Map Navigator All cavers use maps at some stage, to find a cave or plot where one might lie - or even draw their own. Digital mapping is on the increase, so take a look at what is now available for your computer screens - both at home, and underground. Twenty Years After Join Len Cook for caving and photographing in Ireland, yesteryear style Sierra-Uniform-Mike-Papa The dreaded sump, deep underground in China. Will the race for a record depth succeed, or will filling the Furong Jiang dam eliminate the potential as the water table rises? Dealing with Hypothermia Following the article in Descent (170), here is more advice on coping with hypothermia underground. To Cheve and Beyond Every year a flurry of expeditions leave the UK for unknown depths overseas, funded in part by grants which - in some cases - make it all possible. Here are the destinations of 2003, the support they gained and an analysis of where support is heading. The Infamous Sump 12 Down at the sharp end of Swildons Hole, efforts are still being made to push towards Wookey. Will the fifty-first diver be successful at last? First Time Down Feel the tiredness and euphoria of completing thet first SRT descent. Cover: Ascending to daylight, Alum Pot. Photo: John Forder     ");
array_files[132]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent172.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (172)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (172) Descent (172) June 2003 A Grand Day Out When diggers passed the sump in Sell Gill Holes they thought they had broken into new passage – but then found it had been discovered in 1937. At the end of the streamway, however, there was a choke ... An Incredible Number Since its launch in 1998 Caving.UK, where you will find Descent’s presence on the web, has gone from strength to strength and now draws an incredible number of cavers to its pages. The Hidden Resurgence When another army cadet died in Porth yr Ogof in 2002 (with a court case against the instructor pending), it seemed time to further publicise the dangers of the resurgence pool. As a part of the education process, a short underwater film has been made. Lazy Days in Transylvania Fancy a caving holiday abroad? You might need to look no further than an organised trip to Romania. Not So Clumsy Cavemen The popular cartoon image of ‘cavemen’ is of clumsy savages hunting animals, yet we find their delicate artefacts hidden underground. Modern research shows how dextrous they really were – while at the same time scholars argue about dates and concepts. Swimming with King Cobras ‘Snake! Get out of the water.’ A symbol for King Cobra is not the sort of thing you generally find marked on a survey, but perhaps there’s an exception for Thai caves. The Rescues of 2002 The British Cave Rescue Council produces an annual round-up of incidents so that cavers might learn from the mistakes of others. Here are the analyses of 2002. Cover: A superb rift in Pestera Vantului, Romania. Photo: Hugh Penney     ");
array_files[133]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent170.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (170)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (170) Descent (170) February 2003 Tales of a Vietnam Virgin I looked at Snablet: ‘That’s meant to be dead!’... With rope past its sell-by date and plummeting rocks, active breakfast ingredients were the last thing to worry about. Radon in the Forest An extended survey into the prelevance of radon gas in the Forest of Dean’s unique mixture of caves and mines is underway. Measuring Ingleborough’s Stal The Victorian penchant for collecting and measuring is well known; insects, birds, plants were all grist to the mill. How interesting, though, to discover that stal in Ingleborough Cave was measured in 1853 – how has it changed since then? When Cavers are Cool Hypothermia can kill! Here is every caver’s essential reading: how to recognise the threat, and how to deal with it. Beneath The Scars A bit of mapwork, some serious effort and ... a new cave is revealed in the Yorkshire Dales. Crouching Tigers, Hidden Dragons Cave exploration in China is all the rage; the attraction, though, is simple to see. Gigantic caverns, elusive canyons ... and the compelling search for the Hidden River. Images from the Past: Giant’s Cave Once again we have a mystery photo from the distant past. Can anyone identify Giant’s Cave? Quote of the Month: My Life Darwin’s theories caused a furore, but he was not the only man seeking the truth. Wallace, also, went into the world, suffering hardship as he collected specimens. An interesting man, sleeping out at Porth yr Ogof. The Descent Caption Competition There’s still time to enter the latest Descent Caption Competition and win an oversuit – all it takes is a good laugh! Cover: Stunning formations in Ai Dong, China. Photo: John Whalley     ");
array_files[134]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent169.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (169)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (169) Descent (169) December 2002 Christmas Lights Start reading here! You never know, you might find it profitable, if you can answer three questions ... On the Monnow Whether you were there or missed this year’s gathering, you can catch up with every lecture, event and competition at Hidden Earth. A Little Bit on the Side Heading home, tired from a dig ... what better than to consider adding another site to the list? This time, prior knowledge and a bit of thought produced a new cave in the Peak. The Descent Caption Competition As a new competition begins, this is your chance to win a Beaver oversuit. All it takes is a laugh! Our Lady’s Cave Joining the dots isn’t always easy – but when the hunt is on, anything can happen. Tormenta Phone Home The rain in Spain must have fallen – there’s caves galore, and Oxford’s team is heading ever deeper. Gear Review: Aquapac Waterproof Cases Carrying kit underground? Reckon it will arrive safe and sound? Perhaps you need an Aquapac to help keep it clean, dry and serviceable. We’ve Got Extreme Ways Pippikin has a reputation: it attracts explorers to its depths, but it challenges their attempts to find new passage. Now, at last, the pot has yielded another of its secrets – Extreme Ways for frustrated cavers. Adopt-a-Cave’s 25th Anniversary The Descent Adopt-a-Cave Scheme is 25 years old this month. How did it start; how does it fare? Cover: Cova des pas de Vallgornera, Mallorca. Photo: Tony Merino     ");
array_files[135]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent168.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (168)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (168) Descent (168) October 2002 Gear Review: Petzl Duo 8-LED Module The Petzl Duo headlight is well known - now there are three LED modules to join the Duos traditional halogen bulbs. A Pot into Aquamole Read how diving, climbing, radio-location, digging and sheer perseverance have opened up a new Yorkshire cave. Gear Review: Testo 405 Digital Draught Meter Cavers know where to dig; they follow the draught ... But if the draught isnít obvious, try using a Testo. Of Floods, Frogs and a Connection Ting! Ting! Ting! went the hammer! Itís amazing what can be achieved by two cavers on expedition - Chinas the place to be! Once More unto the Sump Fancy a classic Mendip round-trip? With some ingenious bailing, Swildons Mud Sumps open once more - and for good. The Descent Caption Competition Who won the Otter Boxes? Check here, just for a laugh. Out of Sight, Out of Mind Raw sewage piped straight into a cave? Surely not, these days ... On the Edge I somersaulted out of control and became tangled in the two diving lines; any subtle distinction between serious and dangerous became an immediate blur. Join Martyn Far as he watches his diving bubbles go straight down. Journey Beneath the Centre of the Universe Tony Jarratt tells how Mendip gave up another of its secrets - and within easy reach of a bar, to boot! The Saga of Ireby Fell Three cavers lost on the moors - a tale of woe, in verse. Cover: Steve Marsh in Ballymaglancy Cave. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[136]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent167.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (167)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (167) Descent (167) August 2002 Gear Review: The Explorer 1 Harness It seems that it’s time for a new generation of cave diving harness to appear on the market. How good is Martyn Farr’s design? ‘Don’t Think It’s All That Deep ...’ But, of course, it was! Losers become winners in our tale of digging the Dales. The Descent Caption Competition There is only one reminder, as time is running out: take up the challenge today and win yourself a set of Otter Boxes. Serious Injury Underground Accidents will happen – the cave rescue statistics prove that ... Think seriously: how well would you manage if your friend suffered a fall and you were the only one there? Here is your essential reading on coping with a serious injury underground. Tackling the Verneau Traverse Do you have a couple of days free? Aspiring to undertake a really challenging trip that will create envy in your fellow cavers? What, you tackled the Verneau in France in a weekend? Our Caving Capacity You’ve probably never wondered how much cave passage has been explored in Great Britain. No, didn’t think so. Now that the idea’s been suggested, aren’t you interested in how many miles lie in our hollow land? The Shortest Way to 10k Finding a dry link between the Goyden and New Goyden systems has been on the agenda for many years. The Black Sheep Diggers reckon they have found a new approach to creating a 10km cave. Great Guns Over Mendip With the excitement of a gun carriage race and the delight of chemically persuading a cave to yield, live on a bar-room monitor courtesy of DigCam, Mendip Caving 2002 was an event for every caver. Cover: The new bypass in the Reseau du Vermeau, France. Photo: Peter Goosens     ");
array_files[137]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent166.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (166)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (166) Descent (166) June 2002 The Rescues of 2001 It was a quiet year for the British cave rescue teams, but there’s still plenty to learn by reading what went wrong. Aven Climbing in Carno They thought it would be an easy, fast climb. Only one bolt, they thought. How wrong can you be – and not only wrong, but trapped by floodwater to boot! So How Did You Start Caving? Alan Jeffreys returns with another in his occasional series, The Bottom Line. The Good, the Bad and the Ugly As cavers, we do our best to protect our underground heritage from the ravages of pollution and overuse, but what of showcaves? Are they education resources that help the public to understand the beauty of caves, or a blight on the environment? The Descent Caption Competition A new competition kicks off this month, with a stack of Otter Boxes as a prize. It’s Sedimentary, My Dear Warren With ‘polluted’ water entering a farmer’s storage tank, it’s a chance for caving technology and techniques to clean up on Birks Fell. Being the Very Best of Friends On 5 April the caving world lost Dave Yeandle in a paragliding accident. Fellow cave diver Geoff Yeadon tells some of the many tales gleaned from the life of the man they call Pooh. Cover: Claire McElwain in a recently discovered part of Pozu del Xitu, Spain. Photo: Ben Lovett     ");
array_files[138]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent165.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (165)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (165) Descent (165) April 2002 Money Down the Hole Well, we told you so! If you build on karst, you really should know what to expect. The Descent Caption Competition With four prizes to give away, who has the best captions this month? Beyond The Eye A breakthrough in Llygad Llwchwr has been long sought after. In part two of his article, Martyn Farr explores this latest discovery in South Wales. As Far as you Kango Clapham Bottoms Pot – ignored for so long, but not forgotten. What awaited the White Rose, beyond Kango Crawl? Desperate to Dig Prevented from caving by foot-and-mouth restrictions, Forest cavers utterly desperate to dig ... find a new cave! The First Ingleborough Cave Survey In 1838, the year after the gour dam was broken down to enter what became Ingleborough showcave, a superb professional survey was produced. Gear Review: Otter Boxes Does your gear need protection? Look no further than an Otter Box. Take Some More Tea An expedition with a difference, having an arduous time surveying Ghar Alisadr: Iran’s longest cave. Images from the Past There’s a picture with a query and another to amuse, in this month’s Images from the Past. Coccyx Down, Blue Underpants Onwards! Brian Judd’s life is nothing if not spectacularly unusual – at least, his caving trips seem always to yield the unexpected. This time he’s in China, dealing with a downed SRT novice and being led underground by ... well, read it for yourself! Cover: Peter Bolt in Llygad Llwchwr, South Wales. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[139]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent163.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (163)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (163) Descent (163) December 2001 Gear Review: Blizzard Pack Cavers have a rough-and-ready approach to survival bags, normally based on a poly bag inside a tackle sack, if that. The Blizzard Pack might change your mind. The Buxton Diamonds With the Hidden Earth conference making full use of Buxton’s show-cave, Poole’s Cavern, it seemed an appropriate time to present this moral tale of caving in the 1600s. Heading into Hensler’s The Born Again Losers are on the move, this time discovering the delights of Hensler’s Pot while other cavers were intent on enjoying the more spacious Gaping Gill. Read how they made out – and how Monica went down on them! Ah, There’s the Rub It’s not often that a small team can make not one but a series of major discoveries in a far-flung land, but three cavers have done just that, finding a massive pitch and immense chamber. Mind you, some of their rigging techniques were ... original! Images from the Past Most queries concern images about which little is known; this month the emphasis is on the person and what else Emily Lloyd might have drawn underground during the 19th century. The Descent Caption Competition A new Descent Caption Competition begins this month, with four prizes to be won. If you fancy an LED headlight, it’s time to take a look at how cavers of yesteryear tackled a pitch. Hidden in the Peak The annual National Caving Conference always offers cavers a good time. This year’s was exceptional with double the numbers expected. We report on every lecture, every event ... It’s a Republican Plot How many times have you heard diggers cry, ‘It’ll only take five minutes to clear these boulders’? In this case, though it took longer, there was a just reward with another extension to Ogof Draenen. Cover: An entrance in Dashiwei doline and lotus flower formations, Leye River System, China. Photo: James Alker     ");
array_files[140]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent164.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (164)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (164) Descent (164) February 2002 Through The Eye Llygad Llwchwr in South Wales was explored and surveyed in the 1840s – yet, despite advances in equipment and techniques, with years of searching for the way on, no significant passage has been found since then. That is, until now ... Images from the Past There are answers to questions past and questions for the future; this is the page where cavers help their fellow cavers with information. Tales of Mulu Oft enough, we’ve heard stories of derring-do and caverns measureless from the hollow mountains of Mulu. When a British team returned from Gunung Benarat, they brought with them tales of what an expedition is really like. The Jug Holes Restoration There have been some changes at Jug Holes, that most popular Derbyshire novice’s cave. Courtesy of a multi-club effort, it now sports a new and safer entrance. The Descent Caption Competition Let this be your reminder that there are four prizes to give away this month – with only a short time left to enter the competition. Game On! Tiring of pushing Trapdoor Pot on Dowlass Moss, attention was turned to the nearby and wonderfully named Boggarts Roaring Holes. The old passages choked and defeat seemed near ... then success, with a going pitch. Then another ... and yet another. Game on! An Underground Adventure Arthur Gemmell will perhaps be best remembered for his joint authorship of Underground Adventure, a classic tale of caving in the Dales. Here is caving’s tribute to Arthur, who died in 2001. Speleology in the Third Millennium The 13th International Congress of Speleology was held in Brazil. Was it a quiet affair, was it worth making the effort to attend? Childish Things Do you remember your first caving story book? Did the imagination of a children’s author spark you into following your dreams underground? Alan Jeffreys muses on such influences with a passion for childish literature. Cover: Pam Fogg in Easter Cave, Western Australia. Photo: Tim Fogg     ");
array_files[141]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent162.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (162)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (162) Descent (162) October 2001 The Battle of the Bilge ‘Having a thoroughly Foul time. Wish you were here!’ Join Batty, Eski and Walker as they challenge a skull’s impetus under gravity and find a use for biscuit wrappers with a 50,000 year half-life. Building on Karst The fear was there: a huge building project – including railways and an airport – within an internationally famous karst area could do untold damage to its caves. As the project gets underway and cavers line up in opposition, an unrelated environmental disaster proves how wrong the developers can be. More Pain with Little Gain There’s the euphoria of exploration, of making that elusive breakthrough and finding new passage. Then there’s the squalor that cavers suffer in order to make it happen. Read how determined you have to be, to delve beneath Austrian mountains. Images from the Past Back when Bar Pot was explored, mysterious marks on the wall were noted by many and photographed by Jack Myers. Can anyone explain their providence? An English Cave Diver Jack Sheppard, who died this summer, is renowned for passing the first ‘trap’ in Swildon’s Hole using home-made equipment. This is his tribute. Swildon’s: the first hundred ‘Further progress seemed barred by a combination of a deep and low archway over a pool, but Mr. H. Hiley, regardless of a waterfall down his back, and the icy coldness of the water, crawled through.’ Modern exploration in furries and oversuit? No – pushing into Swildon’s Hole, one hundred years ago. The HeyPhone Story For many years cave rescue organisations have used the Molefone to communicate with the surface. Time moves on, and with it technology – enter a new cave radio: the HeyPhone. Taking Sight of Entropy Could the signs and symbols found in palaeolithic drawings be a window into the artist’s mind? The Descent Caption Competition At last, the winner! Laugh at the captions and wonder where the ideas come from. Magpie: Mining and Murder The gaunt remains of a lead mine stand isolated, strikingly preserved on a bleak skyline. Magpie, site of violence and ... murder. Cover: Maria A. Garau, Cova del Pas Vallgornera, Mallorca. Photo: Tony Merino     ");
array_files[142]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent161.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (161)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (161) Descent (161) August 2001 Prospecting Watch Hill If you study the map of the Upper Eden Valley in Cumbria, you can hardly miss a huge area where roads and tracks have not penetrated the land. Here, far from acknowledged caving country, Steve Warren goes prospecting. The Great Traverse of China The statistics are impressive: a height drop of 930m, 11km of canyoning and 7km of cave involving 3.5km of swimming, 35 pitches and endless rope traverses. This is not a journey for the faint-hearted! Our Cave and Karst Inheritance Caves - magical places which deserve conserving for the generations to come. Is World Heritage status the ultimate recognition of the importance of caves and karst? Images from the Past The feedback continues - more memorials, and an underground grave. The Descent Caption Competition You just have time to send in your winning entry - a wetsuit for your words, my friend! Tunnel Rats: 2, Cavers: 0 Joe Duxbury compares two works of fiction, seeking public attitudes to the underground. A Pioneer Potholer Club cavers have always been the lifeblood of British caving. Edgar Smith worked on ladder design when this meant looking at ways of attaching wooden rungs to cotton rope. Cavings Continued Recovery Cavers are desperate for countryside access to return to normality, let alone the businesses that depend on their trade. With seemingly random outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease still appearing, while at the same time footpaths reopen, how does caving stand? A Great Thloo Trip A one-eyed caver who claims he only requires a weak LED headlight, and a human pipe-cleaner pushed into unknown passages. Alan Jeffreys takes a look at the latest caving expedition to Indias Meghalaya. Gear Review: First Choice Expedition Foods Apart from the attractions of easily carried, ready-prepared food, here is a self-contained chemical heater. Cover: Judith Calford in Ogof Ffynnon Ddu.Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[143]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent160.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (160)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (160) Descent (160) June 2001 Probing Ingleborough’s Secrets With access to the countryside curtailed throughout the British Isles, showcaves such as Peak Cavern, White Scar Cave and Dan yr Ogof offer some of the few opportunities for trips. At Ingleborough Cave, normally closed to cavers, there has been some exciting exploration. Gear Review: Etché Caving Boots A boot’s a boot’s a ... But not so, says Dave Elliot: here’s a welly from out of his past! The Rescues of 2000 The British Cave Rescue Council has released an account of the incidents of 2000: read and learn where others went wrong. Between a Rock and a Wet Place Now and then there is a daunting push at the far end of Wookey Hole, but what of the rest of the cave? Peter Glanvill recalls how a determined series of dives revealed Edmunds’ Chamber. Have You Done the Curtain? Peter Borthwick concludes his tale of 1950s Peak District caving with more exploration in Giant’s Hole. ‘Have you done the Curtain?’ was once a yardstick of caving ability ... Caving’s Road to Recovery The effects of foot-and-mouth disease all but shut down British caving, with closed huts and people banned from footpaths and fells. So what is foot-and-mouth, and what does it mean for the future? Booty and the Beast Out on the moors, cavers and animals pass like sheeps in the night. If you think that pun is bad, just wait for this unforgettable tale of how one of those woolly bleaters got its own back. Images from the Past Information on caver-associated memorials and plaques was requested by a reader - resulting in a flood of pictures and notes. Between 45m and G’day Cobber! ‘Head down, young man,’ to paraphrase a quote. Just so - and when the Strangle Pot breakthrough came it brought tears and laughter and some beautifully emotive text! Gear Review: Lucido T7 Headtorch A seven-LED headtorch is under the spotlight. The Descent Caption Competition A new competition starts this month, with a wetsuit as a prize for the best giggle. Cover: Adrian Hall in Malham Cove Rising. Photo: John Cordingley     ");
array_files[144]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent158.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (158)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (158) Descent (158) February 2001 The Descent Caption Competition The latest Descent Caption Competition offers you a top-of-the-range LED light - heres your last chance to enter. The Fishmongers Bones Lets face it: cavers dig holes. Theyre good at it. Very good. So when a surface shaft in an unknown caving area breaks into a chamber, theres cause for celebration - then the nature of the dig changes. Spoil is mixed with bones by the bucketload ... easily enough to attract the Time Team. Dead Racoons and He-man Lager Meghalaya in north-east India continues to fascinate British teams and is very capable of leaving an everlasting impression: Im not sure Ive ever had an experience that matches the sense of zeal for exploration as those few days in the caves. Tracking Down the Tram Tunnel For years, cavers have been enticed by the bricked-up entrance to the old tram tunnel at Pwll Du in South Wales - the more so since the discovery of Ogof Draenen has caused so many to walk past it - and no less than three entrances offer the possibility of a way in. But gaining access hasnt been plain sailing ... The Second-hand Sump Sell Gill Holes: first explored some time before 1842 and now the site of many a novice trip. Even so, could there be more to the cave than the guidebook states? Ric Halliwell takes a look at a section of cave that was gained, then lost, then forgotten, then dug open ... and all but forgotten again! Images from the Past This month Images from the Past presents some feedback and another question - how do cavers commemorate their own? One caver is interested as part of a project - can you help? Cover: Dave Hardwick in Fishmongers Swallet (Background image - Crystal Pool, Ogof Ffynnon Taf). Photos: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[145]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent159.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (159)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (159) Descent (159) April 2001 The Quest for a Dry Way The search for further links between caves comprising the Three Counties System is never far from the minds of cavers in the Dales. Previously discovered by diving, Notts II now has a new entrance which has raised expectations: with easier access, digs and climbs are already revealing new passage in the push onwards towards Lost John’s and beyond. LED-ing the Way LED lights are attracting a great deal of interest, particularly for their extended duration. Much has been written already on their potential for caving – but here is the real test: how did three lights fare under expedition conditions? Of Wolves and the Search for String Mad dogs and Englishmen ... go out caving in Spain. What began as a family holiday ended with a frantic search and, if not caverns measureless, a major underwater push and discovery. Images from the Past Descent readers help once again in identifying yesteryear’s cavers and photographs. Onward and Outward Every year expeditions benefit from grants from a range of sources. In 2001, who is heading where in the world and how much will they receive? Things Just Like They Used to Be Caving has changed over the past sixty or so years! What was once a challenge may have become a novice trip. Passages now taken for granted were once severe digs. Just so the Peak District’s Giant’s Hole: join Peter Borthwick in his time machine as he returns to the trials of the 1940s. Distorting Your Hangers Ever since permanent anchors have been placed in caves, the slightest movement or distortion has come under scrutiny. The latest tests show how these resin-fixed hangers react under load. The Descent Caption Competition The normal range of cavers’ ingenuity has been surpassed: here are the final results of the Descent Caption Competition – who won the Lucido LED headtorch? The Double Digger Dig ‘Just like the Time Team, we have just three days to find a cave.’ Using a mechanical digger when searching for passage has become almost blasé on Mendip. Using two seems extreme; were the cavers justified, or merely desperate? Cover: Images of Notts II. Photos: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[146]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent157.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (157)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (157) Descent (157) December 2000 The Descent Caption Competition Weve a top-of-the-range Lucido light to give away. Fancy a new, seven-LED headlight complete with variable output? Youll have to enter the latest Descent Caption Competition. The Far Side of Gaping Gill I kit up; always the same order, like a ritual. Is it for luck, a safety routine, or just habit? I dont know, but with each bit of gear I retreat more into myself ... My head is pushed underwater and I can hear the grating of the torches on my head against the roof. The bedding is very low and wide - almost too low - and I thrutch forwards, pressed between roof and floor. With radio-location pinpointing problem areas in the survey, its off to the sewer-like basement of Gaping Gill. Images from the Past There are three questions that need some answers in this months Images from the Past. Can you help with dates, names or faces? The Future is not Orange LED lights are all the rage: everyone, but everyone seems to want one. But are they as good as the manufacturers make out; what are the myths and realities of this new technology - what should you know before you buy? Into Hidden Bristol Hidden Earth 2000, the annual caving conference, appeared to be doomed in the face of travel difficulties. Cavers are, in the end, always versatile and it proved a well-attended, excellent event. Here is the full report on every lecture, recording the years successes and failures in British cavings calendar. Would I Mind Doing it Again? How would it feel if you had a trip into your favourite cave, resurveying an area to bring the records up to date, and found open passage that wasnt on your list? Open passage to push, only an hour from an entrance into Poulnagollum, Irelands longest cave ... Looking Forward For the past twenty-odd years and more, cavers have talked about forming a new national body. Once there was the BSA and CRG; now the NCA and BCRA and the key players. Following an independent report on the future of British caving, where is it heading and what needs to be done? The Last Remnants Charcoal drawings have been found in caves in Kalimantan, the last remnants of a lost civilisation. Eight expeditions later, Rolex aids their exploration. Cover: Guiem Mulet, Cova del Pas de Vallgornera, Mallorca. Photo: Tony Merino     ");
array_files[147]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent156.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (156)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (156) Descent (156) October 2000 Images from the Past Once again, Descent readers have come forward to help solve a mystery and to offer their reminiscences. The Pot of the Crocks ‘Like all clubs, we actively encourage a certain type of undernourished individual seemingly bred to enter crevices no wider than a family bible.’ Genetics paid off for Masson CG with a significant Peak District breakthrough. Caving and the Media: The Unveiling The media – be it radio, television or newspapers – has long misunderstood caving and mine exploration as a sport: what can be done to change attitudes, and would we want to do so? Descent (155) presented an introduction to the subject; in this issue, the debate continues. The Health Farm on Newby Moss Dales exploration was taken one step further when three cavers formed the nucleus of the Newby Moss Health Farm, dedicated to the discovery of passages unknown. Long Kin West beckoned them ever onward ... Vale: Harold ‘Budge’ Burgess Jack Myers offers a tribute to his friend and northern caver, ‘Budge’ Burgess. A Piece of Unparalleled Daring How many of today’s cavers were influenced by the derring-do exploits of Norbert Casteret? His books offered real-life thrills in a world of adventure fiction, the first of which is one of the most famous ever written: Ten Years Under the Earth. Yet how far does Casteret’s fame rest upon his exploration of Montespan ... and how real was his description of daring to dive, lightless and alone, an unpushed sump? A Cornish Coming of Age Now 21 years old, the National Association of Mining History Organisations held its latest meeting in Cornwall this year. It proved to be a stunning event, with underground visits, surface walks, explosive demonstrations ... and even free cream teas! Gear Review: The Petzl Mini Traxion A versatile jammer and hauling device undergoes a full review. Cover: Carol Vesely in Santa Cruz, Oaxaca, Mexico. Photo: Ron Simmons     ");
array_files[148]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent154.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (154)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (154) Descent (154) June 2000 A Pioneer Cave Diver ‘... first a solo descent with heavy baggage, nine hours – a night below – a day with jumper and sledge – the arrival of a companion – a shot while dining under the poised blocks since fallen – exit – trousers freezing in the cold night air – a wild career over the misty flats to Taunton and bed ...’ Graham Balcombe writes here of blasting Sump 1 in Swildon’s Hole; he died on 19 March. Widely loved and respected, here is caving’s tribute to this cave diving pioneer. BCRC Incident Report 1999 Here are the full details of all the accidents, incidents and analysis from the rescues of 1999 – as prepared by the British Cave Rescue Council. The Abseiling Experience An SRT trip where everything is doomed – have you been here? Pitch after Pitch after Pitch The Dales’ discovery of Trapdoor Pot plunges deep beneath the fells, pitch after pitch after pitch punctuated by squeezes. With names like The Ripper, The Gripper and The Stripper, are you tempted to tackle what lies below: Megatron pitch? Crewe Caps it All Not content with having opened up the Climbing Shaft in Derbyshire’s Whalf Mine, members of Crewe CPC tackled the nearby Engine Shaft – and discovered another, unsuspected shaft alongside. Fancy a superb free-hang and a new through-trip? One Hundred Years of Exploration In 1895 it was a Frenchman, Martel, who finally bottomed Gaping Gill. One hundred years later Sid Perou, with plenty of cavers to help, filmed a re-enactment of the descent. Now, after suitable editing and splicing new images into the sequence, a video is on sale courtesy of Bradford PC; it is reviewed here by Steve Warren. Images from the Past Your replies have identified last month’s image; can you help with details on ‘ballooning’ in Eldon Hole? Gear Review: Crusader Wetsuit Crusader Wetsuits are new to the sport – how did the range of longjohns, shorts, wetsocks and more stand up to an underground test? The Descent Caption Competition Your last chance to enter the latest Descent Caption Competition has arrived – win yourself one of three books, but be quick off the mark. Cover: Hugh St Lawrence in The Stripper, the crux of Trapdoor Pot Photo: Pete Hall     ");
array_files[149]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent155.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (155)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (155) Descent (155) August 2000 Images from the Past The controversial character of Eli Simpson features in this months Images from the Past. The Last Bolt Ting! ting! ting! ting! ting! Its so close now, the bolt half done. The last bolt, I think. I hope. I can hardly hear myself hammering against the thunder of the water. Its three in the morning, hanging in triers high on a water-flooded pitch. Breaking the Black Keld Barrier It is fifty years since the first dives were made into Black Keld, an enormous resurgence in the Yorkshire Dales. Nearly thirty years have passed since the last major breakthrough - but now Brian Judd is through the barrier and heading into the unknown. The Descent Caption Competition There are three winners in the caption competition; Dark Life is their prize. With Sun and Enthusiasm The Forest of Deans caving symposium has justly gained a reputation for an excellent weekends blend of caving and lectures. Jules Carter reports on the 2000 event. Caving and the Media: The Plot Weve all heard it: Cavers, are you? Mad! The problem is, attitudes such as these spill over into the media - newspapers, magazines, television, radio, films ... We and our sport are frequently portrayed as the lunatic fringe; where there is no sun, there can be no understanding. But how much of this is our own fault, brought on by our attitudes - and what can we do to bring about change? Gear Review: LED Lights Light Emitting Diodes are heralding the next generation of caving lamps. Two options are tested: a ready-made headlight and replacement LED bulbs to adapt your own rig. Jade Green Water Sixty-five years ago the first dives were made in Wookey Hole. Using cumbersome hard hats, a base-fed hose and hand-pumped air, three divers took turns to walk into the unknown. On 14 July cavers gathered in the Third Chamber to commemorate the event; to look into the jade-green water and think what it must have been like, all those years ago. Cover: Andy King in Torca del Regalom, Picas de Europa. Photo: Tim Guilford     ");
array_files[150]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent153.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (153)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (153) Descent (153) April 2000 Gauging the Risk How many times have you read in the media, or been told by your non-caving friends, that taking part in our sport is a risky business? No, no, you reply, itís really quite safe. But in the cold light of analysis, how right are they - or you? Images from the Past Images from the Past returns with feedback from Descent (152) and another picture to puzzle over. Can you help? Goydens Divine Escape Route I was puzzled: here was a dry river bed - but only minutes before I had seen a large river flowing past Goyden, which lay less than 200m away. Then we heard the roar of the river, and saw a frothing flood rushing downstream - but instead of reaching us the water was sinking in a wild frenzy into a new sink. The Descent Caption Competition Another Descent Caption Competition opens with no fewer than three prizes to win. Can you apply the funniest, stupidest, most ridiculous caption to our pair of illustrations? Gear Review: Dragon Tropical Oversuit The lightweight Dragon Tropical Oversuit receives a testing - and comes out shining. The Man of Pen and Ink Malcolm Newton, who died in November 1999, was renowned for his superb drawings of mining relics. His club, the Shropshire CMC, pays its tribute with a selection of Malcolmís work. Know Your Boundaries ... We were eventually rewarded with an immense high-level passage, nearly 50m wide and littered with house-sized boulders. Chattering bats circled overhead, disturbed by our lights. We reeled out the survey tape ... But in Vietnam, you must also deal with bureaucracy. A Thundering Gale on Pant Mawr Breathing caves are well known; differences between barometric pressure can cause draughts to blow inwards or outwards. Sometimes the movement is ferocious - one cave on Pant Mawr moor is such a place. Now, why not use the strength of the draught to calculate the volume of unknown cave? The Adventures of Conon The identity of Conon Fraser, who wrote caving fiction stories, was queried in Descent (151). Following some detective work, here are the answers. Cover: Maoaotou Yan, Guilin, China. Photo: Andy Eavis     ");
array_files[151]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent152.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (152)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (152) Descent (152) February 2000 Images from the Past Have you an old cave photograph that you know little about? Who is the caver, where was it taken, by whom and when? Images from the Past introduces a new feature to Descent : can you help with information? A Century of British Caving As we enter the year 2000, Ric Halliwell takes a look back across the last century of British caving – the digs and breakthroughs, the highs and lows that have helped to shape our sport. Days Under Pressure The pressure was on with seven French cavers trapped by floods. It was not even known if they were alive or dead, as one of the largest rescue attempts – and almost certainly the most expensive – of the millennium was set into motion. Meanwhile, the victims were under a different form of pressure. If at First You Don’t Succeed ... When it comes to digs, cavers in the Forest of Dean are renowned for stopping at nothing. If a shaft fails, you dig another. If that fails, how about a tunnel? But aren’t nine shafts pushing it a bit? Not if you break through in Big Sink. A Kilometre a Day A six-day camp in the depths of Tecolote, Mexico ... Four days pushing, surveying, finding lead after lead ... Four kilometres of passage, and still there’s more to do ... Gear Review: Zecom Waterproof Paper The cave environment is not kind to equipment – so tear-proof, waterproof paper sounds useful for surveying. Zecom is under test. War Underground What does this remind you of? Digging in darkness and oxygen-poor air, setting off explosives ... No, it isn’t a cave dig, but the extraordinary exploits of tunnellers during the First World War. The Descent Caption Competition At last, a winner. Are you the owner of a new helmet, courtesy of Inglesport, or will you simply sit back and laugh at this month’s entries? The Importance of Being Earnest More irregular observations on life, the universe and caving from Alan Jeffreys. Cover: Swildons Hole, 1927 and the rescue from the Vitarelles, France. Photos: Harry Savory / SSF/FFS     ");
array_files[152]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent151.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (151)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (151) Descent (151) December 1999 Rescue: The Stats of the Matter More than one caver has the need to thank cave rescue teams for bringing them out safely; we all cave easier for knowing that they are there. Each year the rescue statistics are published; each year we look to see what misfortunes (or stupidity) has led to a callout. Now, as we near the end of the decade (let alone the millennium), Pete Allwright looks back across ten years of facts to determine the overall trends. Choose the Cover You Require Insurance! Ho, hum, boring! Yet we live with it every day &Mac246; car, house, life, access for caving, cover for expeditions ... We pay dearly for something we hope we never need, but what can we do? David Judson wonders if developing a better policy is the way to go ... but at what price? A single national caving body? Heres the pros and cons of what could arise from the current discussions. Fifty Years of Aggy Aggy Fifty years ago, Christmas and New Year spent on a bleak limestone escarpment in South Wales led to a major find: Agen Allwedd. Aggys discoverer, Brian Price, recounts how he and two schoolboy Scouts dug their way in. Gear Review: Inglesports new helmet is given the once-over. Leeds Underground The annual National Caving Conference, Hidden Earth, was a resounding success. Here are more than mere reports on every lecture and competition results - here is the distillation of what British cavers have been doing for the past year. The Descent Caption Competition Your last chance to win one of Inglesports new helmets. Cover: Lathkill Head Cave, Derbyshire. Photos: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[153]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent149.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (149)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (149) Descent (149) August 1999 In Search of Lost Caverns Over 35km of labyrinth lies beneath Halkyn Mountain in North Wales. The abandoned lead mines associated with the Milwr Tunnel are still being examined for routes to lost workings and, potentially, the natural caverns which drain into the mine. Read the history of exploration of this fascinating area. More of the Grim and Squalid! Why do we do it? Why push onwards into often grotty holes? Because they are there? For two cavers, what they found in Crucifiction Cave proved grim and squalid ñ even by their own admission. Gear Review: The Firefly Bulb Firer 1 Cave photographers will be delighted to find another item in their arsenal: a flashbulb firer complete with slave unit. The Descent Caption Competition A record mailbag has been reduced to the final few. Who won the Enduro undersuit? Descending the Peak Abyss A volunteer group from Crewe CPC has repaired the anchors at Eldon Hole, allowing the caving community to continue its sporting pursuits in safety. In these days of rapid SRT descents, however, it is all too easy to forget how difficult it was for the early explorers to gain the bottom of the pot. With a description of work that has been completed in 1999, here is an account of a descent in 1900. Fossil Pot: Key to Grassington Moor? Fossil Pot has been extended by half a kilometre, a respectable addition to our northern caves by anyoneís standards. Yet the extension may prove more significant than the maths might indicate: could this be a route into the Lost Caverns of Grassington Moor? Seduced by a Sump Eight years of persistent digging have finally paid off with a breakthrough in Poulnagree, Co. Clare ñ but the explorers first had to learn to dive. Cover: Sue Hagan in Ogof Ffynnon Ddu 1. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[154]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent150.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (150)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (150) Descent (150) October 1999 A Sense of Wilderness As conservationists we fight to preserve our dwindling wilderness areas, from the Arctic wilds to tropical forest and vibrant reefs. Everywhere travellers bemoan the way in which tourism is so destructive: see it now, before its too late, they cry, as they help destroy. What is so different about our caving heritage that we can choose to ignore the effects of our actions? Just Itching to be Discovered Jordan might not be everybodys first choice of caving destination; indeed, for Tony Howard it was the lure of climbing that led him to explore the country and, in doing so, he ended up finding caves that were just itching to be discovered. Eldons Explorers A comparison of a descent of Eldon Hole using modern equipment and that of 100 years ago was begun in the last edition of your favourite magazine. The story now reaches its conclusion with the return to the surface and a second descent using a bosuns chair. Hanging in the Peak British cavers benefit from well-placed, permanent Eco-hangers in many of our popular caves, thanks to grants and money-raising schemes, and volunteers to place these anchors. The NCA trains cavers how to install these hangers properly: what are the criteria, and how did the latest training day go? Gear Review The CC Trek Light and Peli Products Heads Up Light are under cavers scrutiny. Going Dutch We seem to have a natural reluctance when it comes to caver training: do we leave it to the clubs, pay a professional to impart the necessary expertise, or just muddle along? Heaven forbid, what if controls were introduced that gave us an exam before we could take out club tackle? Fiction, or fact? To Be Continued ... Join Alan Jeffreys with his latest observations on life, the universe and caving. The Descent Caption Competition Inglesport has a new helmet on the market. Heres your chance to win one, if you can think up the funniest caption. Cover: Ogof Govan, South Wales. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[155]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent148.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (148)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (148) Descent (148) June 1999 Going Underground in Leeds Planning for Hidden Earth, the annual BCRA caving conference, is well underway, and its not too soon to begin preparing your competition entries. BCRC Incident Report 1998 British cave rescue teams work long and hard on our behalf: we hope we never need them, but when we do ... Here are the full details of all the callouts for 1998. Grown Men Do Cry! Faced with ever more more costly video equipment and diving gear, not to mention the hours of work involved in making an underwater caving video, its no wonder that tears are shed when the high-tech computer decides to throw it all away. Another Mountain to Climb On a return visit to Turkey, Martyn Farr continues his exploration of Altinbesik Cave - until the team discovers a major new site further along the valley. A Tale of Two Letters The crossed I character is well known in Derbyshire caving circles, being inscribed on the wall in the Peak/Speedwell System. Investigations have revealed more sites where it is found, and how it evolved in the English alphabet. The Fault That Never Was Peter Borthwick has laboured for many years, digging to find a major passage, to reveal a secret that lies beneath Derbyshire limestone. Now he passes on his thoughts and theories: its time for a new generation to take up the challenge. Give Me an Inch and Ill Rant All Night Alan Jefferies returns to our pages with another of his Cavers Irregular Observations. Cover: Pat Cronin in Altinbesik Cave, Turkey. Photos: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[156]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent147.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (147)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (147) Descent (147) April 1999 Beyond 4,000 Metres Divers working in the huge resurgence of the Doux de Coly in the French Dordogne have been pushing further and further from base. In the previous issue of Descent we left them using habitats and scooters, and preparing to return to the cave in the summer of 1998. Join the divers for this concluding part to the article, which brings us up to date with the exploration of the Doux de Coly. Baker’s Pit and its Water Quality Baker’s Pit lies beneath an infilled quarry in Devon. Measuring the quality of the water seeping into the cave has revealed some interesting facts, such as an indication that there could be a vastly increased rate of stal growth going on. Gear Review: BCB First Aid Kit and Ortlieb Drybag How did BCB first aid kits and an Ortleib PS 490 drybag stand up when subjected to the rigours of a caver’s use? Making an Entrance, Stage Left ... Is caving about making it easier to reach the end, or conserving what we already have and thereby maintaining the remoteness of the furthest reaches? In a Viewpoint article triggered by events at Ogof Draenen, Ben Lovett presents his personal opinions. Vale: Peter Fowler Martyn Farr writes a tribute to Peter Fowler, who died while cave diving in South Wales. Once in a Blue Moon Let’s face it: discovering a new cave is hardly unheard of. When it contains bright blue formations, it’s a touch more unusual. Here we have the previously untold story of the discovery of Wizards Chasm in a shakehole near Langcliffe Scar in the Yorkshire Dales. Don’t Drop the Diagrams When you buy a new bit of kit, what do you do with the paperwork? Many cavers throw it away, yet within lies some valuable advice that’s not to be so lightly passed up. The Power to Dig Dig, dig, dig! On and on, pulling in more and more cavers to help. Then, a flash of brilliance. Would using water-power help? Is the Derbyshire Extension to Kingsdale Master Cave evidence enough? Descent’s Caption Competition Don’t miss the latest Descent Caption Competition, with an Enduro undersuit – and more – to go to the lucky (and skilful) winners. Cover: Titan Shaft, the latest discovery in Peak Cavern. Photo: Paul Deakin Inset: The Mendip Supergun. Photo: Simon Muir     ");
array_files[157]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent146.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (146)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (146) Descent (146) February 1999 Diving Without Limit Cave diving has grown in stature over the years, until its current standing of a highly technical sport with rebreathers, underwater habitats and staged air and mixed gas supplies. The Doux de Coly in the French Dordogne is a case in point, where dives have taken cavers further and further from base - and still the cave continues, without limit. This is Mr P.B. Smith On 19 November 1988 Pete Smith lost his life in a tragic fall. His friends and colleagues from the world of caving pay their tribute to one of Derbyshires true characters. Gingling by Night It was not the great depth Gingling Hole that provided the attraction, then no more than 140ft, but it had a fascination and quality all of its own. Join Len Cook for another in his occasional series on caving in the 1950s as he descends this Very Difficult Pothole. Bright Ideas in Lighting Cavers are always on the lookout for newer, better ways of doing things. A fresh look at lighting is therefore bound to be of interest. To Gate or Not to Gate ... To those who gate mines: you should examine your motives. So wrote Chris Jones in Descent (145), and in so doing attracted some counter-opinion from Colin Steve Knox. Within the Accursed Mountains As a holiday destination, Albania is perhaps not most peoples first choice. Members of Axbridge CG succeeded in organising an expedition just before the climate changed further for the worse - and against all the odds not only found caves, but also made a film. Cover: Steve Thomas and Mike Thomas diving in Doux de Coly. Photos: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[158]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent145.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (145)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (145) Descent (145) December 1998 A Speleologists Southport Cavers descended upon Southport for the annual caving conference, Hidden Earth. Here is the full report covering the lectures, competitions and the Tackle Bag Stuffing Woman! The Exploration of Beck Head The Cumbrian area of limestone near Witherslack has attracted the interest of cavers for many years. One site, Beck Head, called for an underwater dig. The Most Southerly Caves on Earth With new caving areas such as Mulu, Papua New Guinea and the undiscovered limestones of China now firmly on the cavers hit list, are the karstic islands off Chile our planets last virgin caving region? A Giant Christmas Dinner! Had your annual caving club dinner yet? No? Planned your Christmas festivities? No? Heres one group that celebrated with a slap-up meal - in the depths of a cave! With a Little Skullduggery Members of Derbyshires Pegasus CC continue their downwards trend, and come up with yet more bones. Dantes Inferno I stand up in a chamber where shadows race, huge against the dim walls. Sweat runs through my eyes to drip from my chin. The air, reeking of urea, sticks in my throat. In Drotskys Cave, in the heart of Botswana. Cover: Commersons Leaf-nosed Bats in Drotskys Cave, Botswana. Photo: Ben Lovett     ");
array_files[159]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent144.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (144)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (144) Descent (144) October 1998 Dropping the Hemispheres Deepest In 1995 an expedition to Papua New Guinea explored a cave to a depth of more than 1km. This year the challenge was to make a through-trip and push an open lead in the most promising cave on the plateau. Taking the Healing Airs Speleotherapy is a well-known medical treatment prescribed by doctors in many eastern European countries - so why is it virtually unknown elsewhere? The Bad News, and the Good With expedition grants thin on the ground the big news is that major funding is once again available - so send for a form and go for it! A Return to Pir Ghaib Frustrated by repeated attempts to explore a cave in the hills of western Pakistan, its the fourth time lucky for Simon Brooks. Time to Play TAG Freshly returned from this years NSS Convention deep in the heart of TAG country, Ian Chandler reports on the reception given to SpeleoArt in the USA. Cover: Cave diving in Hurtle Pot. Artwork: Mark Lumley     ");
array_files[160]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent143.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (143)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (143) Descent (143) August 1998 Prisoners of War Ogof Draenens War of the Worlds, an immense passage which hurtles into a choke, was discovered in 1996. Dogged determination has now taken cavers into the hillside beyond with a major extension: Prisoners of War. Alas Poor Yorick ... I didnt know him at all well. Take a trip into Derbyshires latest (and still secret) archaeological discovery. Into the Unknown Its August! Its expedition time! No stranger to foreign climes, join Jim Eyre as he journeys into the unknown. The BCRC and Capham Beck Every two years the BCRC holds a conference. This year, they put the delegates through a gruelling rescue race - along Clapham Beck. Reinventin the Wheelie Bin Cave diving activity at the Ressel Resurgence in France has reached fever pitch as divers attempt to pass the sump before a halt is called to all exploration in October. Return to Oonaglour When the roof threatened to squish the party, exploration stopped - but the lure of open passage remained. Cover: Deborah Morgenstern in the passage below Slab House in Honeymead Hole. Photo: Paul Stillman     ");
array_files[161]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent142.html","2012-01-31","9K","Descent (142)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (142) Descent (142) June 1998 Into The Wolf Den When Andy Goddard and Phil Murphy broke into an extension in Rawthey Cave they hardly thought they would begin a project which would take them back 3,000 years as they and others investigate the human remains found in the Wolf Den. Cameras at Porth Asking for help through the pages of Descent can lead to surprising results, in this case with making a film drama in Porth yr Ogof. BCRC Incident Report 1997 Can you learn from the mistakes that other cavers have made? Check here for the statistics and details from 1997. Whither the Whalf A poke around within a ruined building in the copse above Hillocks Mine in Derbyshire resulted in the discovery of a long-lost climbing shaft. Here is how the Whalf was rediscovered. Cover: Run to the Mill Cave, Tennesse, USA. Photo: Marc Tremblay     ");
array_files[162]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent141.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (141)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (141) Descent (141) April 1998 The Schwyll Enigma Schwyll could be the most extensive underwater cave network south of the Yorkshire Dales. Schwyll Spring, a fascinating rising near the coast of South Wales, has finally begun to give up its secrets to cave diver Martyn Farr. The Inside Story The feeling of pushing yourself, of what it feels like to be exploring a deep pot, comes through in this superbly introspective piece of writing by Dave Checkley. Foreign Caving: The Final Solution Caving outside your patch? How will you be treated by all the foreigners youll meet? The First free Dive Poetry to dive with ... Wonder of the Peak An old advertising poster sparked off some research into the parts of Peak Cavern in an attempt to track down a date. Cover: Ben Lovett, the Ice Castle in F41, OUCC El Regalon 97 expedition to the Picos de Europa, Spain. Photo: Tim Guilford     ");
array_files[163]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent140.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (140)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (140) Descent (140) February 1998 Nirvana Perfect bliss can be found in Dentdale - at least, according to the cavers who have made the latest discoveries there. Two Weeks in the Taurus I was just about to reach for a bolt when there was a tinkle, tinkle, ker-plop... Join Martyn Farr and his colleagues as they explore the wilds of Turkey. Preach what you Practise With a wing and a prayer, Charles Bailey finds that flying is very easy - its the sudden stop that gives him a problem, especially when its at the far end of Carno Adit. Gloucester Goes Mad in Missouri How do the caves of Missouri match up to a visit by cavers from the Forest of Dean when they journey to the 1997 NSS Convention? Taking Care of Tomorrow As our mining heritage crumbles into dust, an increasing number of people are becoming involved in conservation and preservation. Here are the successes of the Shropshire Mines Trust. The Queen of Hearts Has Gilwern Hill been caved out with the discovery of Ogof Draenen? It seems not, with more passage found in the nearby Ogof Ddwy Sir. The Emperors Old Clothes Caving with the Naughty Underground Deshabille Exploration Society? Surely not; the thought of Alan Jeffreys with the NUDES conjures up all sorts of visions. Cover: Pat Cronin in Altinbesik Cave, Turkey. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[164]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent139.html","2012-01-31","9K","Descent (139)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (139) Descent (139) December 1997 Hidden Earth 97 With 48 lectures and a host of competitions, this years BCRA Conference was a huge success. Beyond the Unexplored Extremity Its not often that an old archaeological site, well known and oft examined, is extended in a major way, but this is exactly what has happened at Kirkdale. The Man with the Edge The news that Rob Parker died in August while diving in the blue holes of the Bahamas came as a crushing shock to everyone. Three of his friends pay tribute to this well loved caver. The Stench of Tsarparang An investigation of a cave in tibet ... it was short, but with a difference. Larf? I nearly Drowned Join Alan Jeffreys in a catalogue of errors. Cover: Two cavers ascend in tandem in Cueva de Cuchilla in northern Mexico. Photo: Ann and Peter Bosted     ");
array_files[165]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent138.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (138)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (138) Descent (138) October 1997 Electronic Aids in caving As electronics impinge more and more into caving, here is a review of what GPS receivers and palm-top computers offer in the field. In Casterets Footsteps We entered a large chamber with walls of pure crystal and its once white floor flat as a still pool. On this lake of calcite sailed galleons of rock and we wandered round like children in fairyland. Join Len Cook for another of his tales of caving in the 1950s. A Yorkshireman in the Rockies Caving is a very different experience 1,500m up in the Rockies at minus 30 degrees. Here is the first Letter from BC from Yorkshireman Clive Keen. A Congressional Hearing The twelfth UIS International Congress was held in Switzerland in August. If you werent able to attend, this is what you missed. The Twang Cave Extensions Twang Cave in Dentdale was first explored in December 1995. Now, the sump blockage has been bypassed to more than double the caves length. Cover: Diana Gietl at the bottom of the Moulin de la souveraintete, Greenland. Photo: Marc Tremblay     ");
array_files[166]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent136.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (136)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (136) Descent (136) June 1997 BCRC Incident Report 1996 The rescue statistics for 1996 - your chance to learn from what happened to other cavers. Over Three Caves in Six Months? Defocusing! With attention switching from Ogof Draenen to Ogof Carreg Lem for the next major Welsh discovery, the entrance choke is passed. Whats Bugging You? When youre out there caving in Britain or further afield, which bugs are trying to get you - and what can you do about it? Planning Brings Prizes Cave conservation in Derbyshire is benefiting from an agreement between cavers, quarry companies and local authorities. Here are ideas and a model to follow for other areas of the UK. Caving Nepalese Style Rumours of a cave under Kathmandu. Cover: A caver kneels between large rimstone dams and a huge stalagmite name Goliath Upper inset: Dave Jones stands at the Temple of the Fiery Cave God Lower inset: Jeff Rutherford in the Volcano Room The cave names, in the Guadalupe Mountains of New Mexico, USA, are not given for conservation reasons. Photos: Peter Jones     ");
array_files[167]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent137.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (137)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (137) Descent (137) August 1997 If Music be the Food of Love, Cave On Theres cave-dedicated music beyond the obvious Hebrides Overture, if you know where to look. The problem is, the songs tend to be somewhat excruciating. The Limestone Enchantress When Bruce Sinclair won a holiday in the Descent Caption Competition he headed for the French Vercors. This is his tale, and an overview of the area to whet the appetite of other cavers wanting to drink beer in the sun between trips underground. Fe, Phai, Ho, Hum Join the team and Paul Callister for their triumphs in Vietnam: Did it go? shouted Howard. Yes. Was it big? Yes. Is it still going? Yes! I shouted triumphantly. Then Came the Call As a cave diver, Rob palmer was larger than life; he dreamed large, and made it happen. His books and accomplishments remain to remind us of the stories and the man who lost his life doing what he loved best. Here are tributes from his friends and colleagues to add to our memories. Ex Libris Alan Jeffreys reminisces of halcyon days, rooting through old club journals. Cover: Dave Elliot in Alum Pot. Photo: Gavin Newman Inset: Maurice Hewins digging in Clag Holes, Mendip. Photo: Dave Morrison     ");
array_files[168]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent135.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (135)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (135) Descent (135) April 1997 Follow That Frog! For over three years divers in the Swansea Valley have worked to follow the underground course of the Ogof Ffynnon Ddu streamway, revealing over one kilometre of sumped passages in the process. With success came a new connection between OFD 1 and 2. With Rationed Ropes and Spits The 1996 Yangtze Caves expedition was divided into two teams: one ended up with deep shafts and no spits, the other with horizontal cave and lots of rope. How did this latest in the China Caves Project expeditions fare? The Changing Face of UK Caving Many cavers do not understand the basis of our national body, the NCA, perhaps never more so than at present. As changes to the constitution are debated, heated words have followed which question its role. Here, Glenn Jones puts forward the views of the CNCC, which Mick Day, the Chairman of the NCA, answers. Cover: Little Fishes Cave, the second pitch in Flood Cave (upper inset) and Crawling Dog Hole (lower inset), China. Photos: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[169]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent134.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (134)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (134) Descent (134) February 1997 Into the Black Oxford UCCs latest find in Ogof Draenen continues its inexorable march southwards with the discovery of Dolimore Series. Mud, Sweat and Caves Join Pam Fogg, in search for caves in the equatorial heat of Kalimantan. Subterranean Sketching If the concept of drawing, rather than photographing, your favourite sport appeals to you, heres your guide to beginning sketching underground. De Profundis Who should have written the foreword to Race Against Time? A celebrity, or a bone fide victim such as Alan Jeffreys? Caving Beneath the Gobi Mongolias Gobi Desert; an arid, challenging tract of land. the problem is, would such a featureless area contain caves - and how do you find them again, even if you know where they are? Cover: Pant Mawr pot in watercolour. Artwork: David Bellamy     ");
array_files[170]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent133.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (133)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (133) Descent (133) December 1996 Hidden Earth The 1996 BCRA Conference was a huge success, with an increase in attendance and an overwhelming variety of lectures. Here are the reports on the talks and competitions, the events and displays. Lost in the Mine In 1953 John Butler was lost in a mine working. Alone, his matches damp and his candle extinguished, he settleddown to die in the dark. Alan Jeffreys tells the tale of Johns struggle to survive. The Caves of Lao Adrian Gregory takes us to the Lao Peoples Democratic Republic in search of caves, but he not only finds caverns but also frustration and difficulties along the way. Bring Down the Government Not every dig immediately yields new passage in Ogof Draenen but that doesnt stop the fun. Cover: Steve Openshaw in Tham None (main picture and lower inset) and a passage in tham Hoi, Laos. Photos: Adrian Gregory     ");
array_files[171]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent132.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (132)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (132) Descent (132) October 1996 The War of the Worlds Around the country, talk is still on the latest discoveries in Ogof Draenen. This issue brings us up to date with the exploration of the spectacular War of the Worlds. Lancaster Nights Join Len Cook for another in his series of tales of caving in the Dales in years gone by. Fixed Aids in Ogof Ffynnon Ddu These days, the problem of fixed aids and liability regularly arises. At OFD, where aids have become an established part of the cave, there has been much discussion.: what to retain, what to remove. Here is the rationale, and the results, which affect all cavers and leaders to the system. Upstream Grabbers Cave With the jigsaw puzzle of the Upper Dentdale System still under close scrutiny, a well-decorated extension to Grabbers Cave is revealed. More Fun on Fisht Drawn by the thought of a truly British wet grovel, we descended the treacherous path from our campsite to have a look ... But this was high on a Russian mountain, not the slopes of Mendip! Colorado Sunshine When it comes to a gathering of cavers, the NSS knows how to give everyone a good time: free beer for a week! Report on the Gouffre Berger accident In a tragic accident in July two cavers lost their lives in the Gouffre Berger. Here are the facts. Cover: Steve Thomas in Dip Sump Series, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[172]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent131.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (131)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (131) Descent (131) August 1996 Caves Be Where You Make em Nearly forty years on, the connection between Swildons Hole and Priddy Green Sink has finally been made. Fifty Years Beneath the Surface On 11 May the Cave Diving Group celebrated its fiftieth anniversary at Wookey Hole. Probably the largest gathering of cave divers, representing every era of exploration, assembled for the day. Here is a tribute to the CDG. Under Dentdale Beavering away in Dentdale, members of Dent House SS have discovered a new cave... Dont Lecture Me, Young Man Hidden Earth is coming... and with this years national conference, a host of lectures. Heres where to pick up your tips on presentation and the anti-yawn factor. Beyond Turkish Calcite I clutched the rope like grim death and ran like hell before launching myself sideways into space, just reaching the gap before the law of gravity took over. With knees, elbows, feet and teeth I jammed myself in, panting like a landed fish, eyes glazed, heart pounding and a heady exotic mixture of sheer terror and exhilaration coursing through my mind. Guns, Dust and Raw Goat With armed guards for company, for the first time since 1972 a British caving expedition has entered Ethiopia - and brought back good results. Into the Digital Age Do photographs never lie? Of course they do; were in the digital age and cave photographs will never be the same again. Hexamine Highways As Ogof Draenen heads for the 50km mark, a dig gains Hexamine Highways. Cover: Grasping for Straws, a digitally manipulated image. Photo: Dave Bunnell     ");
array_files[173]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent130.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (130)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (130) Descent (130) June 1996 Charging for Rescues The latest from Scotland: charging for mountain rescue. Alan Jeffreys reports whether the politicians are going to drop the idea, or take on caving next. Turkish Delight Faced with not knowing where to go on holiday, Jim Eyre left for Turkey for a bout of social interaction with the local population and some exploration thrown in for good measure. Potholing with a Pencil Shane Lucas heads for the Berger with a parcel of tips for caving abroad. Up at the Sharp End Head into Big Country with the Draenen Diggers - but not every trip gets you new passage! BCRC Incident Report 1995 The complete report for 1995, a chance to learn details of every incident and learn by others mistakes. To Find Charlie a Cave Deep in Thailand, a search for a new showcave. Rubbed up the Wrong Way Very slowly I placed my footloop jammer above the fray, but this placed my chest jammer directly on the strands. Whats it like to prusik past a severed sheath? Cave Therapy When young adults have learning difficulties in society what do the police do? Get involved, and thentake them underground. For Hades Sake Hades: a caving club name, a link to mythologyor a friendly, misunderstood chap? Who was this Hades person, anyway? Cover: Pauline Rigby in Ogof Draenen. Photo: Tim Guilford     ");
array_files[174]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent129.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (129)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (129) Descent (129) April 1996 The Reluctant Diver Its back to the 1940s with Len Cook and the days of diving northern sumps. Dry as a Bone Ogof Draenen strides inexorably onwards, this time into the bare limestone of Gilwern Hill. Read how Waterfall Series was discovered, and how light was shed on the caves evolution. Late for Dinner Pushing beyond the limit of Slaughter Stream Caves Pirate Passage, the rewards of exploration dont come easy. The Wolves Ian, mad Ian, finally drawing four back. John, with the engineering inspiration to finally beat its rock jaws with scaffolding hung from above. More months, treating each boulder with the care a father treats the newly born; the deadly new born. Join Pete Francis for the ongoing push towards South Wales next master cave. Merry Tom Theres a puzzle in Derbyshire - perhaps its one you can solve. Cover: Barry Keenan in Scret Passage, Cascades Rising Cave, Co. Fermanagh. Photo: John Kelly     ");
array_files[175]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent128.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (128)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (128) Descent (128) February 1996 The Underground Pencil of Linda Heslop As speleo art climbs into prominence, Descent is proud to dispaly the work of Linda Heslop. Seven Days in Faustloch The logistics of camping for seven days underground to dive a sump at the depth of 970m might be considered problem enough for an expedition. Then, add one foreigner who doesnt speak the lingo, and the need to photograph the whole deal. Sunday at Sunset In 1967, the rescue of Eric Luckhurst underway and filmed by Sid Perou, the unthinkable happens and Eric dies. In this closing article of his four-part series, Sid must deal with the BBC and a highly charged, ethical situation. Shangri-La Five foot eight with long, waist-length, silky black hair. Dark brown eyes that sparkled at you in the Chinese way, and a captivating smile. Shangri-La. The Blight of the Heron In the latest of his irregular observations, Alan Jeffreys heads downward on a typical cold, wet, Heron trip. Cover: Chris Stine picks his way up a slope in YO Acres, Lechuguilla Cave, USA. Photo: Peter and Ann Bosted     ");
array_files[176]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent127.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (127)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (127) Descent (127) December 1995 Caving in Southport Why did a mass of cavers travel to a seaside town, devoid of caves but resplendent with a pier with no water? To sample the rich fare of the 1995 BCRA Conference. Last of the Summer Wine One of the caving worlds larger than life characters, George Comes, has died aged 85. This is a tribute from one of Georges many friends, Jim Eyre, himself renowned for a wicked tale. Due South Ogof Draenen is on the march again, with two major breakthroughs. Heres the latest news. The Beresford Link After many years of digging and pushing, Ricklow Cave and Lathkill Head Cave have been joined - via the Beresford Link. Cover: Jo Chapman in Cullaun II. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[177]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent126.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (126)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (126) Descent (126) October 1995 Edouard Martel en Irlande Martel is renowned as the man who first descended Gaping Gill, one hundred years ago. However, before that feat he was in Ireland, exploring Marble Arch. Pushing Poultalloon Another major cave has been discovered on the Burren in Co. Clare. Here, fresh from the pushing front, is a taste of exploration. Filming at Sunset Sid Perou, finally able to film a rescue in progress, discovers the reality of working underground while a casualty is inched towards the surface. Seventh Heaven in Claonaite For years cavers have burrowed into the secrets of Uamh am Claonaite, trying to find the way onward past Sump 6. Earlier this year the key was found; the prize was far more than any had hoped for. From Times Gone By A cache of photographs yields a glimpse of caving in the Dales. Home of the Fighting Gobblers Attending a caving convention in the US brings more variety than might be imagined. Electronics Underground Most cavers are content with simply going caving, so whats the point of using electronic gear as well? Mike Bedford, reporting on the Cave Radio and Electronics Group meeting in May, indicates the work underway and where its heading. Cover: Red Passage, Lechuguilla Cave, USA. Photo: Peter and Ann Bosted     ");
array_files[178]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent124.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (124)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (124) Descent (124) June 1995 Operation Cave Rescue Sid Perou has received international acclaim for his caving films. Read part one of his account of how he began his career. Mendip in Belize Members of the Mendip Caving Group came across more than the uncharted karst they expected to find in Belize. Only Ten Minutes Ten minutes is all it took to dig into not one, but two major extensions. Heres the latest in the continuing story of the exploration of Ogof Draenen. A Song for the Memory Alan Jeffreys continues his irregular observations, recollecting the heady days of the cavers songbook. No pottering A 1950s Nescafe advert featured cavers - but who and where were they? BCRC Incident Report 1994 Full details of all incidents recorded for 1994. Cover: Malcolm Stewart and gypsum crystals in Ogof Draenen. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[179]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent125.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (125)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (125) Descent (125) August 1995 Into the Albime In 1985 Martel both ended and began an era in caving history. Here is a study of the influence he had, and the background and description of Martels feat. Join us for British cavings centenary: the descent of Gaping Gill. Cave Explorer Extraordin-Eyre When The Cave Explorers first appeared in 1981, many cavers thought it was the best thing since solid bread. So why were copies so hard to get hold of? Not Oxford Street When Oxford UCC went exploring in Ogof Draenen, they had the good fortune to make two major extensions - and the presence of mind not to name any passage as Oxford Street. Waiting for a Callout Sid Perou little realises what difficulties are involved in simply waiting in the Dales for a callout to film. Cover: Nick Geh in Cova des Pas de Vallgornera, Mallorca. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[180]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent123.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (123)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (123) Descent (123) April 1995 A Good Rung for your Money Join Alan Jeffreys for the first in a series of irregular observations on life, the universe, and things down holes. Over a Score Ogof Draenen captured everybodys hopes for wonderous extensions. Here is the best of exploration, though not every push leads to a breakthrough. Into Downstream Doline The local people call the worlds largest doline Xio Zhai, the Big Hole in The Sky. But what course does the water take: the best through-trip on earth? Sleets Gill: A natural paranoia Les Hewitt, trapped by floods and now by a film crew, learns to deal with fame. Cover: Dave Checkley and Kev Senior in Upstream Doline Cave, China. Photo: Tony Baker     ");
array_files[181]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent122.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (122)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (122) Descent (122) February 1995 Twenty Thousand Metres Under Pwll Du Exploration proceeds apace in Ogof Draenen, which passed the 20km mark in the New Year. Heres the details of how the round-trip in Britains fastest growing cave was discovered. Sleets Gill: The Movie In 1992 Les Hewitt and Roy Dean were rescued in a spectacular fashion from Sleets Gill Cave. Subsequently, a film documentary was made. Should it have been titled Get trapped with Les? What was it like to return to the scene of this almost fatal incident? Prusiking on a Core The 1994 Chimanimani expedition to Zimbabwe was a resounding success, and attained a depth record for southern Africa. Yet, not everything went right. When a rope sheath parted company, there was no alternative to prusiking on the core. Cover: Chris Stine with two huge, 1m high helictites in Lechuguilla Cave, USA. Photo: Peter and Ann Bosted     ");
array_files[182]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent121.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (121)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (121) Descent (121) December 1994 Special issue with four extra pages Sleepless Nights The grapevine is buzzing with news of a major South Wales discovery, with over 15km already surveyed. This issue of Descent carries extra pages to bring you the discovery and exploration of Ogof Draenen. Whats it like to drop down a pitch into a huge chamber, to surge down open streamway passage, to gaze in awe at crystal-covered walls, or be chased down a slope by a runaway boulder? Read on.... The Slit Pot Explosion! A caver, stuck in the Slit of Slit Pot, then ... A bright flash permeated the spray-soaked air, instantly followed by a loud boom! Christ, hes disintegrated! BCRA Conference 94 What happened at this years conference? Five full pages of reports keep you informed. In the Eye of the Beholder Cave art is gaining acceptance, so much so that a new group has been established: the International Society of Speleological Arts. The Dissident Mammoth Rumins Horses are stylised cave paintings, so whats so special about them? Their location, deep in a Russian cave rather than in the traditional sites of Europe. Cover: Judith Calford at the start of Gilwern Passage, Ogof Draenen. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[183]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent120.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (120)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (120) Descent (120) October 1994 The Pot in the Bed of the Clydach Was it called the Whirly Pool, the Pool in the Valley, or the Pool of Dogs? What was the origin of the name of Pwll-y-Cwm, found in a South Wales gorge? Canary Caves Fancy a change of climate and the chance to explore some lava tubes? Then it’s off to the Canary Islands with Pete Glanvill. Five Have Fun in Mexico Back to explore Cuetzalan, but the caves are fighting back with a vengeance. What’s it like watching water rise by a metre every fifteen minutes, from inside the cave? A Date for a Cave Dating archaeological remains is fine, but how can the cave itself be dated? By taking samples ... but what does that doe to the cave itself? Perhaps a code for collecting is needed. The Pirates of Fountains Fell Here we have a simple tale of ordinary folk happily and with friendly rivalry investigating the wet sinks of Fountains Fell. Join Jim Eyre for the concluding part of his story. Cover: Jason Pitman in Cueva de Arbol de Resistol, Mexico. Photo: Adrian Gregory     ");
array_files[184]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent119.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (119)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (119) Descent (119) August 1994 The Ffantoms of Fountains Fell The pipes lay on the heather like monstrous pulsating worms, spewing out water from leaking joints, but enabling more exploration to be carried out. Here at last is the true story of how the 1950s Gingling Hole Extensions were made, as told Jim Eyre style. Shag Cliff and Smuggler’s Hole An area that’s geologically ‘wrong’ for caves, yet one that produced an enjoyable study and a number of new sites. Memories of Other Times Some British and Bahamian humour and history here, as we say goodbye to George, Squeak and Lukewarm. Crypts, Caves & Catacombs Do you know what was made in Peak Cavern? You’re only four questions away from winning a book, plus here’s the solutions and lucky winner of the last Descent Quiz Down and Out in Thailand In a back corner there was a small hole. ‘Can’t be bothered,’ I thought. Then I realised that the steam from my sweat-covered T-shirt was speeding away, horizontally. It was draughting! Cover: An imaginary SRT situation drawn with pastels. Artwork: Mark ‘Gonzo’ Lumley     ");
array_files[185]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent118.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (118)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (118) Descent (118) June 1994 The Land of Dancing Gypsum There was a waterfall, captured inside a shaft of ice. We could duck into the base of the funnel and look through tumbling icy waters, up perfectly fluted blue walls to the sky above. This was caving in Arctic Russia. BCRC Incidents The caving rescues of 1993. The Search for Long’s Lake After ten days of digging on a shift system, at last the breakthrough. Then, the discovery of a large, underground lake, its existence now lost to time. What is the truth about Long’s secret in Stump Cross, which went with him to his grave? A Tribute to Ian and Sheck Ian Rolland and Sheck Exley died in separate incidents while cave diving in Mexico. Here are some of the tributes paid to them by their fellow cavers. Crypts, Caves and Catacombs There’s six copies of an excellent book to be won, as well as an oversuit. Yes, it’s quiz time again! Cover: The Vesuvius area of Lechuguilla Cave, USA. Photo: Peter and Ann Bosted     ");
array_files[186]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent117.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (117)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (117) Descent (117) April 1994 Under Greenhow Len Cook’s forsaken his camera for a pencil, and continues his tale of early caving with surveying in Stump Cross Caverns. Dragons in Japan When a group of four British cave divers followed in the footsteps of a Japanese team of 6 divers and 15 sherpas, how well did they fare? The Last Straw A horribly familiar sound, like a small glass ornament falling from the mantelpiece. ‘Someone just broke a straw!’ I cry in disbelief. A Minor Mendip Centenary One hundred years ago Thomas Willcox carved his initials into a stal bank in Lamb Leer. Could this help determine the rate of stalagmite growth? The Descent Caving Quiz Ten questions to contort your brain in a search for a single word. Are you up to it? There’s a Dragon oversuit as a prize if you are. Underground Literature Caving fiction can portray caves far from reality, or be extremely accurate. Read a good book lately? Cover: Janice McLauchlan in M16, Migovec. Photo: Tony Baker     ");
array_files[187]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent116.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (116)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (116) Descent (116) February 1994 Smoo in Fact & Fiction The Devil, in a rage with the Master of MacKay, flew upwards to crash through the roof. None of this geology nonsense, now – that’s the true reason why there’s a shaft above Smoo’s lake! Pirate Tunnels of Santa Cruz The Galapagos Islands, renowned for the quality of their wildlife, can also be explored underground – with a candle and cotton line! True Carno Grit The latest ‘volunteers’ digging in Carno Adit have made another breakthrough, this time into some squalid cave – and Space Oddity, a fabulous, clean-washed, soaring aven. A Return to Pollaraftara Len Cook’s back in Ireland for more of his caving exploits, 1950s style. A Week in Mammoth Cave Fancy a week in Mammoth Cave? Joe Duxbury did, so he went on a course ... Klondike in Kyrgyzstan The former USSR is a long way to go just to enjoy cabbage soup, let alone a gold mine on a glacier. The Descent Christmas Competitions Baffled by the Christmas Quiz? Cross with the Crossword? And did you win the Caption Competition? Here’s the answers, to put you out of your misery. Cover: A waterfall in Sistema El Chorreadero, Mexico. Photo: Dave Bunnell     ");
array_files[188]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent115.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (115)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (115) Descent (115) December 1993 The Descent Christmas Competitions For those dark nights when you’re not caving, there’s a crossword, a quiz, and your final chance to win the tenth Caption Competition. BCRA Conference ’93 It’s back to Bristol for the first time in 11 years for the annual BCRA Conference, with around 600 cavers enjoying the show. Catch up on news of all the activities in this major report. Bats, Box & an SSSI Bats are protected under British law, as every caver knows. So how should be behave when underground to best safeguard our furry friends? The Pwll-y-Cwm Connection Digging underwater ... ‘Back in the choke frantic dredging of the floor gave another couple of inches of space. Edging forwards, my head went through. Then, suddenly, like a cork out of a bottle, the rest of me followed ... but I couldn’t find a line to the surface!’ Ibbeth’s Upstream Downstream The entrance to Dentdale’s Ibbeth Peril Cave II had been blocked by gravel for 14 years when local cavers decided to dig it out. But, once inside, they forgot to stop until the link with Ibbeth I had been made. Here’s how they did it. Cover: Cave, pitch or pot – the question is where? The cover image this month is itself the base for a competition. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[189]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent114.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (114)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (114) Descent (114) October 1993 Derek Lamebrain A tribute to Derek Ban-y-Gor Wetsuits create too much friction to be worn in this Grade 5 cave. Rescye problems are much worse than the entrance series of that pleasant place, Daren Cilau. So what’s going on down Ban-y-Gor? To Fermanagh by Pantechnicon Len Cook continues his caving, 1950s style, with a Craven PC trip to Ireland and the exploration of Pollaraftara. A Trip to Lava Land It’s off to the USA, where ascenders fetch 410 a pair! Caucasian Caves and a Dormouse Mix a dormouse in a can with a Russian policeman at a station, and you’ve got problems. Fluffies at the Fair The Cavers’ Fair for 1993. The Nature of the Beast Ever wondered why you go caving? So has Iain Barker. Gear Review: Survey & Cavemap Cave surveying software reviewed. Cover: Gavin Newman in Noxon Park Iron Mines, training for an attempt on Cueva del Agua in Spain. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[190]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent113.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (113)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (113) Descent (113) August 1993 Busman’s Holiday A wedged crowbar in a choke, with rope attached ... ‘If this worked the result was going to be very dramatic! We were ensconced in a small alcove, just a little too close to the action for comfort. We pulled and it began. Tons of debris cascaded into the chamber.’ What lay beyond was Busman’s Holiday, a major advance in Daren Cilau. Surveying: the Easy Route? We all use cave surveys, painstakingly drawn by specialists. As computer survey programmes increase in number, what are the pros and cons – do they help, or hinder? Diving Brazil Diving in clear, clean water with huge passages at 80m by 30m. Here’s the longest, deepest and best of Brazil. The Abode of the Clouds With two of the three highest recorded rainfall regions in the world, Meghalaya’s limestone ought to be worth a look. A team of four thought so, and came back with the record for India’s longest cave. The Exploration of Coniston Coniston Copper Mine is slowly revealing its secrets. But how do you react when you find a slowly leaking, wooden plug beneath a huge lake? Cover: A traverse in Cueva de la Lugana, Peru. Photo: Jerry Wooldridge     ");
array_files[191]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent112.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (112)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (112) Descent (112) June 1993 A Rescue in Mud ‘As the slime gave way, I slid down, metamorphosing into a rapidly growing human mudball ...’ How did organisers and cavers fare in a major mine rescue practice? Moving Pictures Get out the Tilley searchlight, it’s time for underground cine – 1950s style. Oh No, Not More Cynnes! Ogof Cynnes is notorious for mud – and now someone’s been silly enough to find some more! BCRC Incident Report All the rescues of 1992 Thin End of the Wedge What will be the outcome of legal proposals to restrict the activities of a caving club and cavers in South Wales? The developing situation could affect all cavers throughout Britain. Cover: Jane Mitchell in Llygad Llwchwr. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[192]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent111.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (111)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (111) Descent (111) April 1993 To Cross a Red Lake In September 1992 the China Caves Project turned its attention to Xingwen County in southern Sichuan, an area recced the previous year. Two massive dolines with huge fossil entrances were found, plus a major rising and a showcave with a car park for twenty coaches in its entrance. Pam Fogg reports the outcome of this latest Chinese expedition. As Luck Would Have It Following a short dig, the discovery of a new cave in South Wales has been announced over a year after it was first entered. Toby Stewart tells of the discovery of Ogof Nant Rhin, which bears some rather ominous alternative names (Cave of the Cold Stream, Cave of the Hidden Stream, Ghastly Entrance Cave ...). The Blight of the Bumble Bee There’s more discoveries with a breakthrough in Cardno Adit’s Last Stand Choke. The Reopening of Pen Park Hole Pen Park Hole near Bristol – a cave with a long history – has been reopened. The Descent Caption Competition It’s time for a new competition to begin, with a Warmbac wetsuit on offer as a prize. Viewpoint: The Porth Phenomenon An article concerning the fatalities that have occurred at Port yr Ogof since 1957 appeared in Descent (109). Suggestions concerning the best course of action to avoid future problems have since appeared, including several letters and reports. Here, Viewpoint includes two such letters by Jim Eyre and Tony Knibbs, which look at the subject in rather different ways. Gear Review: Autohelm Compass and Apex 17 lights A caver review of two products, one aimed at the caving market and the other for use on yachts! On the Ho Chi Minh Trail Tony Jarratt’s been off to Vietnam and returned with tales of exploration and local telly coverage. Cover: Abseiling in Flood Entrance Pot, Gaping Gill. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[193]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent110.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (110)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (110) Descent (110) February 1993 Nidderdale Nights Len Cook continues his series of articles on northern caving in the post-war years with this story of activities in Nidderdale. The Lost River of Kinvarra Kinvarra is a small village on Galway Bay, and the centre of a richly attractive system waiting to be explored by divers. Martyn Farr reports. The Caves of Thunder Breathtaking exploration in the Baliem River sink in Irian Jaya. A Return to Cuetzalan In late December 1991 a British team flew to Mexico to meet with local cavers to explore the caves of Cuetzalan. As original surveys had been lost, they intended to resurvey the 22km long Sistema Cuetzalan system, which consists of several linked caves. The story of the final day’s caving is here told by Bob North. Care and Maintenance of Caving Ropes Dave Elliot covers what we should all be doing to care for that most precious commodity: the rope that our lives are suspended by. The Descent Caption Competition The results of the current competition – read and giggle! – and you can also find the answers to our Christmas crossword puzzle. Cover: Gavin Newman in Illu River Cave, Irian Jaya, using helmet radios and a modified tripod bolted to the river passage wall. Photo: Kev Senior     ");
array_files[194]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent109.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (109)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (109) Descent (109) December 1992 Flashpowder and Flaming Tripods Having begun the story of his involvement with Yorkshire caving and the Craven PC in Descent (108), Len Cook continues with the story of his caving and photography in the late 1940s and ’50s. The Porth Fatalities With inquests into recent fatalities in Porth yr Ogof’s notorious resurgence pool, rumours about concerning how many deaths have occurred there. Chris Howes investigates the facts behind the stories, backed by a new underwater survey of the pool. BCRA Conference ’92 We report in full on the 1992 Hidden Earth Conference held in Bradford. The Lost Cave of Axbridge Until the 1920s the hills above Axbridge were extensively mined for ochre. Following the Second World War disused workings lay dotted about the hillside, overgrown and merging with the greenery of Mendip. The miners were now old and their memories had faded, but all agreed: beneath Axbridge Hill lay a large cave. Has this been rediscovered? Cover: Main Chamber, Gaping Gill, in 1951. Photo: Len Cook     ");
array_files[195]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent108.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (108)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (108) Descent (108) October 1992 Back from the Brink With the close of Rescon ’92, Charles Bailey offers this topical piece of fiction. Under Ingleborough In the years following the Second World War, British caving underwent a resurge of popularity. One activity was to become an annual event, the winch meet at Gaping Gill, enabling easy access to the bottom of the 365ft shaft. It was such an occasion in 1947 that introduced Len Cook to caving and, ultimately, the production of some of the finest caving pictures (and some of the earliest in colour) taken at that time. In this first of a series of articles concerning his involvement in those early years of British caving, Len tells of his introduction to Yorkshire exploration. Down Under, Down Under Alison Matthews comments on a visit to Coober Pedy in Australia, where opal mines are a fact of life. An Aggtelek Visit Caving activities by outdoor centres are usually perceived as being trips with beginners to over-visited caves. However, some centres travel further afield; Dave Ludlam and Paul Edmunds take up the story of a trip to the karst of Hungary. The Thrupe Connection After years of possibilities, there’s now a new drop on Mendip: Atlas Pot in Thrupe Lane Swallet is open for visitors. Swallow Holes and Mine Drainage The Forest of Dean is renowned for its iron mines and the recently discovered Slaughter Stream System, and has rightly been attracting a lot of interest in the search for more caves. Here, Chris Bowen investigates the surface channels constructed to prevent water draining into the mines, and suggests that cave systems were deliberately sealed for this reason. The Descent Caption Competition There’s a new prize on offer for the best captions for the latest engraving: a Daleswear oversuit. A Gathering of Cavers The months of July and August saw more than just torrential downpours – there were also two, well-organised events aimed at giving cavers practical experience of techniques. The first, a Cavers’ Fair, was a new venture in Britain, while the second was Rescon ’92, an international conference on rescue. Cover: Neil Pacey in the White River Series extensions, Peak Cavern. Photos: Giles Barker     ");
array_files[196]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent107.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (107)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (107) Descent (107) August 1992 Gear Review: WODI There’s a new protective container on the market. Pushing Dan yr Ogof During the past two years there has been an upsurge of interest in the Dan yr Ogof system, with several cavers pushing new leads and tying up loose ends. This has resulted in the further exploration of Mazeways, Corbel’s Chamber and the Battle of Britain Series. Brian Murlis takes up the story. An Appreciation of Eli Simpson In his interview in Descent (92) to (96), Bob Leakey made several references to Eli Simpson, a man who gave his name to Simpson’s Pot in Kingsdale and had far-reaching influences on our caving history. Here is an appreciation of the life and times of this pioneer caver. Prid’s Sonic Survey Mapping underwater passages with accuracy? At Pridhamsleigh Cavern, that’s exactly what is being done – using an electronic measuring device. New Base for Pennine Training Cavern training has a long and chequered history, from the long-gone Whernside Manor to specialist courses. Here is an appraisal of just one: Pennine Training based in the Peak District. The Descent Caption Competition Check here for the latest laughs as we present the results from the Descent Caption Competition. Below Belize Expeditions are not always plain sailing and don’t always offer easy caving – as Mark Sims found out when he ventured to Belize. Cover: Neil Weymouth at the Mini Columns, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Photo: Tony Baker     ");
array_files[197]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent106.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (106)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (106) Descent (106) June 1992 Lucky Escape: The Sleets Gill Rescue In early March, the media was full of stories about two rescued cavers from Sleets Gill Cave – both had been discovered alive, despite the fact that the system was known to flood to the roof. The audacious rescue relied on diving both out; this is their story. Background to BCRA Paul Hatherley investigates BCRA’s position in the context of the history of the NCA. BCRA Incident Report The incidents of 1991. Midsummer Night With the height of summer comes a ghostly caving story. Gear Review: Brock Helmet and Warmbac Seat Cover A new caver-designed helmet is on the market, as is a seat cover to keep car upholstery separate from your muddy oversuit. The Blaen Onneu Digging Machine The northern extremities of Blaen Onneu Quarry Pot have repulsed hammer and bang alike, but what of the southern passages? Cover: Steve Jones in Hagg Gill Pot. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[198]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent105.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (105)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (105) Descent (105) April 1992 Open Season Leads to The Precious Years Carno Adit in South Wales has barely been out of the news for several issues of Descent, and this one is no exception. During a hectic three-week period at the start of the year approximately 4.5km of new passage was discovered at the end of Southern Discomfort. Here is the latest news in the search for the Llangynidr Master Cave. The Descent Caption Competition Offer the funniest caption and win a Petzl Fractio harness. A Bulgarian Excursion Fewer travel restrictions for Czech cavers has led to their heading for more distant sites. In 1990, two of them travelled to Bulgaria, not only for exploration but to make a film. Gear Review: Warmbac Survival Bag and Sub-Zero Clothing Here’s a new rescue-orientated survival bag and an alternative to the traditional furry undersuit. The Big Dig Day Digging with a mechanical excavator moves from Mendip to the Forest of Dean as Piccadilly Pot is opened. The Iron Man is Dead Memories of one of the hardest of cavers, Ken Pearce. The Mines of Arran Exploration in the barytes and limestone mines of this island in the Firth of Clyde. Cover: Beaded helictites in Silen Splendor, Cave of the Winds, Colorado. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[199]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent104.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (104)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (104) Descent (104) February 1992 The Skulls of Sanctuary Cave diving exploration in Sanctuary Blue Hole on Andros Island in the Bahamas has revealed the remains of Lucayan natives from the time of Columbus. The Descent Caption Competition The results of the latest and funniest caption competition. Caving With Stun-Guns Dave Gill reports on the 1991 China Caves Project expedition to Yunnan province. Poll na gCeim Goes Deep The results of a renewed assault on what is probably Ireland’s deepest cave – with a resulting breakthrough! Balls Green Mines Revisited For the first time in years, two stone mines near Bristol have been entered again. Gear Review: Apex 10 Lamp A caver-designed and made light has reached the market and receives a full test. Under the White Moon A dig on the Black Mountains of South Wales has broken into Ogof Dan-y-Lleuad Wen, a new site to join those of Foel Fraith. Changes to British Caving In 1991 cavers were asked to complete a questionnaire in the post that asked for their opinions on British caving structure. Here are the results of that census. Cover: Admiring a curtain in St Cuthbert’s Swallet. Photo: Peter Glanvill     ");
array_files[200]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent102.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (102)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (102) Descent (102) October 1991 Carno’s Secret Carno Adit has long held the attention of its devotees. Now, this 3km long tunnel – which has been dig since 1982 – has seen a major breakthrough and the discovery of several kilometres of passage. Here is the history of this site in South Wales, along with the exploration excitement. Scrapes, Breaks and Bruises First aid is something we should all be trained in, given the rigours of our sport. How does a PADI Medic First Aid course stack up, given its attention on diving. Gouffre Berger Revisited What’s so special about the Berger anyway? A classic French system, okay. A Mecca for cavers, perhaps. But on this occasion, it was an expedition with Jean Cadoux involved. On a Plateau in Turkestan Jim Birchall continues his survey of the major caving regions of the USSR with an account of a visit to Soviet Central Asia, one of vast caving potential that has seen several British expeditions. Overhang The order book is of paramount importance to every business, and mining companies are no exception. How did a slate mine in Mid Wales overcome the difficulties of overhanging, unstable rock in its struggle for survival? Gear Review: Firefly Slave Unit A commercially available infra-red slave unit for cave photography has at last appeared on the market. A New Caving Structure The past few years have seen many suggestions and much discussion on how British caving’s structure should change. There were limited agreements and some action, but the latest process of actual change has floundered. Some cavers were frustrated enough to convene a private meeting ... The Descent Caption Competition Another prize is up for grabs, with a historical engraving from Mortimer’s Hole. The Africa Series A new extension has been found in Agen Allwedd. Cover: Geoff Crossley in Little River Spring, Florida. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[201]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent103.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (103)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (103) Descent (103) December 1991 Gear Review: Microwriter Agenda and Petzl Grigri Two more products on test: how useful is a hand-held computer on expedition, and how does a new belaying device that can double as a descender fare? BCRA Conference ’91 Our full report on the annual caving conference, this year held in Manchester’s UMIST once again. Doolin – The End In Sight? Martyn Farr has returned to Ireland to again push further into the Green Holes of Doolin. Anxiety, Imagery and SRT How might psychology help a novice overcome fears of SRT? Riposte to the Runs Dr Peter Glanvill reports on how an expedition might cope with the onset of diarrhoea. The King-Keld Connection King Pot and Keld Head in Kingsdale were connected earlier in 1991, drawing together more of the Three Counties System. Geoff Crossley reports on the through-dive, which produced a new world record. The Highest Cave in the British Isles From high on a Scottish hill, Uamh nan Uachdar has taken the record as the highest cave in Britain. Carno’s Second Kilometre Further breakthroughs in Carno Adit have turned what was the original cave into a mere entrance series. DMM Resin Anchors Here is an appraisal – the pros and the cons – of using resin-fixed anchors in caves. The Descent Christmas Quiz Try your hand at a series of caving conundrums over the festive season, with a set of prizes on offer. Cover: Summit Hole, Peru, a tone separation of a black and white original. Photo: Jerry Wooldridge     ");
array_files[202]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent101.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (101)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (101) Descent (101) August 1991 Shooting the White River Descent (100) carried news that a major breakthrough had been made in Peak Cavern, almost at the end of the open season for this showcave. The explorers were left staring up a huge aven, whose deeply fluted walls soared out of sight. Here is what they found at the top! The Swilly Hole Extension Major extensions to Swilly Hole in Cumbria were made in 1990 – now, further work has revealed another series in the form of the NE Rift Series. BCRC Incident Report All the rescue incidents of 1990. Some Northern Stories & Legends That legends are often associated with caves is well known. Here, E. Chris Kenyon tells some of these and covers a few of the ‘strange but true’ facts surrounding underground sites in the north of Britain. Fourteen Years On, Wigmore Swallet ‘Goes’ The dig in Wigmore Swallet has been restarted; the end was merely described as ‘promising’ and unchanged since work began fourteen years previously. Now, there is at last a breakthrough into the unknown. Diving in Drach Mallorca’s Cuevas del Drach is a showcave and tourist magnet, but now British divers have for the first time been granted access to the underground lakes. The Descent Caption Competition One of the all-time classic captions has been submitted and wins the latest caption competition. Cover: Steve Redwood taking scaffolding into Wigmore Swallet. Photo: Peter Bolt     ");
array_files[203]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent100.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (100)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (100) Descent (100) June 1991 Centenary issue with eight extra pages Candlelight in the Philippines Philippine tourist literature refers to part of the island as ‘cave country’. This British expedition found it a rich area indeed. Slaughter Stream Cave: The Forest Grows Descent (99) brought news of a major discovery in the Forest of Dean: Slaughter Stream Cave had rocketed to 4km long. With exploration continuing, here is the geology and hydrology of the area plus a full description of the cave. Pushing the Darkness An interview with Martyn Farr on the even of a new publication from this renowned cave diver and author. Viewpoint: The Euronorm There are new EEC standards of construction requirements coming in, as reported in previous issues. Here, Nick Williams presents his opinions on the forthcoming changes. What’s in a Name? It’s also all change for the UK’s government departments that affect the countryside and, inevitably, our sport of caving. How are the offices altering by name and deed? Caving in the Caucasus Jim Birchall visits the Caucasus, a mountainous area of limestone near the Black Sea with the depth potential of over 2km. Cwm Dwr II In 1938 a cave in Cwm Dwr Quarry at Penwyllt in South Wales was discovered and named Cwm Dwr II. Lost over the years, it was found again in 1990 and successively pushed further. This is how exploration has proceeded. Cave Detection by Air Temperature Variation Where there is a cave entrance, the surrounding vegetation may be affected by the draughts of warm (or cold) air – and thus the flora can point to a new dig site where nothing is evident to the eye. A Comedy of Errors Or how a simple three-man SRT trip to the bottom of Alum Pot can take five hours. Cover: A caver on ladder, the original cover illustration from Descent (1) and Grant Brennan in Cyclops Pot, Tasmania. Photo: David Stuckey     ");
array_files[204]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent099.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (99)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (99) Descent (99) April 1991 Blaen Hepste Resurgence It’s another South Wales cave diving breakthrough. Underground Bivouacs Dave Elliot covers the essentials and more if you are planning to camp underground. Closing the Gap The gap between Daren Cilau and Agen Allwedd is narrowing and one step closer to a link. The Dark Star Continuing cave exploration in Uzbekistan, by Paz Vale. Mendip Wednesday Nighters Digging on a Wednesday night has become a traditional occupation before heading for the pub – here is a round-up of ongoing work on Mendip. Rigging at Rebelays Mark Dougherty suggests yet another rigging method for rebelays, as discussed in previous editions of Descent. Cover: Straw stalactite with secondary crystal growth, Whisker Cave, South Wales. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[205]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent097.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (97)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (97) Descent (97) December 1990 BCRA Conference ’90 A full report on the annual conference, this year held in Manchester once again. Helpline: Chillagoe and More Asking for help with problems at Chillagoe in Australia, knots, pollution and Czech caves and caving. Tolantongo. A Thermal Epic As an advance team for the Black Holes expedition to Mexico, Tim Allen and Bob North found time to do some caving on their own. The Skullcap Saga Peter Glanvill writes of digs and discoveries near Chudleigh in Devon. Mallorca in a Package As a package holiday destination, Mallorca has much to offer says Owen Clarke. Cover: Ian Rolland at the Icing on the Cake, Daren Cilau. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[206]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent098.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (98)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (98) Descent (98) February 1991 Port-a-Cave Constructing an artificial, moveable cave for a local caving display. The Hungrey Spéléo-Plongeur in the Jura Clive Westlake covers some of his favourite French caves. Shock Absorbing Knots Al Warild, in light of previous comments in Descent concerning knots at belays, offers his thoughts to add to the discussion. Keld Head and the East Kingsdale Branch Cave diving exploration in Kingsdale Master Cave’s downstream sump. Dig, Dig, Dig and Thou Shalt Succeed There’s been a breakthrough in Blaen Onneu Quarry. The Cae Coch Bogey Deep in a mine, there lies a big bogey. Or snotalite if you wish. Or even snottite! The Disovery of Twll Dychrynllyd Heading though a dig in the Hepste Valley of South Wales. First Aid Kits Peter Glanvill offers a few thoughts on the composition of first aid kits. Taking Cave Conservation into the 21st Century The threats to our caves: a joint NCC and NCA initiative. Giant Caves and the KGB Jim Birchall is back in the USSR, with tales of giant gypsum caves, Nazis and Jewish refugees, tinned seaweed and lost luggage. Cover: Alan Walker in Lancaster Holes Main Drain. Photo: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[207]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent095.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (95)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (95) Descent (95) August 1990 A Safer Way to Rig Rebelays Andy Sparrow details better methods of rigging. The Exploration of Ogof Cwbl Hardd Westminster SG has been pushing a new cave in the Little Neath Valley. Gear Review: Motor Marine II How does a waterproof camera fare for use underground? What a Heid Banger Alan L. Jeffreys takes a look at the discovery of Toll Fear a’Chradh Chinn (Heidbanger Hole to the rest of us). The Cheddar Push 1990 Cave diving exploration in Gough’s Cave. Helpline: Certified Cavers Another question answered, this time concerned with what happened to the certification scheme. British Caving The structure of a future national body for caving. Explosives: A Change in the Law A new set of regulations has been proposed that will increase security of explosives and limit their use. The Descent Caption Competition Another winning caption and prize. Cover: Peter Glanvill in Arete Chamber, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[208]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent096.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (96)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (96) Descent (96) October 1990 High Trikora Kev Senior has returned from an expedition to the equatorial alpine karst of Irian Jaya. Viewpoint: Explosives and the Caver Nick Williams, in a follow-up to last issue’s report on explosives regulations, adds his thoughts and misgivings. The Hole Story Iain Barker takes a close look at Eldon Hole and what might lie beyond the main chamber. Reyfad Pot Reyfad: Ireland’s deepest and perhaps longest cave. John Kelly looks at the survey and hydrology. The Leakey Tapes The fourth and final part of an interview with Robert Leakey, in which he remembers some early cave rescues. Gear Review Bombpruf and Tufftex tackle bags and gear bags on test. A Cautionary Tale John Beck reports what happens if you catch Weil’s disease. Take care down there! Movements Under Llangattock The design and manufacture of a new style ladder for use in Daren Cilau. Helpline: SRT Ropes How best to store them; how long to keep them. Cover: Roo Walters on the First Pitch, Gua Aleya, Irian Jaya. Photo: Kev Senior     ");
array_files[209]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent093.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (93)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (93) Descent (93) April 1990 Gear Review: Goon Suits and the Polysuit One was genuine, but beware the other! The Leakey Tapes Part two of an interview with Robert Leakey, in which he remembers the exploration of Mossdale Caverns. Rope Jam in Chest-Mounted Croll Ascender An NCA Equipment Committee report. Rescue from Daren Cilau Not an actual rescue – but how might such an event be dealt with. Here is a report on a one-day symposium on the subject. Black Mountain Exploration Caving access to a vast tract of land might be heading for closure, given potential restrictions controlled by the national park. This could be your area. Caving in the Shadow of Perestroika Following successful expeditions to the USSR and Pamirs, excellent relationship have been built between cavers of all countries involved. Probing the Secrets Behind Malham Cove John Cordingley brings us up to date with diving exploration behind the risings. Cover: Steve Foster on Serendipity Pitch, Link Pot. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[210]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent094.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (94)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (94) Descent (94) June 1990 Rubber Ducks Underground Methods of underground communications. Sardinia: Island of Caves In 1989, members of Shepton Mallet CC celebrated the club’s 40th anniversary with an expedition to Sardinia. The Discovery of Ogof Nant Hyfryd Colin Smith covers how a new cave was found and explored in the face of an old Welsh quarry. The Barons’ Cave Project The Barons’ Cave in Reigate has a chequered history. Don’t Worry – It Won’t Last Long Aiming a rescue practice at Daren Cilau might not be considered the easiest of things to take part in! The Leakey Tapes Part three of an interview with Robert Leakey, in which he remembers his early free-dives that led to major discoveries. Deviations & Rebelays Shane Lucas looks at the pros and cons. The Incidents of 1989 BCRC’s full incident report. Insurance. Take a Look at Your Policy The history of caving insurance schemes and what quality of cover is now available. Cover: Malcolm Stewart diving in Porth yr Ogof. Photo: Peter Bolt     ");
array_files[211]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent091.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (91)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (91) Descent (91) December 1989 The Congress Experience Caving at the 10th International Congress of Speleology in Hungary. The Imminent Loss of Pant-y-Llyn Gus Horsley reports on the quarrying risk to the caves of West Wales. Radon Survey on Mendip A number of reports on radon in caves have appeared in print, though they have represented only a few locations and been expensive to produce meaningful results. From Mendip, Cuckoo Cleeves has seen an independent study. Gear Review: Diving Light New diving lights from Underwater Kinetics. Derbyshire Drought The low water conditions of the summer of 1989 produced ideal conditions for exploration, particularly in P8. L.U.M.P.S. Just how did LUMPS obtain its name? Cover: Alan Walker in Lancaster Holes Main Drain. Photo: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[212]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent092.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (92)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (92) Descent (92) February 1990 Finding the Body in Body Pot Alan L. Jeffreys writes about the mystery body found in Trow Gill. Two Austrian Rescues Cambridge UCC was on expedition in the Totes Gebirge in the summer of 1989. They found several kilometres of passage, but also suffered two rescue incidents. The Leakey Tapes Part one of an interview with Robert Leakey, a hard caver and explorer from the 1950s. Mine Exploration for the People The birth of Silvermines Heritage Ltd in Ireland. Latest Equipment on Display Rob Palmer has been to the Harrogate show to learn what kit is coming our way. Gear Review: Warmbac Hood A test of the new hood-attached-vest from Warmbac. Grafting at the Grove The Grove Cliff Caves of Portland. The Descent Caption Competition Who won this second competition – and how funny is the winning a caption? Cover: The White Copany in Epocalypse Way, Daren Cilau. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[213]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent089.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (89)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (89) Descent (89) August 1989 Pannikin Plain Rob Palmer covers an expedition to dive the long, shallow caves of the Nullarbor Plain, Australian Gear Review: Dentanurse The first aid kit for teeth. A Meeting at Gaping Gill Meeting a group preparing to descend Lateral Shaft, but which appears to be woefully unprepared, can (or should) you do anything about it? A Cup of Turkish Tea The concluding part of an article on Taurus 88, a recce trip to Turkey. No Major Extensions Since Last Saturday It’s into the Living Dead extensions of Penyghent Pot. The nightmare never ends ... Rates and Caving Cottages With changing rules affecting rateable values of all dwelling places, caving clubs are being affected by the new community charge. The Incidents of 1988 All the cave rescues of the year. Viewpoint Angles on pollution and the ultimate form of conservation: cave closure. Helpline: Singing in the Drain Help is needed to collect caving songs together – with an excellent offering in the form of ‘The Muddy Duckling’. Cover: Gary Nevitt at the waterfall, Piccadilly, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Photo: Tony Baker     ");
array_files[214]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent090.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (90)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (90) Descent (90) October 1989 The Descent Caption Competition The results of the first caption competition: who won with what funny phrase? Swildon’s Hole A strenuous addition has been made to available routes: the Figure of Nine. BCRA Conference 89 A full report on the annual caving conference, this year held in Manchester. Cave Rescue Conference 1989 A rescue weekend in Wharfedale. Russian Calling ... Jim Birchall and Paz Vale cover the potential inherent in Uzbekistan. Helpline: Privatised Access With water privatisation coming our way, will this affect access? A Polish Visit: East Meets West An exchange visit with Polish cavers, with an emphasis on how they got on in the UK. Cover: Rob Wallis on Pit 5 at a depth of 580m in Festival Cave, Russia. Photo: Keith Wright     ");
array_files[215]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent088.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (88)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (88) Descent (88) June 1989 Cenotaph: The Elusive Aven Since 1984 a series of probes have been made to discover what lies at the top of Cenotaph Aven in Eastwater Cavern. Here is what was found. 50 Years Pwll Swnd is 50 years old, by Arthur Price. Viewpoint: An Alternative Southern View Alan Dougherty offers his thoughts concerning the CSCC’s policies. Hung, Drawn and Quartered Continuing the theme of solo caving presented in Descent (86), Howard McKee takes on a Grade 5 trip to Hangman’s Hole. China Caves Gavin Newman reports on the most recent China Caves Project expedition to continue exploration in th Pan Yang River Cave System. First Aid for Cavers The fourth part of Dr Peter Glanvill’s series on first aid underground: hypothermia and first-aid kits. Helpline: Speleological Health Hazards What health dangers are envisaged as arising from caving in foul water? Views of Speleomania Sportaventure ’89 was billed as the First International Conference of Adventure Sports. Held in Belgium, what did if offer British cavers? Cover:A giant gour in Cuei Feng Dong, China. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[216]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent086.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (86)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (86) Descent (86) February 1989 The Current Structure of British Caving If you have ever been confused by acronyms within the caving world, or wondered where all our organisations dovetail together, this article is for you! Viewpoint: A Commercial Eye to the Future Taking on the points raised by Viewpoint in Descent (85), Nick Poole looks further at the spirit of free enterprise in caving. Seathwaite Lead Mines An update on a ‘safe’ route through this Borrowdale mine. First Aid for Cavers The second of Dr Peter Glanvill’s series on first aid underground. A Case for Caution Now that the subject of radon is firmly on the caving scene, here are the arguments and implications. Peak Cavern Progress in Far Sump extension, by John Cordingley. Helpline: A Question of Lifelines Which of the conflicting opinions on lifelines is the best to follow? Careful Survey Leads to Cave Connection A resurvey leads to linking Ogof Pasg and Ogof Foel Fawr. Quaking Pot Solo The ultimate caving party size: one! Graham Naylor takes on the descent of Quaking Pot, no easy challenge. Should caving alone be discouraged or supported as a right? Cover: Top of Block Hall, Speedwell Cavern. Photo: Peter Bolt     ");
array_files[217]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent087.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (87)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (87) Descent (87) April 1989 More Finds in Llanelly Quarry Pot Ashley Dickenson reports on the Totem Aven extension. Still Warthogs After All These Years It’s fifteen months since the last major breakthrough in Daren Cilau, so it was well past time for another. Viewpoint: Depressing Attitude to Infilling Depressions Farmers might fill in depressions, but we shouldn’t bit the hand that allows us access. First Aid for Cavers The third part of Dr Peter Glanvill’s series on first aid underground: severe bleeding and fractures. Whose Bodies? In 1947, human remains were found in Trow Gill ... A Cup of Turkish Tea The first part of a report on Taurus 88, a recce trip to Turkey. Exploring Abandoned Mines Health, safety and the law. It’s Dangerous Below 150 Feet Or so says the insurance companies! Descent has been challenging the insurance loading on cavers, with some success. Equipment Review Nitech X-cell and Polaris flashlights, and Hotgel. Does Limestone Quarry Restoration Represent a Threat to Caves? What happens to old quarries – is restoration blasting useful or merely further damage? Cover: Jodie & Craigs Secret Playground, Ogof Capel. Photo: Peter Bolt     ");
array_files[218]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent085.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (85)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (85) Descent (85) December 1988 Radon. The Case for Caving It’s the beginning of radon studies with the realisation of how this gas can build up in caves. Viewpoint: The CSCC Are we seeing a change towards caving as a lucrative venture? Soft Rocks and Hard Mud After two years of digging, there’s a breakthrough in Llanelly Quarry Pot. First Aid for Cavers Dr Peter Glanvill opens a series on first aid underground. The Discovery of Pwll Pindar Another cave has been found in South Wales due to the combined efforts of Westminster SG members. Peak Cavern Further exploration takes place in Stemple Highway. Kirk Bank Cave Malcolm Bass writes about the Enterprise Extensions. Helpline: Making Slaves for Cavers Circuit diagrams to build slave units for cave photography. Cover: Malcolm Herbert on the traverses, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Photo: Tony Baker     ");
array_files[219]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent084.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (84)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (84) Descent (84) October 1988 Ogof Ffynnon Taf Lesser Garth Cave and Ogof Ffynnon Taf in South Wales are under threat from quarrying. The Discovery and Loss of Ogof Cil yr Ychen Another cave threatened by quarrying, Ogof Cil yr Ychen near Llandybie in West Wales. The Descent Survey In 1987 Descent sent out a questionnaire asking cavers all manner of things on how to improve Descent and British caving. Here are the results. BCRA Conference ’88 This year held in Manchester, cavers enjoyed a varied fare at the annual caving conference. Bats Underground Bats: their conservation and the law. Lamb Leer in the Seventeenth Century Peter Johnson again takes us into the past, this time in Lamb Leer on Mendip. Cover: The first pitch in Rhino Rift, Mendip. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[220]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent082.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (82)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (82) Descent (82) June 1988 The Blossoming of the Project The story of the China Caves Project as an introduction to this edition’s theme. Guizhou Province Exploration of the awesome Fala River, as told by Roo Walters. Mashan Base Pushing beyond the Jin Lun Dong showcave. Cave Diving Geoff Crossley covers the diving projects in Guangxi. The Bama Cave Ben Lyon reports on the huge potential of a caver that stunned even those cavers who had been to Mulu. Down Amongst the Black Stuff The graphite mines of Borrowdale. Walditch Cave The existence of Walditch Cave was known to locals at Bridport, but not to cavers. The First Descents of Eldon Hole Speleohistory from Peter Johnson. Cover: Main Stream Passage, Lancaster Hole. Photo: Malcolm Halsey     ");
array_files[221]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent083.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (83)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (83) Descent (83) August 1988 Injured Caver Alan L. Jeffreys contemplates the fate of an injured caver (himself!) in the aptly named Fall Pot. Ogof Igam-Ogam Cave diving exploration breaks into new passage in South Wales. The Caves at Bottor Rocks Chris Proctor has been investigating little-known caves on the border of Dartmoor. Eastwater Peter Bolt’s news update and photo series from Eastwater Cavern. The True Story of Chilchotla ’87 Naming a cave entrance as the ‘world’s deepest cave’ was perhaps presumptuous ... Hermits Cave An appraisal of a short cave in Gloucester. The NCA Column Training and leadership certification. Cave Rescue Report The annual incident report from BCRC. Cheddar Caves ’88 A resume of the action in Gough’s Cave. Cover: Hugh Penny in Ogof Igam Ogam. Photo: Peter Bolt     ");
array_files[222]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent080.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (80)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (80) Descent (80) February 1988 When the Rainbow Sprang from Harrogate A round-up of the new gear on offer for 1988. Desperate for Deep? If you don’t have a local cave, try something man-made: a well. Low-Tide Caving Brings Results at Berry Head Exploration in the submarine caves of Hopes Nose on the south coast of England. Sanctuary is a Lonely Place The Blue Holes of the Bahamas call to cave divers for the 1987 Andros Project. Six Good Days at Agua Colorada An underground camp yields yet more discoveries in Daren Cilau. Breaking Hallowed Ground in the ‘Cavers Saint’ Quest Who is the patron saint of cavers? It’s part of a university entrance test, and the answer is hardly straightforward. Friday the Thirteenth – and a Flash Flood Hits Hard The concluding part of coverage of the Muller 82 expedition to Papua New Guinea. Sounding the Dive Prospects on Majorca Coast Investigating the diving potential of Mallorcan caves. Cover: North Passage in Stargate Blue Hole, Bahamas. Photo: Bill Stone     ");
array_files[223]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent081.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (81)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (81) Descent (81) April 1988 The Caving Treasures Locked Within the Black Mountains Liam Kealey takes a tour across this western part of the South Wales limestones, drawing in some of the known and lesser known caves. Digging Through Maytime A full account of the breakthrough into Maytime in Agen Allwedd. Cavecraft A closer look at how we learn to cave. Wharfedale Some caving gems in one of the more ‘neglected’ parts of the Yorkshire Dales. Hardware Scene The FQ100 slave flashgun and the Rando 360 stove. Wakulla Springs Diving at the cutting edge in the clear cave waters of Florida. Thin Leads, Fat Charges ... Punctuate the story of No Business Blowing Cave in Tennessee. Cover: Phil Thomas with the Blue Greenies in Daren Cilau. Photo: Peter Bolt     ");
array_files[224]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent079.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (79)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (79) Descent (79) December 1987 Up Jacob’s Ladder to Agua Colorada The second part of the story of how Daren Cilau is being extended ever further. BCRA Caving Conference A varied menu is on offer – thought nothing is served up on Bar Pot. Under the Andes With Paddington Triangle. With that cryptic subtitle, it’s off to Peru with Ian Rolland. Knitting Together the Fabric of the Mexican Giant Exploration continues in Sistema Huautla. Fine Caving in Portugal for Cerberus Moroccan Expedition After two days held up in a car part waiting for the ferry to Morocco, it seems that Portugal is a better bet. Cover: Helen Richardson in Pi Chamber, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[225]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent078.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (78)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (78) Descent (78) October 1987 Ogof Capel How a fresh approach led to the breakthrough and gained well decorated passage beyond the sump. Gouffre Berger Cavers remain baffled by the disappearance of Alex Pitcher. The Man Whose Pen Spelled the Magic of Caving The death of Norbert Casteret has left a void: Peter Johnson looks at the man’s life and works. Classic Caving Another classic caving trip, this time to Juniper Gulf. The Majesty and Challenge of the Muller Range Part one of coverage of the Muller 82 expedition to Papua New Guinea. Electronics for Caving The next in the series – constant current circuits. Cover: Abseiling in Algar da Agua in Portugal. Photo: Tony Baker     ");
array_files[226]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent077.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (77)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (77) Descent (77) August 1987 How Nita Nanta was Linked with San Agustin Instead of the Mexican caving news being dominated by vertical caving, it’s time for the cave divers to show their worth. Uproar in Yorkshire Plans for fit Bar Pot with scaffolding for tourists to use meets with some understandable opposition. Pwll-y-Rhyd Extensions Nearly a quarter of a mile has been added to the caves of the Little Neath valley. Keeping Your Cool in Winter Alpine Caving Caving in the wintery caves of the Haute Savoir region of France. Bulmer Cavern Taken to 7.5 Miles New Zealand Christmas expeditions yield excellent results. Interview: Ramon Espinasa Ramon Espinasa will be well known to visitors to Mexico: here is his caving story. Electronics for Cavers This time, the series turns to constant voltage circuits for chargers. Cover: Straws in a tunnel beneath industrial wasteland in South Wales. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[227]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent075.html","2012-01-31","9K","Descent (75)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (75) Descent (75) April 1987 Daren Cilau An epic 21 hours yields another extension: Saturday Night at the Movies. The Gothic Passage Discoveries Some 25 years ago an insignificant passage in Agen Allwedd was noted, then forgotten. Then someone noticed it again ... The Hardware Scene Computer-checking your caving lamp’s life. Gaping Ghyll After the Rat Hole, the Mousehole. Rigging for SRT The basic principles, by Dave Elliot. Electronics for Caving Part two of the series: bulbs and things. Cover: Paul Taylor in the Ogof Ffynnon Ddu streamway. Photo: Tony Baker     ");
array_files[228]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent076.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (76)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (76) Descent (76) June 1987 Hell of High Water The Green Holes expedition makes further discoveries. UK Recce Team Reports Exciting Prospects in Zojgolica In Mexico, Nita Nanta and Sótano de San Agustin have been linked. Nine Days Underground In search of the missing links beneath Llangattock mountain. The Eldon Hill Quarry Enquiry How collaboration won the day. Casterton Fell Access It’s time for cavers to make a stand, writes Alan Jeffreys. Electronics for Cavers Part three of the series covers chargers. Pow-Wow for British CROs The AGM of the British Cave Rescue Council. Underground in Appin There’s plenty going on in this region of Scotland. The Hardware Scene Pelican Mitylite, Warmbac wetsuit, Manta demand valve, hotpack, elbow pads ... Cover: Cath Jones in Prods Pot, Co. Fermanagh. Photo: Tony Baker     ");
array_files[229]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent074.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (74)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (74) Descent (74) January 1987 Benjamin’s Blue Hole Prime Objective for Andros Project Rob Palmer reports on the continuing series of expeditions to the Blue Holes of the Bahamas. Mini-Recce Finds Promise of Mega-System A lightweight British expedition to China returns triumphant. Expedition ’86: Conjurtao Oxford UCC avers bottom Sistema Conjurtao in the Spanish Picos. How Cavers can Cut the Criminal’s Income With more thefts occurring from cavers’ untended kit, we need to act in our own best interests. Yorkshire’s Pioneer Caver John Birkbeck is inextricably linked with Gaping Gill – who was the man? UK Team Explores 25 Tonga Caves Ben Gunn and Deej Lowe report on the expeditions finds made in Tonga. Electronics for Caving The first part in a series: types of batteries. The NCA Column The NCA reports on explosives and legal access. Cover: Hugh Rice in the Punchbowl, South Wales. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[230]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent073.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (73)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (73) Descent (73) November 1986 White Scar Cave ULSA is still pushing their Wet Dream Extensions. ULSA’s Major Find in Penyghent The Friday the Thirteenth Series extensions are hardly attractive! The Isca Silurum Tunnels Divers pushing the Green Holes of Doolin have entered a half-kilometre system. Army Expedition to Java ’86 Clearing miles of red tape leads to thirteen miles of passage. Christmas Goes Before Easter Christmas Swallet in Derbyshire sees a breakthrough. A Question of Responsibility The onset of an ‘adventure challenge’ that will use caves as a challenge to competitors is raising concern. The Finding and Losing of a Rare Cotswold Cave Andrew Ward looks at what happened to Beechtree Swallet. ‘British Caving Association’ – the Way Forward for UK Cavers? Richard Bartrop considers what he thinks the new national body structure should be. Cover: Diving in Cocklebiddy, Australia. Photo: Francis le Guen     ");
array_files[231]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent072.html","2012-01-31","9K","Descent (72)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (72) Descent (72) September 1986 Gough’s Cave A dry route has been found into Lloyd Hall. Through Llangattock Mountain Britain’s longest and deepest through-trip has been completed, linking Daren Cilau with the Clydach Gorge. The Clydach Project Digging open the rubble-blocked shaft in the bed of the Clydach river. Life at the Hard Rock Cafe Yet more extensions to Daren Cilau following the Hard Rock Cafe Dig. Chilchotla ’85 Exciting deep finds for an expedition to a new Mexican area. Cover: Martyn Farr surfacing in Elm Hole after the connection with Daren Cilau. Photo: Stewart Baggs     ");
array_files[232]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent071.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (71)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (71) Descent (71) July 1986 SSSIs: Caves Close as Mendip Reaps Bitter Harvest As scheduled areas are increased, caving pays the landowners’ price. Fairy Cave Quarry The future is unresolved for the Mendip quarry caves. If you Hate it, F20’s Probably Got It Steve Roberts writes of his love affair with the caves of the Spanish Picos. Descent Interview: Julia James The story of a caving yuppie ... The Hardware Scene How to love and care for your Oldhams G-type headset. Siebenhengste The Swiss cave that joins two mountains. The First Descent of Alum Pot Peter Johnson covers the speleohistory of Alum Pot. The NCA Column The NCA reports on cave leadership certificates. Cover: Mike Starr in the Gouffre de la Bauma, French Jura. Photo: Pete Spink     ");
array_files[233]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent069.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (69)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (69) Descent (69) March 1986 Ogof Capel Is this South Wales cave the lock and key to Mynydd Llangattwg? Cambridge in Austria Another Cambridge UCC trip to the Totes Gebirge has gained a depth of 3,186ft. Six-Year Effort Resolves Greenhorn’s Final Secrets Greenhorn Cave in California is now the world’s deepest known boulder cave system. China Caves Expedition ’85 The trip produces a surprising start with the descent of an ultra-deep shaft. On Location in Spring of Dracos Cave diving exploration in Greece. Rat Hole A superb SRT route into Gaping Gill. The NCA Column The NCA reports back to cavers. Cover: Ian Rolland in Encilio Passage, Daren Cilau. Photo: Colin Boothroyd     ");
array_files[234]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent070.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (70)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (70) Descent (70) May 1986 Ogof Ffynnon Taf A new discovery near Cardiff is already under threat from quarrying. Balliny Expedition takes Poll na gCéimto Ireland’s Third Deepest Brian Judd covers the results of the latest CDG pushes in Co. Clare. Cheddar River Cave Richard Stevenson reports on the discovery of the underground river of Cheddar. Christmas Under Mexico Bob Cork’s view of the thirty-strong expedition which visited the Xlitla Plateau. P5 A long onslaught opens up virgin limestone beneath Clapham Bottoms. Probing into the Karst of Portugal Not every trip is a major expedition – there’s plenty to be done on a caving holiday. Survival How to pull through when the chips are down ... Spectacular Films from the World of Caving A full report on the film festival held in France. Cover: Judith Calford at the Candlewax Formations, Dan yr Ogof. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[235]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent068.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (68)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (68) Descent (68) January 1986 Mexico Update Bill Stone writes about exploration in Mexico, where the link to Nita Nanta still eludes explorers. Touring the Great Karst of Guangxi Province Liz Price takes a tour around the southern Chinese karst. Basic Caving Techniques Part three of the series by Dave Elliot and Dick Lawson: basic knotwork. Daren Cilau Divers push an insignificant passage – and add another mile. Thoughtful Caving Techniques The use of natural belays in SRT. Harrogate The shop window on new gear for 1986. The NCA Column The NCA reports back to cavers on the Whernside Manor affair. Cover: Location and photographer not credited (as discussed in Letters in the following issue)     ");
array_files[236]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent067.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (67)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (67) Descent (67) November 1985 A Two-Day Kaleidoscope of Caving The 1985 BCRA caving conference. Cave Photography Part three of Chris Howes’ series: the creative use of lighting for better results. Fifty Years of British Cave Diving Opening this themed issue, Rob Palmer writes about the development of cave diving. Wookey Hole To the limits in the search for Chamber 26, by Rob Parker. Graham Balcombe An interview with a cave diving pioneer. Oxford Filling-in a ‘Blank Zone’ in Spain Oxford UCC cavers have been busy in the Picos. The NCA Column The NCA reports back to cavers. The Hardware Scene Berger test of the Premier expedition lamp. Cover: Rob Parker in Wookey Hole. Photo: Randal Bohrer     ");
array_files[237]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent066.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (66)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (66) Descent (66) October 1985 Inspired Progress Through the Cave of the Divine Wind Exploration in Ogof Glan Gwenglais. Time Runs Out at 1,475ft and the Cave is Still Going A full report on the Australian expedition to Mexico including pushes in Nita Xonga. Marble Arch Cave A caver’s view of the new Irish showcave. Basic Caving Techniques Part two of a continuing series, this issue covering how to move through a cave without using equipment. Taking the Tube into Black Shiver Pot A classic trip into this Ingleborough cave. Cave Photography The series continues with a look at some of the accessories and adaptations that can prove so useful to the cave photographer. Cover: The Time Machine in Daren Cilau. Photo: Tony White     ");
array_files[238]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent065.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (65)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (65) Descent (65) August 1985 The NCA Column The NCA reports back to cavers. China Caves Expedition ’85 Planning for the first Western caving expedition to head for a land rich in limestone. Basic Caving Techniques Part one of a continuing series covering personal equipment and clothing. Helium for Deep Sump Dives Trimix is the key to the latest Wookey explorations, says Bill Stone. The Ascent of Nettlebed Exploring New Zealand’s premier cave – from the bottom up. The Nare River Expedition After Armageddon, on to more finds in East New Britain. Cave Photography Part one of a series by Chris Howes, opening with equipment basics. Cover: Descending into Peña Colorada, Mexico. Photo: Rob Parker     ");
array_files[239]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent064.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (64)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (64) Descent (64) June 1985 Daren Cilau How Britain’s most spectacular passage was discovered: The Time Machine. The Nare River Expedition Apocalypse Now is passed - but Armageddon marks the end of this stupendous cave in New Britain. The NCA Column The NCA reports back to cavers. Years of Exploration Promised in Co. Antrim Mines With fewer than twenty mines so far examined, the area is rich in discoveries waiting to be made. Peña Colorada With a lightless abseil into a virgin lake, there are plenty of thrills in this trip to the resurgence of the giant Huautla system in Mexico. Probing a Borehole’s Secrets with the Ogofscope When a borehole intersects a cave and you want to find out what’s down there, call in the Ogofscope and an examination in Cwm Dwr Quarry. Just how big is Blob Hall? Cover: The Nare, between Poseidon and Python. Photo: Dave Gill     ");
array_files[240]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent062.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (62)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (62) Descent (62) January 1985 Swan Dike Pot Martin Butterworth reports on Airedale CC’s autumn discovery in Penyghent Gill. The NCA Column The NCA reports back to cavers. Daimler Cave A half-mile cave is discovered in Chapel-le-Dale – by merely lifting a stone slab! Neil Moss – After 25 Years the Lessons Which Were Learned George Cooper writes part one of an important and extended article on the death of Neil Moss in Peak Cavern. Barrows Mussey Barrows Mussey is one of caving’s unsung heroes, being the translator of Casteret’s classic works into English. British Cavers are the Best in the World. Ok? Has the title anything to do with the contents of this article? Perhaps, perhaps not, given our sloppy approach to caving safety. The Hardware Scene Specialist torches, the Lorus watch and water purification. Cover: Crystal Pool, Dan yr Ogof. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[241]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent063.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (63)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (63) Descent (63) March 1985 Daren Cilau A high-level bypass has revealed a further 2.5 miles of passage and many open leads in Daren Cilau. The NCA Column The NCA reports back to cavers. Money for Caving: Will We Miss the Boat Again? Funding for expeditions is falling in relationship to the number of cavers leaving our shores – can anything be done? Cave of the Black Waterfall The discovery and exploration of Ogof Rhaeadr Ddu. Java ’84 Warm water, hot bureaucracy, cool snakes – and a seven-mile-long cave still going! Fantastico Elastico Confused with your SRT rigging? Try Fantastico Elastico. Neil Moss: A Turning Point in British Cave Rescue George Cooper continues his coverage and far-reaching effects of the Neil Moss fatality in Peak Cavern. Cover: Hugh Rice in the streamway near the Confluence, Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[242]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent061.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (61)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (61) Descent (61) November 1984 The NCA Column The NCA reports back to cavers. The Zodiac Project The exploration team dives to the limit of air reserves in the Bahamian Blue Holes. The Route to the Heart of Llangattwg Mountain Clive Gardner offers a full report on the incredible breakthrough in Daren Cilau, with a double-page spread showing all the caves on the mountain. A New Look at Ropewalking For those who have not tried it, this SRT technique is fast and efficient. The Long, the Short – and the Enthralling A full report on this year’s BCRA caving conference. The Call of the Green Holes Cave diving in the coastal caves of Doolin – herein dubbed the Green Holes – looks like a rich region of endeavour that will yield many results. Grim Reminders of War in Caves of a South Sea Paradise Caving in the Palace archipelago of Palau. Going to the Pictures A film festival of note has entertained many – who won the grand prizes? Cover: Steve Ainley at the White Company, Daren Cilau. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[243]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent060.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (60)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (60) Descent (60) September 1984 Joint Hole Cavers have been unravelling the secrets that lie beneath Chapel-le-Dale. Closing in on Llangattock’s Secret River Daren Cilau has seen a major extension of 2.5 miles. Success for Bishop Auckland Club on Whitbarrow Fell Whitbarrow Fell now sports a new cave: Wakebarrow Pot. The Forgotten Cave Ogof Pantllyn in West Wales, an area linked with King Arthur, has received a full examination. Two-Pronged Attack in the Wilderness of Mulu The latest expedition has been rewarded with a stunning 31 miles of new cave passage. Classic Caving: The Gouffre Berger The Classic Caving series turns to France where cavers can follow the course of the Starless River. Cover: The Hall of the Thirteen, Gouffre Berger. Photo: Bali Ballmann     ");
array_files[244]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent058.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (58)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (58) Descent (58) May 1984 Rift Pot Major discovery pays off the digging effort expended to date; it’s another connection in the Three Counties System. Aggy Reveals More Secrets! Martyn Farr reports on how a chance remark led to the discovery of the 1984 Series in Agen Allwedd. Into the Darkness Under the Sun We present an extract from Martyn Farr’s new book, The Great Caving Adventure. Exciting Discoveries by Mulu Teams Andy Eavis supplies a stop press from Sarawak, where the 1984 expedition is making another exploration assault. Solo Caving One man’s addiction to the ultimate commitment, as told by Malcolm Halsey. Cover: Diving in the Blue Holes of the Bahamas. Photo: Martyn Farr     ");
array_files[245]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent059.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (59)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (59) Descent (59) July 1984 Bats of the Llangattwg Sean Heaver reports on the cave bat roosts of Llangattock escarpment in South Wales. Toward the Unknown Region With one report on discoveries in Crag Cave in print, yet more explorers were enticed to try their hand – and a result: another extension! Cave of the Living Dead A flood hits a French team in the Gouffre des Morts-Vivants. Untamed River A British team has opted for a heavyweight assault on the giant Nare river as it sinks in New Britain. Caving in East Africa Peter Holden reports on the state of caving in the subcontinent. Hollow Hills A mountain rescue team takes a first look underground in the Lake District. Great British Limestones How does our limestone geology shape our caves? Cover: Dave Arveschoug bridging in Boss Aven, Giants Hole. Photo: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[246]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent056.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (56)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (56) Descent (56) January 1984 Northern Stream Passage For the first time since the discovery of Maytime in 1974, there has been a major discovery in Agen Allwedd: it amounts to 800m of active streamway and has stared hundreds of cavers in the face for 26 years! Ogof Hesp Alyn Divers open over a mile of passage to establish Ogof Hesp Alyn as the major cave of North Wales. Classic Caving: Otter Hole Another classic caving trip described, complete with survey. How USA set Record in Atlantida Exploration in the Atlandtida Tunnel on Lanzarote. Morocco ’83 A ‘just to make sure’ dive gives Cerburus CC members their main find in Kef Rouadi. Schooling a Head in the Ways of Cwm Dwr If you’re going to risk a career as a teacher, what better way than taking your headmaster caving – and Lionel Fanthorpe is the world’s most prolific science fiction author, to boot. Harrogate It’s down to the improper depths of Yorkshire for a preview of 1984’s prime new gear. Cover: Peter Bolt in Llygad Llwchwr. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[247]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent057.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (57)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (57) Descent (57) March 1984 Smokey Hole Earby PC members have extended Smokey Hole – by pushing the tight bits! East Twin Swallet How South Bristol CC found a back door into Spar Pot on Mendip. A Caver’s Best Friend is his Slave New flashguns with slave units built in provide a useful tool for cave photographers, as tested in Llygad Llwchwr by Chris Howes. Underground in Hitler’s Terror Weapon Cavers have gained access to the V3 chalk tunnels at Mimoyecques in France, where Hitler based his rocket weapon. 1984 Pena Colorada Expedition Can the giant Huautla system be reached from the resurgence? Some extreme climbing and diving could give Mexico the depth record. If You Wait Long Enough it Comes in the End The winning fun shot at the BCRA Conference went to Chris Howes – but if you read this tale of how he put his model through abject misery, you’ll never light a match for the man again! How the Army Caving Association Keeps its Own House in Order Ian James covers the activities of the ACA and how it works with other organisations. Cover: Bob Cross in Dr Bannisters Handbasin, Long Churn Cave. Photo: Chris Howes     ");
array_files[248]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent055.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (55)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (55) Descent (55) November 1983 Eastwater Cavern Another discovery, this time totalling 2,000ft of passage. Crag The temptations of John Gunn lead to a major extension in Co. Kerry’s Crag Cave. Through the Fourth Eye On Hispaniola, a ten-foot crocodile guards the underwater route to The Alcazar. Pipeline Cave A surprise discovery in ‘virgin’ Cumbrian territory. Blue Holes ’83 A British trio of cave divers meet success in unravelling the secrets of Zodiac Caverns in the Bahamas. BU56 The first British team to bottom BU56 in Spain describe their trip. Canada A thirteen-cave extravaganza for the Army Caving Association. Cover: Climbing out of Waterfall Chamber, Waterfall Swallet. Photo: Dave Elliot     ");
array_files[249]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent054.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (54)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (54) Descent (54) August 1983 Wookey – Still Divers’ Mecca Martyn Farr reports on a new record dive to a depth of 200ft in the terminal sump. Wookey Hole: A Passage Forgotten A passage laid unchecked for twelve years but has now yielded a major sump bypass in Wookey Hole. Mexico 82 Vampires, lions, histoplasmosis and killer caterpillars – plus the promise of Veshtucoc. Renold’s Passage Five years of dedication and Dr Nobel’s linctus take Longwood Swallet to the fifth deepest in England. Revenge in Sight! How Oxford UCC cavers set up FU56 in Spain for the big push. The Other Side of the Counter An interview with Caving Supplies proprietor Phil Brown. The Hardware Scene Racks and new batteries on the market. Cover: The drop into Alum Pot. Photo: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[250]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent053.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (53)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (53) Descent (53) January 1983 Little Emphasis on Home Discoveries At the 1982 BCRA Conference in Bristol. Scunthorpe Club Dive Reveals Bogg Hall Cave Bog Hall Cave in Kirkbymoorside has been extended by some 500ft. Life-Saving Hints on Passing SRT Deviations Dick Lawson looks at tips for safety, after learning of some iffy techniques underground. Busy Schedule for Lancashire Team in Yugoslavia And an excellent time was had by all! Blue Holes ’82 A world submarine cave diving record is gained in Conch Blue Hole in the Bahamas. Diving in Greece British cavers have discovered an extra kilometre of passage. The Hardware Scene Simple gear testing. Cover: A keyhole-shaped passage in Town Drain, South Wales. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[251]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent052.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (52)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (52) Descent (52) October 1982 Yorkshire Dales Flash Floods The lessons learned from a wet, wet weekend. Russet Well John Cordingley covers the years of extreme diving in this possible back door to Speedwell Cavern. One Man’s Meat A caver’s thoughts on what takes him underground. Four Recent Jammers Evaluated Dick Lawson investigates from Petzl to Bonaiti and Lewis to Multiscender. Diving la Font Maure Were in the Aude Gorge, seeking the master cave. Top Kit The latest products on the market. A Week of Classic Caving with the Manor Taking a course on caving at Whernside Manor is no mean achievement. Advanced Caving Techniques Dave Elliot presents part four in his series, expanding on his self-help advice. The Hardware Scene Comments on the use of wire rope in SRT. Report on Progress in the East Twin Dig The East Twin dig in Burrington Combe still presses onwards. Cover: Beyond the Canal in Little Neath River Cave. Photo: Gavin Newman     ");
array_files[252]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent051.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (51)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (51) Descent (51) March 1982 Mexico ’82 will be the Year’s Big British Expedition Expedition planning for a trip to the San Cristobal area. UK Team Enjoys Spectacular Diving in Sardinia A cave diving team has met with some success in seeking the sumps of Sardinia. Advanced Caving Techniques Dave Elliot presents part three in his series, turning now to improvised equipment for self help. British Divers Brave ‘Him of de Hahnds’ The exotic but treacherous Blue Holes of the Bahamas are yielding great results for the expedition team. Gruelling Carries Key to Major Welsh Caves Cave diving exploration in Agen Allwedd and Dan yr Ogof. 400 Hours Underground With £2,000 raised for cancer research. Cerberus Lead Fight to Save Two British Treasures Those being the treasures found in Fairy Cave Quarry. Cover: Martyn Farr finning through the entrance to Rat Cay Blue Hole in the Bahamas. Photo: Rob Palmer     ");
array_files[253]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent050.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (50)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (50) Descent (50) September 1981 International Congress Report Even a ‘dry’ campus didn’t dampen this world-wide gathering of cavers in Kentucky! Varied Fare but Little Zest at BCRA Conference Pete Glanvill reports on the lectures and personalities who attended this annual caving conference Derbyshire Cavers Score Success with DCA Congress And there’s been another meeting, this time in Derbyshire! BU56 A French diver has taken BU56 to be the second deepest cave in the world rankings at 4,390ft. Advanced Caving Techniques Dave Elliot continues his series with part two on the cord technique for rigging pitches. The Opening-up of Roaring Hole The results of the NPC dig at Roaring Hole are presented for all to see. Uamh an Claonaite How the Grampian SG patiently pieced together Scotland’s first mile-long system. Cover: Andy Walsh on the last pitch in Roaring Hole. Photo: David Barker     ");
array_files[254]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent049.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (49)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (49) Descent (49) July 1981 Classic Caving: The Greater Easeghyll Traverse In the first part of a new series, here is a description of a classic route through the Ease Gill system. NCA Report The NCA reports back to cavers. Blue Holes set for Challenge Rob Palmer looks at the challenge presented by the flooded marine caves of the Bahamas. The Hardware Scene: Rescue Blankets Is a rescue blanket of any use? Yes, it seems. Pozu del Xitu – Ready and Waiting There is a thousand metres of depth potential awaiting an Oxford team in Spain. Tests Throw New Light on Giant’s Watercourse The results of hydrology experiments in the Castleton area of Derbyshire. Stellerweghöhle Cambridge UCC is in the Totes Gebirge of Austria for the fifth year running and looking at a 1,200ft alternative route in Stellerweghöhle. Cover: John Cordingley preparing to dive Buxton Water Sump, Peak Cavern. Photo: Rob Franklin     ");
array_files[255]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent048.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (48)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (48) Descent (48) March 1981 French Team Achieve New World Record The Gouffre Jean-Bernard has been dropped to 4,773ft and regained the world record. Far Sump Passed in Peak Cavern The divers might have broken through – but t’owd man was there first! Opening Robin’s Shaft Mine Robin’s Shaft Mine in Ilam in the Peak District has been explored and surveyed. BU565 Here is a full report on the French expedition to 3,920ft in BU56. Broad Coverage at Medical Symposium Dr Peter Glanvill reports on a caver-orientated medical meeting. Doubts Dispelled as SE Cavers Patiently Push Chalk Cave And they have reached a quarter mile into the caves of Beachy Head. Oh, Poor Old P8! Jerry Murland wonders whether P8 is destined to be worn away by the troops of novices that visit the system. The Hardware Scene: Survival Packs Are survival ration packs of any use to us, and how long a ladder do we really need? Mulu 80 The team returns with some major finds on record. Cover: The remains of the winding and pumping engine in Sir Francis Mine, Gunnerside. Photo: Mike Smithson     ");
array_files[256]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent047.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (47)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (47) Descent (47) January 1981 Success Crowns Huge Rescue from Southern Stream Passage In a major rescue, Timothy Flannagan regains the surface after over fifty hours in Agen Allwedd. The Hardware Scene: Bayercast Caving applications for a revolutionary splinting technique. Mulu 80 The first field report from Sarawak as the British team begins work. British Divers will Probe the Bahamas’ Blue Holes Preparations begin for a cave diving expedition. Ramadamn! Yes, it’s Cerberus CC versus the locals as British cavers head for Morocco. Cover: The last pitch in Rift Pot. Photo: Clive Westlake     ");
array_files[257]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent045.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (45)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (45) Descent (45) March 1980 Harry Long: 11 Years at UWFRA’s Sharp End Harry Long has impressed everyone with his knowledge and commitment to cave rescue. The Hardware Scene: Viking Speleo Rope Viking Speleo Rope, tips for rack users and a survey of lightweight stoves. Inquest Findings Coverage of the inquest and ensuing recommendations after two cavers are drowned in OFD. The Truth About ‘Slieve Elva Pot’ The problem is, Slieve Elva Pot isn’t Slieve Elva Pot! Whernside Revisited Is the national caving centre at Whernside Manor worth saving or not? The Heritage Cave Scheme Mel Davies presents the concept of heritage caves – those purchased by the caving community and set aside in perpetuity. Cover: Nigel Dibben ascending the Nettle Pot entrance shaft. Photo: W. Chiswell     ");
array_files[258]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent046.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (46)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (46) Descent (46) September 1980 Russians Working to Record Depth The deepest cave in the world might no longer be in France, but in the USSR: enter Snezhnaya Cave. British Connect Ragge Javre Raige with Lower Entrance On a trip to Norway, a significant link is forged. Top Kit: Lightweight Tents A round-up of the tents available on the market. French Successes in New Britain A French team has made significant discoveries and begun work on the Nare river. Mulu 80 A small group of cavers have been investigating the caves of Sarawak and started to record some stunningly impressive sites. Advanced Caving Techniques Dave Elliot opens his series with the cord technique for rigging pitches. Diving in Peak Cavern Far Sump is receiving attention, to good effect. Cover: Paul Deakin working in Peak Cavern streamway. Photo: W. Chiswell     ");
array_files[259]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent044.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (44)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (44) Descent (44) January 1980 Death of Keld Head Diver Oliver ‘Bear’ Statham, he of the Keld Head through-dive, has died. LUSS Expedition Pushes Picos 56 Pot The Spanish cave has been dropped to a depth of 1,615ft. A Caver’s Approach to Sound Transmission Via the Ground The second part of Rollo Gillespie’s article. WVCC Descend New Berger Entrance Worth Valley CC members head for the Gouffre des Elfes in France. Peak Cavern Cave diving updates from the Peak. Cambridge Expedition Bottoms Austria’s Eislufthöhle The Eislufthöhle in the Austrian Totes Gebirge has sumped at the depth of 506m. Cover: The first pitch of Diccan Pot. Photo: Clive Westlake     ");
array_files[260]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent043.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (43)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (43) Descent (43) September 1979 A Caver’s Approach to Sound Transmission Via the Ground How well does sound travel through the ground – and what use the information might be put to. Progress at the Pengelly Cave Studies Centre Work on Pengelly’s centre in Devon is ongoing, as is research in the caves. Cave Exploration in the USSR A resume of work conducted in the USSR: all the facts and figures. Gaping Ghyll Still has that Old Magic! The thrill of a first descent of Gaping Gill’s main shaft. Stereo Photography Underground David Leonard shows us how to shoot stereo photos and contact like-minded photographers. Rescueeing: The New Sport for Maxifame! Bob Leakey is challenging the humour monkeys again! Cave Rescue Organisation: Nursemaid to the Non-Self-Sufficient Caver? Jim Eyre wonders whether having a rescue organisation to hand makes it more likely that we take chances. Cover: Rob Cobon on the final pitch of Alum Pot. Photo: Dave Elliot     ");
array_files[261]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent042.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (42)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (42) Descent (42) July 1979 The Secret that Lies Waiting Behind Malham Cove The predictions are sealed until someone can prove what lies behind Malham Cove, says Ian Plant. Converting to an Expedition Carbide Lamp How it works, how you should work it! What the 1979 NSS Convention Holds in Store Head for New England for the forthcoming NSS Convention. First British Descent of Scialet de la Combe de Fer Another classic French cave in the Vercors tackled by a British team. Reyfad is Ireland’s Deepest ... And still going strong! UK Expedition will Probe Secrets of Hawaii’s Volcanic Caves The attractions of caving in lava – at least, the solid but hollow kind! The Floating Cam A new ropewalker ascender offers a faster rate of ascent. The Hardware Scene: Ropewalker Failure A ropewalker is reported to have failed under load, plus there is a report on Maillon Rapides. Archaeology for Cavers Mel Davies describes what to watch for to avoid damaging these all important records of our past. Cover: At the terminal sump in P8. Photo: Carter-White     ");
array_files[262]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent041.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (41)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (41) Descent (41) March 1979 Statham and Yeadon Break World Record in Keld Head Dive The subject of a television film, the through-trip from Kingsdale Master Cave to Keld Head has been completed. Italy’s Abissa Fighiera In the Antro del Corchia, is the Abissa Fighiera in line for the world’s deepest cave? Exploring High Karst Areas of the Land of Big Drops Bill Stone presents the wonders of Mexican caving. Solo Caving Right or wrong, caving solo has its attractions, says Dave Checkley. The Hardware Scene: Testing the Jumar Not only the results of testing a Jumar to destruction, but the strength of ropes and the Whillock rope climber as well. Cover: Geoff Yeadon kitted up at the Keld Head dive site. Photo: Yorkshire Television     ");
array_files[263]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent040.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (40)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (40) Descent (40) January 1979 Mile and a Half of Superb Cave Passage Opened in King Pot King Pot in Kingsdale has seen a major extension. Eislufhöhle Still Going for CUCC A Cambridge team is 1,148ft down in Austria’s Eislufhöhle Vespers Pot: Under Our Noses All the Time! Vespers Pot in Kingsdale proved easy to enter; you just had to have the luck of looking in the right place. Death of Dr. E.K. Tratman ‘Trat’ has died; here is our tribute. Reyfad Find Heads Into Mountain Another kilometre of passage has been found in Reyfad Pot. British Divers Set for World Record Dive at Keld Head Preparations are underway to forge a major underwater link. Los Tayos A pint at t’Heifer, then caving’s zaniest expedition sets off for Ecuador. Return from Mulu One of the largest expeditions ever organised by the Royal Geographical Society has returned from the caves of Mulu, having shot a television film to boot. Doghole Reveals Devon’s Jewels Doghole in Buckfastleigh has seen renewed interest – and an extension. Exploring the Dachstein Massif The Totes Gebirge of Austria calls to cavers ... National Caving Association Commentary Whether you agree with the red tape or not, the latest reports will affect you! Cover: George Cooper laddering the Gouffre de Roque de Cor. Photo: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[264]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent039.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (39)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (39) Descent (39) July 1978 Grampian Winkle Out Schiehallion’s Secrets Alan Jeffreys proves the inestimable adage: ‘caves be where you find ’em’. Caves and the Community A special symposium held in London dealt with seven aspects of caves and caving. Liverpool Discover Jamaica’s Longest Cave System A British expedition visits known systems – and then take to prospecting. The Hardware Scene: Sheath Slippage Following an incident at Dale Head Pot, a look at what happens to ropes when the sheath slips. The Discovery of Fox Chamber Linked to this month’s cover photo, the story of how excavations led to a major discovery in the Peak District. Quiet Retreat from Norway’s Depths A team heads for Norway to tackle the deepest system in northern Europe. NCA News Bulletin The NCA reports back to cavers with another Bulletin. Cover: Fox Chamber in the newly discovered extension in Winnatts Head Cave. Photo: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[265]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent038.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (38)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (38) Descent (38) March 1978 International Congress Hard work made this year’s International Congress of Speleology the best yet. Extension Made to Ayleburn Pot A quick look in Ayleburn Pot quickly located a small, dry passage not mentioned in the guidebook. Ogof Craig-a-Ffynnon After a long dig, finally there is something to show: four miles of new cave passage. Recent Diving in Derbyshire Jerry Murland reports on dives throughout the Peak. Cambridge Push the Hard Pots of Altaussee For the second year running, Cambridge cavers have headed for the karst of Austria. Iran ’77 Martyn Farr tells the tale of an amazing prospecting expedition to the caves of Iran. NCA News Bulletin The NCA reports back to cavers with Bulletin (4). Crack British Team Leaves for Borneo – and Mulu The potential is vast indeed on the other side of the world. Cover: The Hall of the Mountain King in Ogof Craig a Ffynnon. Photo: Ian Davinson     ");
array_files[266]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent037.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (37)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (37) Descent (37) December 1977 Uamh nan Claig-ionn is Now Scotland’s Deepest Pothole Alan L. Jeffreys reports on the latest discoveries north of the border. NCA News Bulletin The NCA reports back to cavers with Bulletin (3). Depth Record in Big Wookey Dive Martyn Farr and Dave Morris cover the results of their latest push in Wookey Hole. An Enchanting Diversion ... Into fowl play, high hopes and the Cave Diggers Union, bruvvers ... Keep your tongue firmly in cheek now! But, here’s full coverage of the caves to be found on Storrs Common in Ingleton. Hurnel Ridge Sink A new cave has been found on Ingleborough. Redmire Sump Passed to Give Mile of Cave Redmire Pot in Wharfedale has been pushed as part of Cambridge UCC’s systematic search for new passage in the area. Preston Push Crescent Pot to 400 Feet Deep Crescent Pot in East Kingsdale has been extended by Preston CC members. Diving Tragedy at Ilam Mike Nelson has died while undertaking a dive into Ilam Risings in the Manifold Valley. Cover: Prusiking up the entrance pitch to Rumbling Hole. Photo: Mike Smithson     ");
array_files[267]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent036.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (36)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (36) Descent (36) March 1977 Glad Tidings from Tyning’s! Mendip diggers have opened up a new streamway cave. Aussie Extravaganza in Major European Systems While British cavers venture ever further afield in search of caves, those further afield head closer to our shores. NCA News Bulletin The NCA reports back to cavers with Bulletin (1). Careful Build-up to Longest Wookey Dives The problems facing those pushing in Wookey Hole. Farr’s Travels Martyn Farr has emulated Pete Lord’s epic tour of the USA; it was time to show the Americans that not all cavers come from England! Observations on the Use of SRT in Australasia Andy Eavis thought that he should travel onward from PNG and was surprised to find how other countries are making use of SRT. The Hardware Scene: APS Yes, it’s another prusiking system. Himalayan Expedition The second field report from the expedition to north-west Pakistan. Cover: Diving in P8. Photo: Dave Elliot     ");
array_files[268]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent034.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (34)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (34) Descent (34) August 1976 Langstroth Deaths – Foul Air Blamed Three potholers have died while attempting a free-dive out from Langstroth Pot. Wookey Hole Breakthrough Martyn Farr reports on the latest diving discoveries in Wookey Hole. SRT Know-how for 200 at BCRA Buxton Symposium A special symposium organised to cover the subject of SRT draws an impressive crowd of cavers. Treasure Under a Welsh Hill Speleo Rhal CC describes their new find in Tunnel Cave. Otter Hole Two of the support party for a diving trip in Otter Hole spend their time wisely and make their own breatkthrough. Moldywarps Find Skye’s Longest Cave A few minutes’ digging reveal a new site: Uamh Cinn Ghlinn. NEL Report on SRT Rope A report on independent tests applied to ropes. Montana: Rugged, Beautiful Land of Promise With a sparse population and a wilderness designation, huge tracts of land are ripe for exploration. How Strong are Tape Slings? With an upsurge in SRT in the UK, it’s time to examine your slings for their suitability. The Hardware Scene: Whaletail Versus Rappel Rack Continuing the debate begun in Descent (30) as to which system is the best and safest. Blea Gill Cave: The Discoveries Continue Les Mottram continues the story of how Blea Gill Cave was opened up. Cover: Graham Moseley on the bolt traverse in Ogof Ffynnon Ddu 1. Photo: Ian Davinson     ");
array_files[269]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent035.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (35)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (35) Descent (35) January 1977 High Hopes for ‘Surprise’ Kingsdale Dig Ged Dodd reports on the latest work in Kingsdale Master Cave. NCA News Bulletin The NCA reports back to cavers. The Hardware Scene: Lightstick Pocket and Modfied Ammo Can Looking at Cyalume lightsticks and modifying an ammunition can for emergency use. Decompression Next Stage in Wookey Diving With the sumps going deep and long, decompression will be required at Wookey Hole. Record Lava Cave Find in Kenya A ten-day expedition has found what is claimed to be the world’s longest and deepest lava cave: Leviathan. Gearing Up to Congress It’s coming: the seventh International Speleological Congress, to be held in Sheffield. Limited Finds in NW Pakistan Recce The first field report from the 1976 expedition to the Himalaya. The Joys of Big Ape (and Little Ape) Pete Smart sends this report on Jamaican caving. Working Party’s Report on How We View NCA The working party’s report in full. Cover: Gary Jones in the 1976 discovery: Splash Inlet Extension in Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Photo: Alan Jackson     ");
array_files[270]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent033.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (33)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (33) Descent (33) April 1976 PSM Retains Record An international expedition has resulted in not one but two broken records New Guinea 75 The 1975 British expedition to Papua New Guinea has completed its work and returned home, producing this full report. Blea Gill Cave Here is a club’s diary of exploration in Blea Gill Cave in the Yorkshire Dales. NCA News Bulletin The NCA reports back to cavers. Fine Sport Down the Piaggia Bella Bradford PC members set their sights on the Piaggia Bella system in Italy. Dale Head Pot Third Deepest in North After plenty of underground engineering, Dale Pot Cave has attained a depth of 540ft. Grotte de la Cigalère A British team has reached the end of the Cigalère, but draws a blank when diving the sump. Report on the SRT Fatal Accident in the Picos In 1975 Chris Murray fell while ascending a pitch using SRT, and subsequently died in the cave. His friends on the trip offer their observations. Hull University Link Pollnacrom & Reyfad Two major systems in Co. Fermanagh have been linked. The Hardware Scene: The Jerry Pad Protecting your ropes at a rub point. Cover: Stalagmites. Photo: Uncredited     ");
array_files[271]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent032.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (32)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (32) Descent (32) September 1975 New Portland Cave and Britain’s Most Difficult Entrance Some routine photography led to the discovery of a new cave in sea cliffs at Portland: Blacknor Hole. Know Your Ropes Part three of a continuing series covers rope types and the latest results of tests. The Caving Regions of the USSR John Letheren records the principal caving areas in the USSR, of which 40% is designated limestone. Extension in Kingsdale Master Cave An aven climb yields an unexpected reward. Whernside Manor: An Appeal for Help from Britain’s Cavers Financial support is being withdrawn from the National Caving Centre at Whernside Manor – help is needed to safeguard this resource. Advance Team Picks Out Matienzo’s Plum Pots Planning sorts out the best caves to tackle in Matienzo in Spain. NCA News Bulletin The NCA reports back to cavers. The Hardware Scene: Bolts Nick Reckert covers bolts and their uses for safer SRT. Call From the BCRA for Radical Changes in the NCA David Judson’s discussion piece was a personal one – until it was adopted by BCRA as policy. World Interest Focuses on Papua New Guinea Several expeditions are aimed at the caves of PNG. Cover: Rescuing an injured caver from Ariel Tunnel on Portland. Photo: Reg Vincent     ");
array_files[272]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent031.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (31)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (31) Descent (31) May 1975 Britain’s First SRT Fatality The facts behind David Huxtable’s death in Gaping Gill, with ... Gaping Ghyll: Why Did the Rope Break? An analysis of rope types and why some are unsuitable for SRT. New Guinea 75 The latest expedition to Papua New Guinea is one of the largest and most ambitious to leave our shores. Otter Hole A tidal sump guards the secrets of a discovery in the Forest of Dean. NCA News Bulletin The NCA reports back to cavers. Cave Photography Alan Coase turns to flash techniques in part three of his series on cave photography. The Problems Now Facing Britain’s ‘Super-Cave’ Making Ogof Ffynnon Ddu the centrepiece of British caves is not an easy thing. Cover: The huge Iaro River Cave of Papua New Guinea. Photo: Uncredited     ");
array_files[273]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent030.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (30)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (30) Descent (30) November 1974 First British Team to Bottom World’s Third Deepest Pot Bradford PC team descends to the depths of the Chourun des Aiguilles at 3,200ft. Know Your Ropes Ropes and their characteristics, part two of a continuing series. Castleguard Film Epic A new film has been shot in Castleguard Cave in Canada: a film shot in style! The Hardware Scene: Whaletail Versus Rappel Rack Which descent system is the best and safest? Cave Photography Alan Coase looks at flash equipment in part two of his series on cave photography. Cover: The old roof traverse in Lost John’s Cave. Photo: P.R. Sanderson     ");
array_files[274]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent029.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (29)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (29) Descent (29) August 1974 Tragedy During Record Cave Dive Roger Solari has died during a push in Agen Allwedd. Cave Photography Part one of a new series on cave photography by expert photographer Alan Coase. The Unparalleled SRT Technique of Jim Eyre By his own pen, of course. Expect humour: extreme setting. From Yorkshire Pot to the Sumidero Yo Chib Pete Lord has been caving with Mike Boon, now resident in Canada – a trip that took in here, there and everywhere. Miss Descent The results of the Miss Descent competition for the best photo of a female caver underground. The results are, well, a little surprising. Dalebarn Cave Derek Crossland reports on a cave diving push that has taken the sump in Dale Barn Cave to over 2,500ft. Know Your Ropes Part one of a continuing series on ropes: what do you need for caving, and why? The Hardware Scene: Home-made Ladders This latest report covers not so much making ladders, but the dangerous faults that have developed. Descent of Deepest Shaft in Wales A great pot on Little Orme has been bottomed. Cover: Colin Brookes on the Long Churn route into Alum Pot. Photo: D.J. Elliot     ");
array_files[275]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent028.html","2012-01-31","9K","Descent (28)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (28) Descent (28) June 1974 Thrupe Lane Swallet A new and spectacular pothole has been found on Mendip, and it’s already over 400ft deep. Ormes Reveal Cave Secrets to Boat Team More discoveries have been made in what is normally a climber’s province: the sea cliffs of North Wales The Hardware Scene: Chemilights A new form of emergency lighting has reached the market. Cover: Colin Brookes on the Long Churn route into Alum Pot. Photo: D.J. Elliot     ");
array_files[276]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent027.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (27)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (27) Descent (27) March 1974 Caving’s Cinderella in a Plain Brown Envelope Descent has attained the grand age of five – happy birthday, us! So, how’s it been going in the real world? Giant Cave Lake will Tempt Oxford Poly Back to Iran The first Oxford Polytechnic expedition left in the wake of those to Ghar Parau, though the aim was to find new caves near Zagros. Human Remains Found in Little Orme Cave Archaeology comes to the fore in Ogof Rhiwledyn Exploit the Potential of Underground Photography There actually aren’t that many cave photographers around -– yet this is a rich arena for producing stunning results. Make Your Own Underground Exposure Calculator Confused by those tricky flash guide numbers? Here’s your solution. Differences Between Lists of Deepest Systems Two internationally recognised lists of the world’s deepest caves have appeared – and they differ, markedly. Which is right and why? Problems Over Re-establishment of Durham CRO Durham CRO became defunct a couple of years ago, so is there support for restarting the organisation given that it was never formally wound down? The Hardware Scene: The Whaletail Descendeur Here are the specs for making your own descender, as invented by American caver Gerald Wood. The Pun-ishment of Mangle Hole ‘It’s Sunday, bloody Sunday. The rain is cats and dogs.’ So begins a memorable trip ... Casteret: His Life and His Caves Peter Johnson offers a brief biography of a man who is perhaps the best known in the world of caving. Cover: Carlswark Caverns. Photo: Paul Deakin     ");
array_files[277]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent026.html","2012-01-31","11K","Descent (26)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (26) Descent (26) January 1974 Manor Farm Swallet, a Major Mendip Dig Find The dig at Manor Farm Swallet on Mendip dates back to 1947 – but now the effort has finally paid off. NSS Team Brings SRT Expertise to Europe’s Pots For three weeks, an American team has tackled the deep caves of the Astraka Plateau in Greece. BUSS to the Picos de Europa Birmingham USS members have taken on a trip to Spain and, typically, made a major discovery on the last but one day. The Czech Congress: Bonhomie Despite Red Tape The International Congress of Speleology in the Czech Republic has closed – but it’s Britain next! Porth-yr-Ogof Inquest The coroner’s findings after the death of junior soldier Graham Alston led to new recommendations for visits to the cave. The Hardware Scene: The Skyhook Here’s a full design specification for making a skyhook ... Arctomys Pot ... Now Deepest in Canada and USA This past summer saw some major work going on in British Columbia, where the Top of the World region has produced some record-breaking caves. Staggering Challenge of PNG’s Atea River Sink Papua New Guinea expedition reveals an area rich in potential for years to come. Shepton Mallet Finds Achieve Record Length for Lava Cave The annual Shepton Mallet CC expedition visited Tenerife in 1973 and broke the record books. Cambridge Confident of 3,000ft Pot Discovery in 1974 The Cambridge UCC expedition to the Pyrenees has achieved several notable successes. Cover: The old roof traverse in Lost Johns Cave. Photo: P.R. Sanderson     ");
array_files[278]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent025.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (25)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (25) Descent (25) September 1973 Quo Vadis: The Non-Club Caver? Bob Leaky looked at the motives of the club caver in Descent (8), but what of that other beast: the non-club caver? Pete Mellors investigates. Ogof Hesb Alun Mel Davies covers news of an exciting and major find in North Wales. OUCC in Spain, ’73 Oxford UCC cavers have returned from another successful expedition. The Hardware Scene John Letheren considers some maths behind rope strengths under tension. Going Caving? Make Sure You’re Well Covered The problem of finding adequate insurance cover for caving is not easy to solve, but now Peter Rose is offering a broking service for his fellow bretheren. Cover: Alan Grahagan and Colin Thompson at the first pitch, Pool Sink, Ease Gill Caverns. Photo: Ian Davinson     ");
array_files[279]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent024.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (24)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (24) Descent (24) July 1973 Cave Diving: A Revival Up North Dave Yeandle shows how much diving has revealed in our northern caves. Miners’ Deads Do Tell Their Tales Triple Hole on Mendip finally reveals its secrets. Search for Parc Mine Complex A descent of a major disused mine in North Wales. Ogof Dydd Byraf Ogof Dydd Byraf has been saved from quarrying – for the present. Story Behind Mammoth/Flint Link-up Flint Ridge Cave and Mammoth Cave in Kentucky have finally been linked, creating the largest known cave in the world. Reading University Leave Spanish Shaft Unexplored As always seems to happen, the expedition ran out of time ... Threat to OFD From Quarry Extension Plans Cambrian Caving Council is forced to react quickly to plans which might damage Ogof Ffynnon Ddu. Cover: A cascade in Ogof Ffynnon Ddu 2. Photo: Clive Westlake     ");
array_files[280]=new Array(1,1,"http://www.wildplaces.co.uk/descent/descent023.html","2012-01-31","10K","Descent (23)    ","","Wild Places Publishing - publisher of Descent magazine and specialist caving books     "," Descent (23) Descent (23) April 1973 British Bottom Spluga in Record